Ulwandle lwesibili ngobukhulu yi-Atlantic. Ubuso bolwandle ngaphansi kwamanzi bakheka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Ukwakheka kwe-Ocean kwaqala esikhathini seMesozoic, lapho i-supercontinent yahlukana yaba amazwekazi amaningana, athutha futhi ngenxa yalokho akha i-lithosphere yolwandle eyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kweziqhingi namazwekazi kwenzeka, okwafaka isandla ekushintsheni kogu nasendaweni ye-Atlantic Ocean. Kule minyaka eyizigidi ezingama-40 ezedlule, ichibi lolwandle belilokhu livuleka ku-eksisi eyodwa yomfula, eqhubeka kuze kube namuhla, kusukela amapuleti ahamba ngejubane elithile minyaka yonke.
Umlando wokufundwa kwe-Atlantic Ocean
I-Atlantic Ocean iye yahlolwa ngabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Imizila ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhweba yamaGreki asendulo nabaseCarthaginians, abaseFenike nabaseRoma badlula kuyo. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, abaseNorman bahamba ngomkhumbi baya ogwini lwaseGreenland, yize kunemithombo eqinisekisa ukuthi baluwela ngokuphelele ulwandle futhi bafika ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika.
Ngenkathi yokutholwa okukhulu kwendawo, ulwandle lwadlulwa yimikhankaso:
- B. Dias;
- H. Columbus;
- J. Cabot;
- UVasco da Gama;
- F. Magellan.
Ekuqaleni, kwakukholakala ukuthi amatilosi awela ulwandle, avule indlela entsha eya e-India, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavela ukuthi lo ngumhlaba omusha. Ukuthuthukiswa kogu olusenyakatho ye-Atlantic kwaqhubeka ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha neshumi nesikhombisa leminyaka, kwaqanjwa amabalazwe, inqubo yokuqoqa imininingwane mayelana nendawo yamanzi, isimo sezulu, izinkomba kanye nokushesha kwemisinga yolwandle yayiqhubeka.
Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili neshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo nokutadisha i-Atlantic Ocean kungokukaG. Elis, J. Cook, I. Kruzenshtern, E. Lenz, J. Ross. Bafunda umbuso wamanzi okushisa futhi bakha imigwaqo yasogwini, bafunda ukujula kolwandle nezici zaphansi.
Kusukela ngekhulu lama-20 kuze kube namuhla, kwenziwa ucwaningo oluyisisekelo e-Atlantic Ocean. Lesi isifundo se-oceanographic, ngosizo lwamadivayisi akhethekile, okuvumela ukutadisha hhayi kuphela umbuso wamanzi wendawo yamanzi, kodwa futhi nesimo sendawo esingezansi, izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi nezilwane. Iphinde ifunde ukuthi isimo sezulu sasolwandle sithinta kanjani isimo sezulu sezwekazi.
Ngakho-ke, i-Atlantic Ocean iyisimo semvelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu, oyingxenye ye-World Ocean. Kudingeka ifundwe, ngoba inomthelela omkhulu emvelweni, futhi ekujuleni kolwandle kuvula umhlaba wemvelo omangalisayo.
