I-savannah yase-Afrika iyindawo yokuhlala engafani nenye emhlabeni. Cishe amamayela ayisikwele ayizigidi ezi-5 acebile ngokuhlukahluka kwemvelo okungatholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Isisekelo sayo yonke impilo, etholakala kulesi sikwele, ngubuningi obumangalisayo bezimila.
Lesi sifunda sinezintaba ezigingqikayo, amahlathi aminyene nezihlahla ezinesizungu ezisakazeke lapha nalaphaya. Lezi zitshalo zase-Afrika ziguqulelwe ngokuhlukile ezimweni ezingenakuhlala kahle, zisebenzisa amasu aphefumulayo okubhekana nesimo sezulu esomile.
I-Baobab
I-baobab yisihlahla esinqumayo esinobude obungamamitha ayi-5 kuye kwangama-20. I-Baobabs yizihlahla ze-savanna ezibukeka zingajwayelekile ezikhula ezindaweni eziphansi e-Afrika futhi zikhule zibe ngosayizi omkhulu kakhulu, i-carbon dating ikhombisa ukuthi zingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-3 000.
Utshani beBermuda
Imelana nokushisa nesomiso, inhlabathi eyomile, ngakho ilanga elishisa kakhulu lase-Afrika ezinyangeni ezishisayo alisomisi lesi sitshalo. Utshani buphila ngaphandle kokunisela izinsuku ezingama-60 kuya kwezingama-90. Esimweni sezulu esomile, utshani buba nsundu, kodwa buyalulama ngokushesha ngemuva kwemvula enamandla.
Utshani bendlovu
Utshani obude bukhula ngamaqembu aminyene, bufike ebangeni eliphakeme lamamitha amathathu. Imiphetho yamaqabunga ibukhali njengensingo. Emathafeni ase-Afrika, ikhula eceleni kwemibhede yamachibi nemifula. Abalimi bendawo basika utshani bezilwane, babulethe ekhaya ngezinqwaba ezinkulu emhlane noma ezinqoleni.
I-Persimmon medlar
Isihlahla sifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-25, isiqu sesiqu singaphezu kwamamitha ayi-5. Sinesigaxa esivundile esihlala siluhlaza samaqabunga. Amagxolo amnyama ngombala ompunga ngombala ogqamile. Umgodla omusha wangaphakathi wegxolo ubomvu. Ngentwasahlobo, amaqabunga amasha abomvu, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezisencane.
Mongongo
Ithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile esinemvula encane, ikhula emagqumeni anezinkuni nezindunduma zesihlabathi. Isiqu esikhulu esiqonde ngamamitha ayi-15-20 ukuphakama kuhlotshiswe ngamagatsha amafushane futhi agobile, umqhele omkhulu osakazekayo. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani ngombala, cishe angama-15 cm ubude.
I-combretum ebomvu ebomvu
Yisihlahla esisodwa noma esinezici eziningi ukuphakama okungu-3-10 m ngesiqu esifushane, esigobile kanye nomqhele osakazekayo. Amagatsha amade, amancane anika isihlahla ukubukeka kweminyezane. Ikhula ezifundeni ezinemvula ephezulu. Amagxolo abushelelezi ampunga, ompunga omnyama noma ompunga onsundu.
Umtholo osontekile
Kwenzeka ezindundumeni zesihlabathi, emaweni anamadwala, ezigodini ezinentaba yonke, kugwema izindawo ezinesikhukhula ngezikhathi ezithile. Lesi sihlahla sikhula ezindaweni ezinemvula yaminyaka yonke engama-40 mm kuye kwayi-1200 mm ngezinkathi ezomile zezinyanga eziyi-1-12, sithanda inhlabathi ene-alkaline, kepha futhi sihlanganisa nenhlabathi enosawoti, i-gypsum.
Inyoka ye-Acacia
I-Acacia inezinsika ezifika ku-7 cm ubude. Amanye ameva ayize futhi ayikhaya lezintuthwane. Izinambuzane zenza izimbobo kuzo. Lapho kuvunguza umoya, kubonakala sengathi umuthi uyacula njengoba umoya udlula emeveni angenalutho. I-Acacia inamaqabunga. Izimbali zimhlophe. Ama-pod pods amade futhi imbewu iyadliwa.
Umtholo waseSenegal
Ngaphandle, iyisihlahlana esinqumayo noma isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo esifinyelela ku-15 m ubude. Amagxolo anombala ophuzi onsundu noma onsomi onsundu, anokhahlo noma abushelelezi, imifantu ejulile igijima ngeziqu zezihlahla ezindala. Umqhele uyindilinga kancane noma uyisicaba.
I-Acacia iba mhlophe
Isihlahla esibusayo esibucayi sibukeka njengesihlahla somtholo, size sifinyelele kumamitha angama-30. Sine-taproot ejulile, efinyelela kumamitha angama-40. Amagatsha awo anameva abhanqiwe, amaqabunga anezimpaphe anamaqabunga ayi-6-23 amaqabunga amancane ama-oblong. Isihlahla sichitha amaqabunga aso ngaphambi kwesikhathi semvula, asithathi umswakama obalulekile enhlabathini.
Indlulamithi ye-Acacia
Isihlahlana sikhula kusuka ku-2 m ukuphakama siye esihlahleni esikhulu se-20 m ezimweni ezivumayo. Amagxolo anombala ompunga noma onsundu ngokumnyama, agobeke ngokujulile, amagatsha amancane anombala obomvu ngokubomvu. Imisipha iyakhiwa, icishe ifike ngqo ku-6 cm ubude ngezisekelo ezimhlophe noma ezinsundu.
Amafutha esundu
Isihlahla somuthi wesundu esihlala sinombala owodwa onesiqu esisodwa sikhula size sifike kumamitha angama-20 kuya kwangu-30. Phezulu kwesiqu esiqondile esingahlanjululwa esihlahleni esingama-22-75 cm ububanzi kukhona umqhele wamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani afinyelela kumamitha ayi-8 ubude nesiketi samaqabunga afile.
Usuku lwesundu
Intende yesundu ingumcebo oyinhloko wesifunda saseJerid eningizimu yeTunisia. Isimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo sivumela isihlahla ukuthi sikhule futhi izinsuku zivuthwe. "Isundu lihlala emanzini, kanti ikhanda liselangeni," kusho izakhamuzi zakulesi sifunda. Umuthi wesundu ukhiqiza kufika ku-100 kg wamadethi ngonyaka.
Isandla se-Doom
Isihlahla sesundu esihlala siluhlaza esinezitshalo eziningi sikhula size sifinyelele kumamitha ayi-15. Isiqu sino-15 cm ububanzi. Lesi ngesinye sezihlahla zesundu esinamagatsha asezinhlangothini. Izinkulungwane zeminyaka eGibhithe, isundu laliwumthombo wokudla, lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwemithi nezinye izimpahla.
IPandanus
Umuthi wesundu unamahlamvu amahle athanda ilanga, uhlinzeka abantu nezilwane ngomthunzi nendawo yokukhosela, izithelo ziyadliwa. Umuthi wesundu ukhula ezindaweni ezishisayo ezisogwini ezinomswakama. Iqala impilo ngesiqu esinamathele ngokuqinile emhlabathini, kepha iyaphela futhi ithathelwe indawo ngokuphelele yinqwaba yezimpande.
Isiphetho
Inselelo enkulu kunazo zonke ebhekene nanoma yikuphi ukuphila eSavana yimvula engalingani. Ngokuya ngesifunda, i-savanna ithola imvula engama-50 kuye ku-120 cm ngonyaka. Yize lokhu kubonakala kwanele, lina izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili. Kodwa phakathi nonyaka wonke, umhlaba ucishe womile ngokuphelele.
Okubi kakhulu ukuthi ezinye izifunda zithola imvula eyi-15cm kuphela, okuyenza ibe nomoya wokungenisa izihambi kancane kunezingwadule. I-Tanzania inezinkathi ezimbili zemvula ngesikhawu esingangezinyanga ezimbili phakathi kwazo. Ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile, izimo ziyoma kangangokuba imililo ejwayelekile iyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo e-savannah.
