Igama elithi "smog" lalisetshenziswa ngokweqile emashumini eminyaka adlule. Imfundo yakhe ikhuluma ngesimo esingesihle semvelo endaweni ethile.
Yenziwe ngani intuthu futhi yakhiwa kanjani?
Ukwakheka kwentuthu kuhluke kakhulu. Amashumi amaningi ezakhi zamakhemikhali angaba khona kule nkungu engcolile. Iqoqo lezinto lincike ezintweni eziholele ekwakhiweni kwenkungu. Ezimweni eziningi kakhulu, ukuvela kwalesi simo kwenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi wamabhizinisi asezimbonini, inani elikhulu lezimoto nokushisa okuthuthukisiwe kwezindlu ezizimele nezinkuni noma amalahle.
ISmog ayivamile emadolobheni amancane. Kodwa emadolobheni amakhulu amaningi lesi yisishayo sangempela. Ukukhishwa kwamabhizinisi ezimboni, ukuminyana kwezimoto emigwaqeni, imililo ezindaweni zokulahla udoti nezindawo zokulahla udoti kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi "idome" lentuthu ehlukahlukene liyakhiwa ngaphezu kwedolobha.
Umsizi omkhulu wemvelo ekulweni nokwakheka kwe-smog ngumoya. Ukuhamba kwenqwaba yomoya kuthwala ukungcola kude nendawo yokuhlala futhi kusiza ukunciphisa ukugxila kwabo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi akukho moya, bese kuvela umusi wangempela. Iyakwazi ukufinyelela kubantu abaningi kangako ukuthi ukubonakala emigwaqweni kuncishisiwe. Ngaphandle, kuvame ukubukeka njengenkungu ejwayelekile, kepha kuzwakala iphunga elithile, ukukhwehlela noma ikhala eligijimayo kungenzeka. Intuthu evela ezikhungweni zokukhiqiza ezinamathuba amaningi okuba nombala ophuzi noma onsundu.
Umthelela wentuthu emvelweni
Njengoba i-smog ingukuxinana okuphezulu kokungcola endaweni elinganiselwe, umphumela wayo emvelweni uyabonakala kakhulu. Imiphumela yentuthu ingahluka ngokuya ngokuthi ikuphi.
Imvamisa ukuhlala enkungwini yedolobha elikhulu, umuntu uqala ukuzwa ukuntuleka komoya, umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu emehlweni. Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukukhwehlela, ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezihambisana nohlelo lokuphefumula kanye nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kungenzeka. Intuthu inzima kakhulu kubantu abane-asthma. Ukuhlaselwa okubangelwa isenzo samakhemikhali, ngokungabikho kosizo olufike ngesikhathi, kungaholela ekufeni komuntu.
I-smog inomthelela ongemuhle kangako ezimileni. Ukukhishwa okuyingozi kungaguqula ihlobo libe yikwindla, ukuguga kungakabi isikhathi futhi kuphendule amahlamvu aphuzi. Inkungu enobuthi ihlangene nokuzola okude kwesinye isikhathi ibhubhisa ukutshalwa kwabalimi futhi ibangele ukufa kwezitshalo emasimini.
Isibonelo esivelele somthelela omkhulu wentuthu yezimboni emvelweni yidolobha laseKarabash esifundeni saseChelyabinsk. Ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yokusebenza kwensimbi yethusi lendawo, imvelo ihlupheke kakhulu kangangokuba umfula wendawo iSak-Elga unamanzi ane-asidi-orenji, futhi intaba eseduze nedolobha isilahlekelwe ngokuphelele uhlaza lwayo.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukwakheka kwentuthu?
Izindlela zokuvimbela umusi zilula futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi ngasikhathi sinye. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi kususwe imithombo yokungcola noma okungenani kuncishiswe isabelo sokukhishwa. Ukufeza le nhloso, kuyadingeka ukuthi uvuselele ngokungathi sína imishini yamabhizinisi, ufake izinhlelo zokuhlunga, futhi uthuthukise izinqubo zobuchwepheshe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kungaba yisinyathelo esikhulu ekulweni nentuthu.
Lezi zinyathelo zihlotshaniswa nemijovo emikhulu yezimali, ngakho-ke zenziwa kancane kakhulu nangokungabaza. Kungakho intuthu iya ngokuya ilengela phezu kwamadolobha, iphoqa abantu ukuthi bakhwehlele futhi bathembe umoya omusha.
