Ububanzi bezinguquko bunqwabelana ekuphakameni komngcele wokudla eRussia kusuka ku-20 g / cm2 eSevernaya Zemlya kuye ku-400 g / cm2 nokuningi ku-Kronotsky Peninsula, entshonalanga enkulu ye-Altai nasemithambekeni eseningizimu ye-Western Caucasus. Uma kubhekwa ukubalwa kwe-Atlas of Snow and Ice Resources, ukunqwabelana okuphezulu eMhlabeni emagagasini olwandle lwasePacific eningizimu yeChile kufinyelela kuma-600 g / cm2.
Amanani we-ablation ancike ezimweni zezulu zasehlobo ezindaweni eziphakeme lapho izinguzunga zeqhwa ziqala khona futhi zehlela kuzo. Uma izimo ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zezinguzunga zeqhwa zinqunywa ngokuphelele isikhundla se-lattension kanye nokuphakama kwezintaba, khona-ke imingcele lapho izinguzunga zeqhwa zifinyelela khona incike nosayizi wazo, amafomu okusiza (ukwehla kwezigodi) futhi, ubukhulu becala, kunani lokuqongelela: kukhulu, kukhulu lapho zingena khona. izinguzunga zeqhwa futhi okukhulu kakhulu izinqubo zokwehliswa kwezilimi zabo.
Amazinga we-Glaciological
Ensimini ye-USSR, siqhathanise amanani wamazinga okushisa omoya ehlobo kanye nokuncibilika okubalwe kuwo ngamazinga we-glaciological angaqhathaniswa (Ikhiwane. Amahlanu akhethwe njengamazinga afanayo:
- uphawu oluphakeme kakhulu lwezinguzunga zeqhwa ohlelweni lweqhwa;
- ukuphakama okumaphakathi okunesisindo kwendawo yokuqongelela ohlelweni lweqhwa;
- ukuphakama okumaphakathi kwesilinganiso somngcele wokugcwalisa kabusha ohlelweni lweqhwa;
- ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kwesilinganiso sezindawo zokudonswa kwe-ablation ohlelweni lwe-glacial;
- isikhundla esiphansi sokuphela kweqhwa ohlelweni lweqhwa. Amazinga okushisa ehlobo abalwa kucatshangelwa umugqa wawo omile nomphumela wokupholisa wezinguzunga zeqhwa, okwanda ngosayizi wazo.
Ushintsho lokushisa komoya
Izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphezu kwamaphoyinti aphakeme kakhulu lishintsha ngo-25 ° С: lisuka ku-4 ° eNtshonalanga ye-Altai naseKronotsky Peninsula futhi lize lifike ku-6 ° eqhweni "leqhwa" le-Kuznetsk Alatau kuya -19 ° eCentral Tien Shan (Pobeda Peak, Khan Tengri ), kubanda kunePamirs, ngenxa yesimo sayo esisenyakatho. Ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Asia Ephakathi kubanda kakhulu kunase-Arctic, nasezindaweni ezinomswakama ezinomoya onamandla e-Altai naseKamchatka, izinguzunga zeqhwa zivela ezimweni ezifudumele kunezintaba zePamirs eziseningizimu neCaucasus.
Izinga lokushisa lomoya ehlobo phakathi kwendawo yokuqongelela lishintsha ngo-11 ° C: kusuka -5.5 ° emthambekeni osenyakatho weTrans-Alai Range kuye ku-5.5 ° ezifundeni ezinomswakama kakhulu eNtshonalanga Altai naseNhlonhlweni yaseKronotsky. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa liphakeme phakathi kwamadolobha, lapho izindawo zokuqongelela zingakhuphukeli phezulu ngaphezu komkhawulo wokudla.
