Kuhunyushwe kusuka eMongolia "Gobi" - umhlaba ngaphandle kwamanzi noma ugwadule. Leli hlane yilona elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Asia, elinendawo ephelele engamakhilomitha-skwele angaba yizigidi eziyi-1.3. IGobi, futhi njengoba lalibizwa kanjalo endulo, ugwadule iShamamo, lwelula imingcele yalo kusukela emigqeni yezintaba zeTien Shan neAltai kuya emaphethelweni ethafa elisenyakatho neChina, enyakatho idlula ngokushelela emathafeni angapheli aseMongolia, eningizimu engena esigodini somfula. U-Huang He.
Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka iGobi ibingumngcele womhlaba owakhiwe onesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, uqhubeke nokuheha abafuna ukuzijabulisa nabathandana naye. Ubuhle obuqoshwe ngokwemvelo ngamatshe, amaxhaphozi kasawoti nesihlabathi kwenza leli hlane libe ngelinye lamahle kakhulu emhlabeni.
Isimo sezulu
Ugwadule lwaseGobi lunesimo sezulu esibuhlungu kakhulu esingazange sishintshe amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka. IGobi itholakala ebangeni elingamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwesigamu nengxenye ngaphezulu kolwandle. Izinga lokushisa ehlobo lapha likhuphuka ngaphezu kwamadijithi angamashumi amane nanhlanu, kanti ebusika lingehla liye ku-40. Ngaphezu kwamazinga okushisa anjalo, imimoya ebandayo enamandla, isihlabathi nothuli izivunguvungu azivamile ogwadule. Izinga lokushisa lehla phakathi kwemini nobusuku lingafinyelela kuma-degree angama-35.
Ngokumangazayo, kunemvula enkulu kuleli hlane, kuze kufike kumamilimitha angama-200. Imvula eningi yenzeka ngesimo seemvula ezingena ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kukaMeyi noSepthemba. Ebusika, iqhwa eliningi lilethwa lisuka ezintabeni zaseSiberia eseNingizimu, elincibilikisa futhi limanzise inhlabathi. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu zogwadule, isimo sezulu sinomswakama kakhulu ngenxa yezimvula ezilethwe oLwandlekazi iPacific.
Izimila
IGobi yehlukene ngezimbali zayo. Izitshalo ezivame kakhulu ogwadule yilezi:
ISaksaul isihlahla noma isihlahla esincane esinamagatsha amaningi agwegwile. Kubhekwa njengophethiloli ohamba phambili emhlabeni.
IKaragana iyisihlahlana esifinyelela kumamitha amahlanu ukuphakama. Ngaphambilini, upende wawutholakala kumagxolo alesi sihlahlana. Manje asetshenziswa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa noma ukuqinisa imithambeka.
IGrebenshik, elinye igama le-tamarisk, isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza noma isihlahla esincane. Ikhula ikakhulu ngasemifuleni, kepha ingatholakala nasezindundumeni zesihlabathi samaGobi.
Njengoba uya eningizimu uye ehlane, izimila ziba ncane. Ubulembu, izihlahlana ezincane nezinye izitshalo ezikhula kancane ziqala ukubusa. Abamele abavelele bezindawo eziseningizimu yi-rhubarb, i-astragalus, i-saltpeter, i-thermopsis nabanye.
I-Rhubarb
I-Astragalus
Selitryanka
I-Thermopsis
Ezinye izitshalo zineminyaka engamakhulu ayisithupha ubudala.
Izilwane
Ummeli ogqame kakhulu emhlabeni wezilwane oGwadule lwaseGobi yiBactrian (ikamela elinama-humped amabili).
Ikamela leBactrian - iBactrian
Leli kamela lihlukaniswa noboya obukhulu, obuziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
Ummeleli wesibili owaziwa kakhulu wezilwane yihhashi likaPrzewalski.
Futhi inenqwaba ejiyile evumela ukuthi iphile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zasogwadule.
Futhi-ke, ummeleli omangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni wezilwane oGwadule lwaseGobi yiMazalai noma iGobi Brown Bear.
Eningizimu yesiqiwu iBig Gobi Reserve yindawo yokuhlala yeMazalaya. Leli bhere libhalwe kuRed Book futhi lingaphansi kokuvikelwa nguhulumeni, ngoba cishe angama-30 emhlabeni.
Izibankwa, amagundane (ikakhulukazi ama-hamsters), izinyoka, ama-arachnids (omele kakhulu isicabucabu samakamela), izimpungushe, amahare kanye nama-hedgehogs nawo ahlala ezinhlobonhlobo zasogwadule.
Isicabucabu sekamela
Izinyoni
Umhlaba onezimpaphe nawo uhlukile - ama-bustard, ama-crane asemaqeleni, izinkozi, amanqe, ama-buzzards.
I-Bustard
I-steppe crane
Ukhozi
Inqe
USarych
Indawo
Ugwadule lwaseGobi lutholakala cishe ezindaweni ezinjengeCentral Europe kanye nenyakatho ye-United States. Ugwadule luthinta amazwe amabili - ingxenye eseningizimu yeMongolia kanye nenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina. Yelula cishe amakhilomitha angama-800 ububanzi namakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5 ubude.
Imephu Yasogwadule
Ukukhululwa
Impumuzo yasogwadule yehlukile. Lezi yizindunduma zesihlabathi, imithambeka eyomile yezintaba, ama-steppes amatshe, amahlathi e-saxaul, amagquma anamatshe nemibhede yemifula eseyome iminyaka eminingi. Izindunduma zithatha amaphesenti amahlanu kuphela kuyo yonke insimu yasogwadule, ingxenye eyinhloko yayo inamadwala.
Ososayensi bahlukanisa izifunda ezinhlanu:
- Alashan Gobi (semi-desert);
- UGashun Gobi (isithembu sogwadule);
- Dzungarian Gobi (semi-desert);
- ITrans-Altai Gobi (ugwadule);
- IMongolia Gobi (ugwadule).
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- AmaShayina alubiza lolu hlane oluyiKhan-Khal noma ulwandle olomile, okuyiqiniso ngokwengxenye. Emva kwakho konke, lapho insimu yeGwadule laseGobi yayingezansi kolwandle lwaseTesis lasendulo.
- Indawo yaseGobi icishe ilingane nendawo ephelele yaseSpain, France neJalimane.
- Kubalulekile futhi ukuphawula iqiniso elithakazelisayo lokuthi remains yazo zonke izidalwa ze-dinosaur ezitholakele emhlabeni zatholwa eGobi.
- Njenganoma iluphi ugwadule, iGobi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iyayandisa indawo yayo futhi ukuze igweme ukulahleka kwamadlelo, iziphathimandla zaseChina zatshala udonga oluhlaza lwemithi lwaseChina.
- IGreat Silk Road, edlula isuka eChina iye eYurophu, yadlula oGwadule lwaseGobi futhi kwaba isigaba esinzima kakhulu ukudlula.
