ISheepdog yaseBelgian (French Chien de Berger Belge) iyinhlobo yezinja eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu. Izinja Zabelusi ZaseBelgium zifaka phakathi: iGroenendael, Malinois, Laquenois neTervuren. I-International Cynological Federation (ICF) ibatsatsa njengebawuhlobo lunye, kepha kuletinye tinhlangano titfolwa njengemikhakha leyehlukene.
Izifushaniso
- Abelusi baseBelgian badinga ukuthi basebenze okungenani ihora ngosuku. Uma ungakwazi ukulayisha umzimba nobuchopho babo ngendlela yokudlala noma yokusebenza, khona-ke bazozithola bezijabulisa. Kepha zizokubiza kakhulu futhi ngeke uzithande.
- Kuthululwa ngokulinganayo, ukuzilungisa kuncike enhlobonhlobo.
- Zizwana kahle nezinye izilwane nezinja, kepha umuzwa wokwalusa uzenza zixoshe isilwane esibalekayo ukuze zisibuyisele emhlambini.
- Bahlakaniphe kakhulu futhi bayazwelana, bayaluqonda kahle ulimi lwezandla nokubukeka kobuso. Banomhlambi oqinile wokwelusa nowokuvikela.
- Bathanda umndeni wabo nemidlalo yabo. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kube mnandi, kungaguquguquki, kuthakazelise, kube kuhle.
- Ngenxa yobuhlakani babo, amandla nezinye izici, abelusi baseBelgian abanconyelwe abalimi be-novice.
- Lezi yizinja ezithandwa kakhulu, kepha ezinye izinja zaseBelgian Shepherd kungaba nzima ukuzithenga. Isibonelo, iLaquenois ingenye yezinto eziyivelakancane phakathi kwabo.
Umlando wozalo
Izinja Zanamuhla Zabelusi BaseBelgium kukhulunywa ngazo okokuqala ngekhulu le-17. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha komdwebo osuka encwadini yesiFulentshi yangaleso sikhathi, kufakwe encwadini ethi "German Shepherd in Pictures", eyashicilelwa ngo-1923 ngu-von Stefanitz, umdali we-German Shepherd Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi zazikhona njengohlobo oluhlukile ngaleso sikhathi.
Inkinga ukuthi izinja ezelusayo akuzona izinhlobo ezihlonishwayo zalelo khulu leminyaka. Izikhulu zakudala zaseYurophu azizange zisungule amakilabhu, futhi omkawo babengazigcini lezi zinja njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Lo mthetho uphinde wadlulela naseBelgian Shepherd Dogs, ababengabasizi balimi. Futhi impilo yabalimi yayingabalulekile futhi ingathandeki, ngakho-ke umlando wohlanga awaziwa kangako kunezinye, izinja eziyigugu kakhulu.
Emibhalweni esasele, kuyacaca ukuthi abaseBelgium basebenzise izindlela zokwalusa ezifana nezomakhelwane babo, amaFrance.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, iBelgium yayihlaselwa futhi izinhlobo ezintsha zezinja zazingena ezweni kanye namasosha. IBelgium yathola inkululeko ngo-1831.
Ngokuqala kwenguquko yezimboni, umnotho wezwe waqala ukushintsha. Ojantshi, izimboni, ubuchwepheshe obusha buvele.
Ukufudukela emadolobheni sekuholele ekunyamalaleni kwamadlelo nokuchichima kwabahlali kusuka ezigodini kuya emadolobheni. Lokhu kuthinte ukuthandwa kwezinja ezelusayo, okwakungekho msebenzi osele.
Ngekhulu le-XIX, iYurophu icindezelwe ubuzwe, amazwe amaningi afuna ukuba nohlobo lwawo, izinja zezwe lonke. Ukwenza lolu hlobo luhluke kolunye, kuthuthukiswa amazinga aqinile. Futhi ngoSepthemba 29, 1891, iClub du Chien de Berger Belge (CCBB) yadalwa eBrussels.
Kamuva, ngoNovemba 1891, uSolwazi Adolph Reul uzoqoqa abamele lolu hlobo abangu-117 emadolobheni aseduze. Uyazifundisisa ukuze aqonde ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo oluthile lokucabanga olungacatshangwa esifundeni ngasinye. Ngaleso sikhathi awekho amazinga, inja ngayinye ihlukile, yize ezinye zinezici ezifanayo.
Abalimi abanendaba kangako nengaphandle, bagxile kuzimfanelo zokusebenza. Noma kunjalo, uRiyul ubahlanganisa ngohlobo futhi ngo-1892 wakha indinganiso yokuqala kaMelusi waseBelgium. Uyabona ukwehluka okuthathu: izinwele ezimfishane, izinwele ezinde, izinwele.
Abelusi baseBelgium bahlukaniswa ngokuya ngengaphandle nendawo lapho bavame kakhulu khona. Izinja zezimvu ezinezinwele ezinde, ezimnyama zibizwa ngeGroenendael ngemuva kwedolobha elinegama elifanayo, ama-tervurenins abomvu-obomvu, abomvu abanezinwele ezimfushane iMalinois ngemuva kwedolobha laseMechelen, abanezinwele zocingo ngemuva kwenqaba yaseChateau de Laeken noma iLaekenois.
Abafuyi baphendukela eSociete Royale Saint-Hubert (SRSH), okuyinhlangano enkulu kakhulu yokuzalanisa ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-1892, bafaka isicelo sokuqashelwa kohlobo, kepha senqatshwa. Umsebenzi wokumisa amazinga uyaqhubeka futhi ngonyaka we-1901 i-SRSH ibona uhlobo.
Ngokwanda kokuthandwa kwemibukiso yezinja, abalimi baseBelgium behlisa izidingo zokusebenza futhi bagxile kwengaphandle ukuze banqobe umbukiso. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinja zaseBelgian Abelusi zihlukaniswe ngokwenhloso.
Abanezinwele ezinde baba ngabahlanganyeli bemibukiso, kuthi abanezinwele ezimfishane baqhubeke nokusebenza njengezinja zokwalusa.
UNicholas Rose waseGroenendael uyindoda eyaphayona ukwakhiwa kweBelgian Shepherd Dog enegama elifanayo. Nguye owadala inkulisa yokuqala yeGroenendael - Chateau de Groenendael.
ULouis Huyghebaert ubekhuthaza abaseMalinois futhi wathi izidingo zezimfanelo zokusebenza azisebenzi, ngoba zimbalwa izimvu ezisele eBelgium.
IBelgian Shepherd yayiwuhlobo lokuqala olusetshenziswa ngamaphoyisa. Ngo-Mashi 1899, izinja ezintathu ezelusayo zangena enkonzweni edolobheni laseGhent. Ngaleso sikhathi, zazisetshenziswa ekugadeni kwemingcele, futhi ikhono labo lokulandela abashushumbisi lalithathwa kakhulu.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, laba belusi bavela eMelika ngo-1907, ngenkathi amaGroenendael engeniswa ezweni. Ngo-1908, zazisetshenziswa njengezinja zamaphoyisa eParis naseNew York. Izinja ezaziwa kakhulu zeBelgian Shepherd Dogs yiMalinois neGroenendael, ezisatshalaliswa ngempumelelo emhlabeni wonke.
Ngokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, bayaqhubeka nokusebenza, kepha sebengaphambili. Basebenza njengonogada, baphatha izincwadi, ama-cartridge, benza abalimele. Ngesikhathi sempi, abaningi bajwayelana nalolu hlobo futhi ukuthandwa kwalo kwanda kakhulu. Abelusi baseBelgium bafanelwe idumela lokuba yizinja ezinesibindi, eziqinile nezithembekile.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iBelgium kwadingeka idlule ezimpini zomhlaba ezimbili futhi kwafa izinja eziningi, lokhu akuzange kuthinte ukuthandwa kwazo kanye ne-gene pool.
Namuhla zisabalele futhi zithandwa kakhulu, yize lokhu kuthandwa kungalingani futhi okunye ukuhlukahluka kunabadlali abaningi kanti abanye kuncane.
Incazelo
EBelgium, zonke izinhlobo ezine zaziwa njengohlobo olulodwa, oluhlukaniswa ngengubo yazo ende nokuthungwa. Kwamanye amazwe, kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezahlukene. Isibonelo, i-American Kennel Club (AKC) ibona iGroenendael, iTervuren neMalinois, kepha ayiyazi nhlobo iLaekenois.
I-New Zealand Kennel Club ibathatha njengezinhlobo ezihlukene, kanti i-Australian National Kennel Council, iCanada Kennel Club, iKennel Union yaseNingizimu Afrika, i-United Kennel Club kanye neKennel Club (UK) balandele i-FCI futhi bathathwa njengeyodwa.
Ukungafani kombala nejazi:
- I-Groenendael - ijazi lezinja likhulu, liphindwe kabili, ukuthungwa kwalo kuminyene futhi kuqinile, akufanele kube usilika, kusonge noma kucwebezele. Kudingeka ibhantshi elijiyile. Umbala uvame ukuba mnyama, yize kwesinye isikhathi kunamabala amhlophe amhlophe esifubeni nasezinzwaneni.
- ILaquenois - ijazi liyakhasa futhi libukhali, libomvu libhidlize nomhlophe. ILaekenois ayinaso isifihla-buso esimnyama njengeMalinois, kepha indinganiso ivumela umthunzi omnyama kancane embotsheni nasemsileni.
- I-Malinois - izinwele ezimfishane, umbala obomvu onamalahle, imaski emnyama ebusweni futhi emnyama ezindlebeni.
- UTervuren - ubomvu ngombala "wamalahle" njengeMalinois, kodwa izinwele ezinde njengeGroenendael. Kwesinye isikhathi iba nezimpawu ezimhlophe eminweni nasesifubeni.
Ngaphandle kwalokho bayizinja ezifanayo kakhulu. Ekubuneni, abesilisa bafinyelela ku-60-66 cm, ama-bitches 56-62 futhi anesisindo esingu-25-30 kg.
Uhlamvu
Abelusi baseBelgium bahlanganisa ubungqabavu nokuqina kwezinhlobo ezisebenzayo nobuhlakani nobungane, okwenza babe ngabangane abahle. Izinja ezelusayo zinempilo, ziyajabula futhi zinomdlandla, futhi nezinja zaseBelgian Shepherd izinjalo.
Bazalwa beqinile, beshesha futhi benobungcweti, badinga indlela yokuphila esebenzayo futhi umnikazi ongaba khona kufanele ahole lokho nje.
Abakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle komsebenzi noma umsebenzi, bamane nje abadalelwanga impilo yokuzilibazisa nokulala isikhathi eside. Akukhathalekile ukuthi wenzeni: yidla, udlale, ufunde, ugijime. Umalusi waseBelgium udinga umthwalo ohloniphekile, okungenani ihora ngosuku.
Kuyisici sokwalusa izinja ukulawula ezinye izilwane, zikufinyelela ngosizo lokuncinza ngemilenze. Bazoncinza wonke umuntu ongaphandle komhlambi ngokombono wabo. Noma iziphi izinto ezihambayo ziheha ukunakwa kwazo, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi zingezomhlambi.
Izimoto, abagibeli bamabhayisikili, abagijimi, izingwejeje nezinye izilwane ezincane kungaphazamisa umalusi wakho.
Izindlu ezizimele ezinamagceke avulekile zikulungele ukugcina lezi zinja, lapho zizothola khona ithuba lokugijima nokudlala. Ukuhlala efulethini noma ezindizeni zezindiza akunconyelwe abelusi baseBelgium.
Abelusi baseBelgium bahlakaniphile kakhulu. UStanley Coren encwadini yakhe ethi "Intelligence of dogs" uzibeka endaweni yesi-15 futhi ungowalolu hlobo ngobuhlakani obukhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uMalusi waseBelgium ufunda umyalo omusha ngemuva kokuphindaphinda okungu-5-15, futhi uwenze u-85% noma ngaphezulu wesikhathi.
Kepha lokhu futhi kuyinkinga ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba ukugijima okulula ngemuva kwebhola ngeke kumenelise. Lolu hlobo ludinga inselelo, inselelo olugcina lulungile ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Kodwa-ke, balahlekelwa kalula yintshisekelo kwimisebenzi ephindaphindwayo.
Lezi zinja akufanele ziphathwe yilabo abachitha amahora amaningi emsebenzini noma abakwazi ukuthola isikhathi senja yabo. Ukuhlala ungenzi lutho isikhathi eside, eyedwa, uzozibandakanya naye. Umphumela uba impahla elimele.
Ngenxa yamandla nokuhlakanipha kwayo, umalusi waseBelgium kumele aqale ukuqeqeshwa kusenesikhathi. Lezi zinja ngokwemvelo zizama ukujabulisa abantu futhi ziyajabula ngokufunda imiyalo emisha.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwasekuqaleni, okungaguquguquki kanye nokuhlalisana kubalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo, kepha kubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu. Ukuqeqesha kufanele kube lula, kujabulise, kuthakazelise. Ukuziphatha okufisayo kufanele kuqiniswe ngokudumisa, okukhona.
Izindlela ezinzima azidingekile futhi ziholela emiphumeleni ephikisanayo. I-Monotony nesithukuthezi nakho kuthinta kabi ukuqeqeshwa, ngoba lezi zinja zibamba ngekhanda ngokushesha futhi zibambe konke okundizayo.
Abenamandla kuphela futhi bahlakaniphile, kepha futhi banentando enamandla. Ngenxa yokuthi basebenze isikhathi eside emaphoyiseni nasemasosheni, bayaluqonda kahle ulimi lwezandla nokubukeka kobuso, ngokushesha baqonde imizwa yomuntu.
Azikwazi ukunconyelwa abalimi abaqalayo. ISheepdog yaseBelgium ilindela izidingo zomnikazi wayo futhi ingase izame ukumdlubulunda ngokuba igxathu elilodwa phambili ngaso sonke isikhathi. Abathetheleli amaphutha noma ubuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.
Lolu hlobo oluhlakaniphile luyakwazi ukulindela abantu futhi indlela yokuziphatha engathandeki kufanele ilungiswe ngokushesha, ngokuqinile nangokuzimisela. Umnikazi udinga ukukhombisa izinga eliphezulu lokubusa nobuhlakani ukuze akwazi ukuhlala endimeni ye-alpha. Kubazalisi bezinja be-novice, lokhu kungaba yinkinga.
Abelusi baseBelgium bazibheka njengengxenye yomndeni, bathembekile futhi bathembekile, bazinakekela kakhulu. Bangaba abalindi abahle, abanakekele ngokungakhathali umhlambi wabo.
Isibonelo, indlu yenja yokuqapha yaseMelika "Sc K9" isebenzisa abelusi baseBelgium kuphela, iningi labo iMalinois, emsebenzini wayo.
Kodwa-ke abahlaseli ngaphandle kwesizathu nokuzenzisa. Banobungani namalungu omndeni, izingane kanye nabantu obajwayele. Abantu abangaziwa bamukelekile ikakhulukazi, kepha lapho bejwayela, bayafudumala.
Ngaphambi kokuba umuntu ajwayelane, abamethembi futhi babukisisa. Abelusi baseBelgium bavame ukude futhi bayasola ngabantu abasha, njengoba besola nemisindo nokunyakaza. Kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wabo ukuvikela nokunakekela umhlambi wabo.
Bazwana kakhulu nezingane, ngaphezu kwalokho, bazwana nezinye izinja nezilwane, ikakhulukazi uma bekhule nabo. Kepha-ke zibonwa njengengxenye yepakethe, futhi iphakethe lidinga ukuphathwa. Uma isilwane singajwayelekile kubo, khona-ke sibangela imizwa efanayo nomuntu ongamazi.
Umfuyi wezinja onamava futhi ongaguquguquki ochitha isikhathi esanele kumalusi wakhe uyokuthola kuhlakaniphe ngokumangalisayo futhi kulalela.
Udinga nje ukunikezwa isitolo samandla angapheli futhi asilayishe ngokwengqondo, ngokubuyisela uzokwenza noma yimuphi umyalo. Lezi zinja zinomlingiswa oqinile futhi ufuna umlingiswa ofanayo kumnikazi wakhe.
Ukunakekela
Kunemithetho ethile esebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Ukuzilungisa njalo kusiza ukukhomba izinkinga ezivelayo, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kwezindlebe, amehlo, umlomo, isikhumba kufanele kube njalo.
Kepha ekunakekelweni kwezinwele, inhlobonhlobo ngayinye inezidingo zayo. Ijazi elide, elijiyile likaGroenendael noTervuren lidinga ukubhulashiwa kabili noma kathathu ngesonto. Belgian Abelusi molt unyaka wonke, kepha kunalokho ngokulinganisela.
Ukuchithwa okunamandla kwabesilisa iGroenendael neTervuren kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka, kuthi abesifazane bachitheke kabili ngonyaka.
Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukuwahlanganisa nsuku zonke. Uboya cishe abuthintwa, kunqunywa kuphela obukhula phakathi kweminwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bahlala esimweni sabo semvelo, semvelo futhi abadingi ukuzilungisa.
Kepha abaseMalinois badinga ukunakekelwa okuncane, ngoba ijazi labo lifushane futhi alidingi ukusikwa. Zichitha kabili ngonyaka, kodwa njengoba ibhantshi lifushane, ukukama ngokuvamile akudingekile.
ILaquenois ingenye yezinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zeBelgian Shepherd Dogs, kodwa futhi ne-rarest. Uboya babo bukhula kancane futhi abanikazi kufanele bangabugundi, ngoba kungathatha iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba babuyele esimeni sabo sangaphambilini.
Ijazi leLaenois elimaholo lidinga ukusikwa njalo ukugcina inja isesimweni esihle.
Ezempilo
Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe seBelgian Shepherd Dogs (zonke izinhlobo) cishe siyiminyaka eyi-12 nezinyanga ezi-5. Lokho kuningi ngenja ehlanzekile yalolu sayizi.
Impilo ende kakhulu ibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni eminyakeni eyi-18 nezinyanga ezi-3. Izimbangela ezinkulu zokufa kubalwa umdlavuza (23%), isifo sohlangothi (13%) nokuguga (13%).
