Kunezinkinga eziningi zemvelo e-Ukraine, kanti okuyiyona enkulu ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi asezimbonini asebenza kuleli, okungumthombo wokungcola. Futhi, ezolimo, inani elikhulu likadoti nemfucumfucu yasendlini eqinile kubangela ukulimaza imvelo.
Ukungcoliswa komoya
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamakhemikhali, i-metallurgical, amalahle, amandla, amabhizinisi okwakha imishini nokusetshenziswa kwezimoto, izinto eziyingozi zikhishwa emoyeni:
- ama-hydrocarbon;
- ukuhola;
- isibabule dioxide;
- i-carbon monoxide;
- i-nitrogen dioxide.
Isimo esingcoliswe kakhulu edolobheni laseKamenskoye. Izindawo zokuhlala ezinomoya ongcolile zihlanganisa iDnieper, Mariupol, Krivoy Rog, Zaporozhye, Kiev, njll.
Ukungcola kwe-Hydrosphere
Izwe linezinkinga ezinkulu ngemithombo yamanzi. Imifula namachibi amaningi kungcoliswe ngamanzi angcolile asekhaya nawezimboni, udoti, imvula ene-asidi. Futhi, amadamu, izikhungo zokuphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi nezinye izakhiwo zenza ingcindezi emizimbeni yamanzi, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuguqukeni kohulumeni bemifula. Izinhlelo zokuhambisa amanzi nokuhambisa indle ezisetshenziswa yizinsiza zomphakathi ziphelelwe yisikhathi, yingakho izingozi, ukuvuza nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinsizakusebenza kuvame kakhulu. Uhlelo lokuhlanzwa kwamanzi lunekhwalithi enganele, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, kufanele lihlanzwe ngokungeziwe ngezihlungi noma okungenani ngokubilisa.
Imizimba yamanzi engcolile yase-Ukraine:
- Dnieper;
- Ama-Seversky Donets;
- UKalmius;
- I-Western Bug.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwenhlabathi
Inkinga yokucekelwa phansi komhlaba ibhekwa njengengaphuthumi kangako. Eqinisweni, inhlabathi yase-Ukraine ivundile kakhulu, ngoba izwe lonke limbozwe umhlaba omnyama, kepha ngenxa yemisebenzi eyeqile yezolimo kanye nokungcola, inhlabathi iyaphela. Ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi ukuzala kuyehla minyaka yonke futhi ubukhulu besendlalelo se-humus buyancipha. Ngenxa yalokhu, lokhu kuholela emiphumeleni elandelayo:
- ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi;
- ukwenza usawoti enhlabathini;
- ukuguguleka komhlaba ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
- ukubhujiswa kwemvelo.
Akuzona zonke izinkinga zemvelo zase-Ukraine ezichazwe ngenhla. Isibonelo, izwe linenkinga enkulu ngodoti wasekhaya, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokulahleka kwemvelo. Isabalulekile imiphumela yokuqhuma kwesikhungo samandla enuzi saseChernobyl. Ukwenza ngcono isimo semvelo ezweni, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinguquko kwezomnotho, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungayilimazi imvelo kanye nokwenza izinyathelo zemvelo.
