I-Russian desman (desman, khokhula, lat. Desmana moschata) Isilwane esincelisayo esithakazelisa kakhulu esihlala ikakhulu engxenyeni emaphakathi yeRussia, nase-Ukraine, Lithuania, Kazakhstan naseBelarus. Lesi yisilwane esikhona (okuyizindawo ezikhona kuphela), esasitholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kepha manje kuphela emilonyeni ye-Dnieper, Don, Ural neVolga. Eminyakeni engama-50 edlule, inani lalezi zilwane ezinhle lehlile lisuka kwabangu-70,000 laya kwabangama-35,000. Ngakho-ke, baba nodumo kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngemuva kokungena emakhasini eRed Book, njengohlobo olungajwayelekile olusengozini.
Incazelo
UDesman, noma u-hokhulya - (ngesiLatin Desmana moschata) ungowomndeni wemvukuzane, kusukela ku-oda wezinambuzane. Kuyisilwane esingenampilo esihlala emhlabeni, kepha sibheka inyamazane ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ubukhulu be-crest abudluli ku-18-22 cm, bunesisindo esingama-gramu angama-500, bunomlomo oguquguqukayo oguqukayo nekhala elifana nesiqu. Amehlo amancane, izindlebe namakhala avale ngaphansi kwamanzi. I-desman yaseRussia inemilenze emifushane, eneminwe emihlanu ene-septa yolwelwesi. Imilenze yangemuva mikhulu kunaleyo yangaphambili. Izipikili zinde, zibukhali futhi zigobile.
Uboya besilwane buhlukile. Ikhulu kakhulu, ithambile, ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ifakwe uketshezi olunamafutha ukwandisa i-glide. Ukwakheka kwenqwaba kuyamangaza - mncane empandeni futhi unwebeke ngasekupheleni. Ingemuva kuyimpunga emnyama, isisu sikhanya ngokukhanyayo noma mpunga osiliva.
Umsila we-desman uyathakazelisa - ungafika ku-20 cm ubude; unophawu olumiswe njengepheya phansi, lapho kunezindlala ezikhipha iphunga elithile. Lokhu kulandelwa uhlobo lwendandatho, kanti ukuqhubeka komsila kuyisicaba, kumbozwe izikali, futhi maphakathi nakho kunemicu eqinile.
Izilwane cishe aziboni, ngakho-ke zihlala esikhaleni ngenxa yomqondo othuthukisiwe wephunga nokuthinta. Izinwele ezizwelayo zikhula emzimbeni, kuthi ama-vibrissa amade akhule emakhaleni. Indoda yaseRussia inamazinyo angama-44.
Indawo yokuhlala kanye nendlela yokuphila
U-desman waseRussia uhlala osebeni lwamachibi ahlanzekile ezikhukhula, amachibi nemifula. Kuyisilwane sasebusuku. Bamba imingxuma yabo emhlabathini. Imvamisa kuba nokuphuma okukodwa kuphela futhi kuholele echibini. Ubude bomhubhe bufinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Ehlobo bahlala ngokuhlukile, ebusika, inani lezilwane ku-mink eyodwa lingafinyelela kubantu abayi-10-15 bobulili obuhlukile nobudala.
Ukudla okunomsoco
AmaHohuli yizilwane ezidla abantu abahlala ezansi. Zihamba ngosizo lwemilenze yazo yangemuva, lezi zilwane zisebenzisa isifonyo sazo eside esithuthekayo ukuze “zihlole” futhi “zihogele” izimbungulu ezincane, izingwe, izibungu, izinambuzane, ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ebusika, bangadla futhi batshale ukudla.
Ngaphandle kosayizi wabo omncane, u-desman udla kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuthola ama-gramu angama-500 ngosuku. ukudla, okungukuthi, inani elilingana nesisindo salo.
U-desman waseRussia udla isibungu
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Isikhathi sokuzala kabusha ku-desman siqala ngemuva kokuthomba eneminyaka eyishumi. Imidlalo yokukhwelana, njengomthetho, ihambisana nokulwa kwabesilisa nemisindo emnene yabesifazane abakulungele ukukhwelana.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, emva kwalokho kuzalwa inzalo eyimpumputhe enesisindo esingu-2-3 g. Imvamisa, abesifazane bazala izinyane elilodwa kuya kweziyisihlanu. Kungakapheli nenyanga baqala ukudla ukudla kwabantu abadala, kuthi ngemuva kokunye okunye bakwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele.
Isenzakalo esivamile sabesifazane yinzalo engu-2 ngonyaka. Ukuphakama kokuzala entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, nasekwindla sekwephuzile, ekuqaleni kobusika.
Isikhathi esiphilwa endle yiminyaka emi-4. Ekuthunjweni, izilwane zihlala kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5.
Inani labantu nokuvikelwa
Ama-paleontologists afakazela ukuthi i-desman yaseRussia igcine izinhlobo zayo zingashintshi iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-30-40. futhi yahlala yonke indawo yaseYurophu. Namuhla, inani kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu bakhona zehle kakhulu. Kunemizimba emincane ehlanzekile yamanzi, imvelo ingcolisiwe, amahlathi ayagawulwa.
Ukuphepha, Desmana moschata kufakwe eRed Book laseRussia njengokuncipha kwezinhlobo zezilwane eziphindaphindayo ezingafani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa izinqolobane nezinqolobane eziningana zokutadisha nokuvikelwa kwekhokhul.
