Ingozi eyenzeka esikhungweni samandla kagesi eChernobyl ngo-Ephreli 26, 1986, yaba yinhlekelele yomhlaba wonke, ethathwa njengenhlekelele enkulu kunazo zonke ngekhulu lama-20. Lesi sigameko sasisendleleni yokuqhuma, ngoba ophendulayo wesikhungo samandla enuzi wacekelwa phansi ngokuphelele, futhi inani elikhulu lezinto ezinemisebe ye-radio langena emkhathini. Ifu elikhipha imisebe lakha emoyeni, elingasabalali kuphela ezindaweni eziseduze, kodwa futhi lafinyelela nasemazweni aseYurophu. Njengoba imininingwane ngokuqhuma kwesikhungo samandla enyukliya eChernobyl ingazange idalulwe, abantu abavamile babengazi ngokwenzekile. Abokuqala ukuqonda ukuthi kukhona okwenzekile emvelweni emhlabeni futhi kwahlaba umkhosi, kwakuyizifundazwe zaseYurophu.
Ngesikhathi kuqhuma isiteshi samandla enuzi saseChernobyl, ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, kwafa umuntu oyedwa kuphela, kwathi omunye wafa ngosuku olulandelayo ngokulimala kwakhe. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa naseminyakeni eyalandela, kwafa abantu abayi-134 ngokuvela kokugula kwemisebe. Laba ngabasebenzi baseziteshini namalungu ethimba lezokutakula. Bangaphezu kuka-100 000 abantu abahlala ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-30 eChernobyl bakhishwa ezindlini futhi kwadingeka bathole ikhaya elisha kwamanye amadolobha. Sekukonke, kwafika abantu abangu-600,000 bezosusa imiphumela yengozi, kwasetshenziswa izinsizakusebenza ezinkulu.
Imiphumela yenhlekelele yaseChernobyl imi kanje:
- ukulimala okukhulu kwabantu;
- ukugula ngemisebe nezifo zomdlavuza;
- izifo zokuzalwa kanye nezifo zofuzo;
- ukungcoliswa kwemvelo;
- ukwakheka kwendawo efile.
Isimo semvelo ngemuva kwengozi
Njengomphumela wenhlekelele yaseChernobyl, okungenani ama-200,000 sq. km eYurophu. Izwe lase-Ukraine, iBelarus neRussia lathinteka kakhulu, kepha futhi ukukhishwa kwemisebe efakwa endaweni ethile kwafakwa engxenyeni yase-Austria, Finland ne-Sweden. Lesi sehlakalo sithole amamaki aphezulu (amaphuzu ayi-7) esikalini semicimbi yenuzi.
I-biosphere yonakele ngokuphelele: umoya, imizimba yamanzi nenhlabathi kungcolisiwe. Izinhlayiya zemisebe zamboza izihlahla zePolesie, eziholele ekwakhiweni kweRed Forest - indawo engaphezulu kwamahektha angama-400 anemiphayini, ama-birches nezinye izinhlobo ezithintekile.
Umsakazo
I-radioactivity iguqula ukuqondisa kwayo, ngakho-ke kunezindawo ezingcolile, futhi kunezindawo ezihlanzekile lapho ungahlala khona. IChernobyl uqobo isivele ihlanzekile ngandlela thile, kepha kunezindawo ezinamandla eduze. Ososayensi bayaqaphela ukuthi i-ecosystem iyabuyiselwa lapha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezimbali. Ukukhula okusebenzayo kwezimila kuyabonakala, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zaqala ukuhlala emazweni ashiywe ngabantu: izinkozi ezinomsila omhlophe, inyathi, inyamazane, izimpisi, izingulube, ama-lynx, izinyamazane. Ama-Zoologists aqaphela ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwezilwane, futhi abheka ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene: izingxenye ezengeziwe zomzimba, usayizi owandisiwe. Ungathola amakati anamakhanda amabili, izimvu ezinemilenze eyisithupha, i-giant catfish. Konke lokhu kungumphumela wengozi yaseChernobyl, kanti imvelo idinga amashumi amaningi eminyaka, noma ngisho namakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, ukuze ilulame kule nhlekelele yezemvelo.
