Izwe elimangalisayo lolwandle olujulile lubhekwa ngokufanele njengezinhlobonhlobo kakhulu futhi ezinemibala. Izilwane ezingaphansi kwamanzi zihlala ziyindawo enkulu, engahloliwe kuze kube namuhla. Kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala sengathi abantu bazi amaplanethi amaningi kunezinto zasolwandle. Olunye lwalezi zinhlobo ezingaziwa kakhulu uqhwaku olunemilomo, isilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle esivela ngokulandelana kwama-cetaceans. Ukutadisha imikhuba kanye nenani lalezi zilwane kuphazanyiswa ukufana kwazo nabamele eminye imindeni. Lokhu kungenxa yenkinga yokuhlonza, ngoba ukubuka kaningi kwenziwa ebangeni elithile.
Incazelo
Umkhomo onomlomo noma owomlomo okhephuzelayo ngumkhomo osemkhatsini ofinyelela ku-6-7 m ubude, unesisindo esifinyelela kumathani amathathu. Imvamisa abesifazane bakhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa. Lezi zinzalo zinde - cishe amamitha ayi-2.1. Umzimba ungamadevu, umile okokuphotha. Inhloko inkulu futhi yakha u-10% womzimba wonke. Umlomo uqotho. Abesilisa abadala banamazinyo amabili amakhulu emhlathini ongezansi, osayizi ongafika ku-8 cm. Kwabesifazane, ama-canine awaqhumi. Kodwa-ke, abantu abathile batholakale benamazinyo awu-15-40. Njengabo bonke abamele ama-cetaceans, intamo yomlomo inemifudlana esebenza njengama-gill.
Amaphiko mancane, ayindilinga ukumila, okuthi, uma kunesidingo, agobeke emakhethini noma "emaphaketheni okuphenya". Umphetho ongaphezulu uphakeme kakhulu, ufinyelela ku-40 cm futhi ufana noshaka omile.
Umbala uyehluka kuye ngendawo yokuhlala. Emanzini oLwandlekazi iPacific nolweNdiya, imvamisa iba nombala ophuzi noma onsundu ngombala. Izisu zilula ukwedlula ngemuva. Inhloko icishe ibe mhlophe ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa abadala. Emanzini ase-Atlantic, imilomo enemilomo iba mpunga-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha enekhanda elimhlophe njalo namabala amnyama azungeze amehlo.
Ukusabalalisa nezinombolo
Imilomo ye-cuvier isatshalaliswa kakhulu emanzini anosawoti azo zonke izilwandle, kusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo kuya ezifundeni ezisemaphethelweni womabili ama-hemispheres. Ububanzi bazo buhlanganisa iningi lamanzi asolwandle emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwezindawo zamanzi angajulile nezindawo eziphakeme.
Zitholakala futhi ezilwandle eziningi ezivaliwe njengeCaribbean, Japan kanye ne-Okhotsk. EGulf of California naseMexico. Okuhlukile kungamanzi oLwandle iBaltic kanye neBlack Black, kepha-ke, yilona kuphela omele ama-cetaceans ahlala ezinzulwini zaseMedithera.
Isibalo esiqondile salezi zilwane ezincelisayo asikatholakali. Ngokuya ngemininingwane evela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zocwaningo, kusukela ngo-1993, kwabhalwa abantu ababalelwa ku-20 000 e-Pacific Ocean esempumalanga nasendaweni eshisayo. Ukuhlaziywa kabusha kwempahla efanayo, elungiswe abantu abalahlekile, kukhombise ama-80,000. Ngokwezibalo ezahlukahlukene, cishe kune-16-17 izinkulungwane zomlomo woqhwaku esifundeni saseHawaii.
Imikhomo eminyene kaCuvier ngokungangabazeki iphakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zama-cetacean emhlabeni. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yokuqala, inani eliphelele kufanele lifinyelele ku-100 000. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane eningiliziwe ngosayizi nezitayela zabantu ayitholakali.
Imikhuba nokudla okunempilo
Yize uqhwaku lweCuvier lungatholakala ekujuleni okungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-200, bakhetha amanzi asezwekazini anendawo yolwandle eweni. Imininingwane evela ezinhlanganweni zokukhishwa kwemikhumbi eJapan ikhombisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezincane zitholakala kakhulu ekujuleni okukhulu. Kuyaziwa eziqhingini eziningi zasolwandle nakwezinye izilwandle eziphakathi nezwe. Kodwa-ke, kuyaqabukela ihlala eduze nogu olusenkabeni yezwe. Okuhlukile kunemihosha engaphansi kwamanzi noma izindawo ezinompheme omncane wezwekazi namanzi asogwini ajulile. Ngokuyinhloko uhlobo lwe-pelagic, olukhawulelwe yi-100C isotherm kanye ne-1000m ye-bathymetric contour.
Njengayo yonke imikhomo, uqhwaku luthanda ukuzingela ekujuleni, ukumunca inyamazane emlonyeni wayo eduze kakhulu. Ukushayelwa ngamaminithi angama-40 kubhaliwe.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqukethwe yisisu kwenza kube lula ukuthola iziphetho mayelana nokudla, okuqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-squid ajulile olwandle, izinhlanzi nama-crustaceans. Zondla ezansi kakhulu nasekholamu yamanzi.
Imvelo
Izinguquko ku-biocenosis endaweni yezindebe zomlomo ziholela ekushintsheni kwendawo yazo. Kodwa-ke, bekungenakwenzeka ukuthola ukuhlobana okuqondile phakathi kokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi nokuhamba kwalezi zinhlanzi. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwemvelo kuzoholela ekwehleni kwabantu. Yize lo mkhuba usebenza hhayi kuphela emilonyeni.
Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zolwandle, akukho ukuzingela okuvulekile komlomo. Baye bayishaye inetha ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha lokhu okuhlukile kunalokho okuvamile.
Umthelela obikezelwe wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele emvelweni yasolwandle ungathinta lezi zinhlobo zemikhomo, kodwa uhlobo lwemithelela alucaci.
