Ososayensi bathi umsebenzi we-anthropogenic uthinta kabi isimo semvelo. Izinkinga zemvelo zamahlathi zingenye yezinkinga zomhlaba wonke zesikhathi sethu. Uma ihlathi libhujiswa, khona-ke impilo izonyamalala emhlabeni. Lokhu kudinga ukuqashelwa yilabo bantu abathembele kubo ukuphepha kwehlathi. Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babelihlonipha ihlathi, belithatha njengomondli futhi beliphatha ngokunakekela.
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okujulile akukhona nje ukubhujiswa kwezihlahla, kodwa futhi nezilwane, ukubhujiswa kwenhlabathi. Abantu abathembele emahlathini ngempilo yabo baba ngababaleki bemvelo njengoba belahlekelwa yindlela yokuziphilisa. Ngokuvamile, amahlathi ahlanganisa cishe u-30% wendawo yomhlaba. Okubaluleke kunakho konke eplanethi yamahlathi ashisayo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu amahlathi asenyakatho e-coniferous. Okwamanje, ukulondolozwa kwamahlathi kuyinkinga enkulu emazweni amaningi.
Amahlathi emvula
Ihlathi elishisayo linendawo ekhethekile emvelweni womhlaba. Ngeshwa, manje sekugawulwa kakhulu izihlahla emazweni aseLatin America, e-Asia, nase-Afrika. Isibonelo, eMadagascar, ama-90% ehlathi selicekiwe kakade. E-equatorial Africa, indawo yehlathi isikwe phakathi uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sangaphambi kwekoloniyali. Ngaphezulu kwama-40% amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo asetshenzisiwe eNingizimu Melika. Le nkinga kufanele ixazululwe hhayi kuphela endaweni, kepha nasemhlabeni jikelele, ngoba ukubhujiswa kwehlathi kuzoholela enhlekeleleni yemvelo kuyo yonke iplanethi. Uma ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ashisayo kungayeki, izilwane ezingama-80% ezihlala lapho manje zizofa.
Izindawo zokuxhashazwa kwamahlathi
Amahlathi eplanethi ayagawulwa ngenkuthalo, ngoba ukhuni lubalulekile futhi lusetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene:
- ekwakheni izindlu;
- embonini yefenisha;
- ekwenziweni kwabalele, izinqola, amabhuloho;
- ekwakheni imikhumbi;
- embonini yamakhemikhali;
- yokwenza iphepha;
- embonini kaphethiloli;
- ekwenziweni kwezinto zasendlini, izinsimbi zomculo, amathoyizi.
Ukuxazulula inkinga yokuxhashazwa kwamahlathi
Umuntu akumele angayinaki inkinga yokuxhashazwa kwamahlathi, ngoba ikusasa leplanethi yethu lincike ekusebenzeni kwalesi simiso semvelo. Ukunciphisa ukugawulwa kwezinkuni, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni. Okokuqala, ungaqoqa futhi unikeze iphepha lokungcola, ususe kusuka kubathwali bemininingwane yamaphepha uye kwabakagesi. Osomabhizinisi bangathuthukisa imisebenzi efana namapulazi asehlathini, lapho kuzotshalwa khona izinhlobo zemithi ezibalulekile. Ezingeni likahulumeni, kungenzeka kwandiswe inhlawulo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okungagunyaziwe futhi kwandiswe intela yokuthumela ngaphandle izingodo. Lapho isidingo sezinkuni sincipha, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kungenzeka kunciphe futhi.
