I-Bioplastic iyizinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezivela kwimvelo futhi eziwohloka emvelweni ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Leli qembu lifaka izinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhakha. Izinto ezinjalo zikhiqizwa kusuka ku-biomass (ama-microorganisms nezitshalo), okunobungani bemvelo. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa emvelweni, zibola zibe umquba, amanzi ne-carbon dioxide. Le nqubo yenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lezimo zemvelo. Akuthinteki ngezinga le-biodegradation. Isibonelo, oplastiki abenziwe ngophethiloli babola ngokushesha okukhulu kunamaplastiki atholakala nge-bio.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Bioplastic
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-bioplastics zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:
- Iqembu lokuqala. Kubandakanya amapulasitiki anemvelaphi engokwemvelo nengokwemvelo, engenawo amandla okwenza i-biodegrade. Lezi yi-PE, i-PP ne-PET. Lokhu kufaka ne-biopolymers - PTT, TPC-ET
- Okwesibili. Leli qembu lifaka amapulasitiki abolayo. Yi-PLA, i-PBS ne-PH
- Iqembu lesithathu. Izinto zaleli qembu zitholakala kumaminerali, ngakho-ke ziyabola. Le yi-PBAT
I-International Organisation of Chemistry igxeka umqondo we "bioplastic" njengoba leli gama lidukisa abantu. Iqiniso liwukuthi abantu abazi kancane ngezakhiwo nangezinzuzo zama-bioplastics bangakwamukela njengento esebenzelana nemvelo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa umqondo "wama-polymers wemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo". Kuleli gama, akukho ukusikisela kwezinzuzo zemvelo, kepha kugcizelela kuphela uhlobo lwento. Ngakho-ke, ama-bioplastics awangcono kunama-polymer wendabuko okwenziwa.
Imakethe yesimanje ye-bioplastics
Namuhla imakethe ye-bioplastic imelwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ezenziwe ngemithombo evuselelekayo. I-Bioplastics eyenziwe ngomoba nommbila ithandwa kakhulu. Banikeza isitashi ne-cellulose, empeleni, ama-polymers emvelo lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthola ipulasitiki.
Ama-bioplastics ommbila ayatholakala ezinkampanini ezifana neMetabolix, NatureWorks, CRC neNovamont. Umoba usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto ezivela enkampanini yaseBraskem. Uwoyela weCastor usuyinto eluhlaza yama-bioplastics akhiqizwa yi-Arkema. I-Polylactic acid eyenziwe yiSanyo Mavic Media Co Ltd. wenze i-CD ebolayo. IRodenburg Biopolymers ikhiqiza ama-bioplastics avela kuzambane. Okwamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwama-bioplastics avela ezintweni ezingavuselelwa okusafuneka, ososayensi bahlala bethula amasampula amasha nentuthuko kule ndlela.
