I-Arctic tundra uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-ecosystem, ebonakala ngamakhaza amakhulu nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Kodwa, njengakwezinye izifunda, lapho kuhlala abamele abahlukahlukene bezilwane nezitshalo, abazivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila ezingezinhle.
I-Arctic tundra impofu ngokweqile ezimileni. Ilawulwa ngamakhaza amakhulu, i-permafrost, efinyelela ku-50-90 cm ukujula. Kodwa-ke, izihlahlana zemifino, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobulembu, ubulembu notshani zivamile ezifundeni ezinjalo. Izihlahla ezinezimpande ezisakazekayo aziphili ezimweni ezinjalo.
Isimo sezulu se-Arctic tundra
Indawo ye-arctic tundra itholakala enyakatho yezwe. Isici esiyinhloko sale ndawo umhlaba ombozwe yiqhwa. Ubusuku bePolar e-tundra buhlala izinyanga ezimbalwa. Indawo enzima ibonakala ngemimoya enamandla engafika ku-100 km / h kanti umhlaba uqhekekile kusuka eqhweni. Lesi sithombe sifana nogwadule oluneqhwa, olungenalutho, olugcwele imfucumfucu. Kwesinye isikhathi imivimbo emincane yemifino idlula eqhweni, yingakho itundra ibizwa ngamabala.
Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lomoya e-Arctic tundra lifinyelela ku -50 degrees, isilinganiso ngama-degrees angama-28. Wonke amanzi akule ndawo aba yiqhwa futhi ngenxa yeqhwa, ngisho nasehlobo, lolu ketshezi alunakufakwa emhlabathini. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlabathi iba ixhaphozi, futhi kwakheke amachibi ebusweni bayo. Ehlobo, itundra ithola inani elikhulu lemvula, elingafinyelela ku-25 cm.
Ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle kangako, abantu abakhombisi intshisekelo yokuzinza kule ndawo. Umuntu odabuka kubantu basenyakatho kuphela ozokwazi ukubhekana nezimo zezulu ezinzima.
Izimbali nezilwane
Indawo yetundra ayinamahlathi. Lesi sifunda siphethwe yisembozo esincane se-moss-lichen, "esihlanjululwa" yizindawo ezingamaxhaphozi. Le ndawo inezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-1680, ezingaba ngu-200-300 eziqhakazayo, ezinye zingubulembu nobulembu. Izitshalo ezivame kakhulu ze-tundra ama-blueberries, ama-lingonberries, ama-cloudberry, i-prince, i-loydia sekwephuzile, u-anyanisi, ipani lokuthosa, utshani bukakotini besifazane nezinye.
Amajingijolo
I-Lingonberry
I-Cloudberry
Inkosazana
ULoydia sekwedlule isikhathi
Ukuphuma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
Esinye sezihlahlana esidume kakhulu se-arctic tundra yi-arctoalpine. Eduze naseningizimu, kungatholakala ama-birches amancane, ama-sedges ngisho nama-dryads.
Izilwane ze-tundra azihlukile kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-49 kuphela zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala lapha, kufaka phakathi izinyoni zamanzi ezahlukahlukene nezilwane ezincelisayo. Ukufuya nokufuya izinkukhu kuthuthukiswe kahle kulesi sifunda. Abamele kakhulu emhlabeni wezilwane amadada, ama-loon, amahansi, ama-lemmings, ama-partridges, ama-lark, izimpungushe ze-arctic, unogwaja omhlophe, ama-ermines, ama-weasels, izimpungushe, ama-reindeer nezimpisi. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola izilwane ezihuquzelayo, ngoba azihlali ezimeni ezinzima kangako. Amaxoxo atholakala eduzane naseningizimu. AmaSalmonid ayizinhlanzi ezithandwayo.
Ukulimaza
I-Partridge
Impungushe yase-Arctic
Umvundla
Ermine
Weasel
Impungushe
I-Reindeer
Impisi
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ze-tundra kuhlukaniswa omiyane, ama-bumblebee, izimvemvane nama-springtails. I-Permafrost ayihambisani nokuzala kwezilwane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezilwane ezahlukahlukene. Cishe azikho izinto ezilala ubuthongo nezilwane ezigqobayo e-Arctic tundra.
Amaminerali
Indawo ye-arctic tundra icebile ngemithombo yemvelo ebalulekile. Lapha ungathola amaminerali afana ne-oyela ne-uranium, izinsalela ze-woolly mammoth, kanye nezinsimbi zensimbi nezamaminerali.
Namuhla, inkinga yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nomthelela we-Arctic tundra esimweni semvelo emhlabeni kubi kakhulu. Ngenxa yokushisa, i-permafrost iqala ukuncibilika futhi i-carbon dioxide ne-methane zingena emkhathini. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okusheshayo akuyona into ethonywe kakhulu yimisebenzi yabantu.
