I-Koi carps, noma i-brocade carps, yizinhlanzi ezihlotshisiwe ezifuywayo ezazalelwa kuma-Amur subspecies (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) we-carp ovamile (i-Cyprinus carpio). I-Brocade carp ifaka phakathi izinhlanzi ezidlulise ukukhethwa okuyisithupha futhi zabelwe isigaba esithile. Namuhla, inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo ze-koi zitholakala eJapane, kepha yizinhlobo eziyishumi nane kuphela ezinemibala eyisisekelo ezibhekwa njengezinga elijwayelekile.
Incazelo, ukubukeka
Lapho kuhlolisiswa i-koi carp, kunakwa kakhulu umthethosisekelo jikelele wenhlanzi, ukuma kwekhanda namaphiko, kanye nobukhulu bawo obuhlobene. Okuncamelayo kunikezwa abesifazane abanomzimba onamandla. Abesilisa bavame kakhulu ukuba sezingeni lofuzo bancishwa ithuba lokuthola ivolumu edingekayo. Usayizi nokuma kwamaphiko kufanele kube ngokulingana nomzimba. Ikhanda le-koi alikwazi ukuba mfushane kakhulu, libe lide kakhulu, noma lisonteke ohlangothini olulodwa.
Ukuthungwa kwesikhumba nokubukeka kubalulekile ngokulinganayo lapho kuhlolwa i-koi carp. Izinhlanzi kufanele zijule futhi zibe namandla ngokuhlanganiswa kombala okuhle kakhulu. Isikhumba kufanele sibe nokukhanya okunempilo. Okuncamelayo kunikezwa kuma-specimens anezindawo zombala ezichazwe kahle nezilinganiswe kahle. Ukuba khona kwezindawo "ezisindayo" zombala ngaphambili, emsileni noma maphakathi nomzimba akwamukelekile. Kuzinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu, umdwebo kufanele ube mkhulu ngokwanele ngosayizi.
Lapho uhlola i-koi, umuntu kufanele abheke ukucaciswa kwezidingo zokubukeka kohlobo ngalunye oluthile, kanye nekhono le-carp lokuzigcina lithembekile emanzini nokubhukuda kahle.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yemvelo ye-koi carp imelwe ngamachibi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhwalithi yamanzi kulezi zinqolobane ibaluleke kakhulu. Vele, izinhlanzi ezinjalo, ngokungafani nokhokho bazo, zihlala namuhla kuphela emachibini okufakelwa ahlanzekile futhi anomoya omuhle. U-Koi uzizwa ekhululekile kakhulu ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-50, kepha izinhlanzi ezinjalo ezikhanyayo nezinemibala azihli zijule ngaphezu kwemitha nengxenye.
Izinhlobo ze-Koi carp
Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezulu kweshumi nesishiyagalombili kuphela zama-koi, okuthi, ukuze kube lula, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayishumi nesithupha. Abamele la maqembu bahlanganiswe izici ezivamile:
- I-Kohaku yinhlanzi emhlophe enephethini ebomvu ebomvu noma e-orenji ebomvu enemingcele echazwe kahle. Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-kohaku ngohlobo lwephethini;
- I-Taisho Sanshoku - i-koi carp emhlophe njengeqhwa enamabala abomvu namnyama ngemuva okumhlophe;
- I-Showa Sanshoku iyinhlobonhlobo ethandwayo yombala omnyama ngokufakwa okumhlophe nokubomvu;
- I-Utsurimono iyinhlobonhlobo ethokozisayo ye-black koi carp enezimpawu eziningi ezinemibala;
- I-Bekko iyi-carp ye-koi enesizinda somzimba obomvu, o-orenji, omhlophe noma ophuzi, lapho izindawo ezimnyama zitholakala ngokulinganayo khona;
- ITancho iyinhlobo enendawo ebomvu ekhanda. Ama-specimens anendawo eyindilinga aziswa kakhulu;
- I-Asagi - koi carps enezikali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezimpunga ngemuva nesisu esibomvu noma esisawolintshi;
- I-Shusui - uhlobo lwesibuko se-carp esinemigqa emibili yezikali ezinkulu, ezitholakala kusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni;
- I-Koromo - inhlanzi efana nekohaku ngokubukeka, kepha izindawo ezibomvu nezimnyama-zibomvu zihlukaniswa ngokuhlelwa okumnyama;
- I-Knginrin - i-carps, ehluke ngemibala ehlukene ngokuba khona kwe-pearlescent nokuchichima kwegolide, okuncono kokuhluka kwesakhiwo sezikali;
- AmaKavarimono angabamele i-carp, okuthi ngenxa yezizathu eziningi kungabangelwa amazinga asezingeni akhona;
- I-Fire - koi carps enombala omkhulu we-monochromatic, kepha kunezinhlanzi ezibomvu, ezolintshi neziphuzi, kanye nezimpunga;
- IHikari-moyomono - inhlanzi yokuhlobisa, ehlukaniswa ubukhona bensimbi ekhanyayo nemibala ehlukahlukene;
- IGosiki - inhlobonhlobo ye-carp emnyama, enombala ophuzi, obomvu noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- I-Kumonryu - "inhlanzi yedrako" yombala omnyama, ebonakala ngokuba khona kwamabala amhlophe osayizi abahlukene;
- IDoitsu-goi yizinhlobonhlobo ezingenazo izikali noma ezinemigqa eminingana yesikali esikhulu ngokwanele.
Abamele bazo zonke izinhlobo babukeka bethakazelisa hhayi kuphela emachibini okufakelwa, kepha nasemithonjeni yesimanje yasemadolobheni enokukhanya okuhlobisa.
Akwaziwa ukuthi luhlobo luni lohlobo lwesibindi sesikhathi eside se-koi, kepha lo muntu ukwazile ukuhlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-226, kanti enkulu kunazo zonke kwakuyi-specimen, eyayinobude obungu-153 cm kanye nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-45 kg.
Ukugcina i-koi carp
Ngaphandle kokuthi amachibi ahlanzekile akulungele kangcono ukuzalanisa i-koi carp, ama-aquarists amaningi asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngempumelelo agcina izinhlanzi ezinhle kangaka zokuhlobisa ekhaya.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Aquarium, ivolumu
Izidumbu ze-Koi ziyizinhlanzi zokuhlobisa ezingenasizotha, futhi kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ubumsulwa bemvelo yasemanzini, lapho befuna khona kakhulu. Uhlelo lwamanzi asebenzayo olunzulu aludingeki, kepha izinguquko masonto onke kufanele zibhekele cishe u-30% wokuqukethwe okuphelele kwe-aquarium.
Ngokuzalisa i-koi, kunconywa ukuthi uthenge ama-aquariums anomthamo cishe wamalitha angama-500 anokuhlunga okunamandla nokuhlala njalo ngohlobo lwezihlungi zangaphandle. Ukugcwaliswa njalo kwamanzi nomoya kuyimfuneko yokugcina yonke imithambo ekhaya. I-pH enhle ingu-7.0-7.5 (amanani ebhalansi angathathi hlangothi). U-Koi uzizwa ekhululekile ekushiseni kwamanzi okungu-15-30mayelanaKUSUKA.
I-carp koi ekhanyayo neselula ibukeka izuzisa ikakhulukazi kusizinda esimnyama nesine-monochromatic, okumele kubhekwe lapho kukhethwa inketho ye-aquarium yokugcina izinhlanzi ezinjalo.
Ukuhlobisa, izimila
Umhlabathi we-aquarium ungamelwa yisihlabathi esiphakathi noma esihle. Konke ukuxhumana kwezansi kufanele kulungiswe ngokuphepha nge-silicone ekhethekile futhi kumbozwe ungqimba lwesihlabathi. Izimila eziningi nokuhlobisa okukhanyayo kuzoba ngokweqile lapho kugcinwa i-koi. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amabhodwe ngeminduze yamanzi noma ezinye izitshalo, ezingaphanyekwa ekuphakameni okungu-10-15 cm ukusuka phansi.
Ezimweni zokugcina i-aquarium, i-koi carps kuyaqabukela ikhule ibe ngosayizi abakhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ubude bayo obukhulu buba ngu-25-35 cm kuphela.
Uhlamvu, isimilo
I-Brocade carps yizinhlanzi ezinokuthula zasemanzini, ukuzigcina njengezilwane ezifuywayo akunzima noma kuyinkinga. Ochwepheshe bezakhamuzi zasemanzini ezingavamile kangako bavame ukukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi ezihlobisayo zinobuhlakani, ziyakwazi ukubona umnikazi wazo futhi zisheshe zijwayele izwi lakhe.
Uma inqubo yokondla ihambisana njalo nemisindo ethambile ngesimo sokushaya kancane ingilazi, khona-ke ama-koi carps azobakhumbula futhi azophendula ngenkuthalo ekusondeleni kwesikhathi sokudla.
Ukudla, ukudla
Izilwane ezifuywayo zokuhlobisa zingama-omnivore, ngakho-ke ukudla kwazo kwansuku zonke kufanele kufake phakathi ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ukudla okungokwemvelo okusetshenziselwa ukondla i-koi carp kufaka phakathi imisundu yegazi, onoshobishobi abancane, imisundu, kanye nexoxo caviar. Kungukudla okunjalo okuqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni adingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni okugcwele kwanoma ibaphi abamele umndeni we-carp.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungavunyelwe ukondla izinhlanzi zokuhlobisa ezingxenyeni ezinkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe batusa ukunikeza ukudla kaningi, kodwa ngamanani amancane (cishe kathathu noma kane ngosuku). Ukudla okungazange kudliwe yi-aquarium carp kubola ngokushesha emanzini futhi kubangele ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezilukhuni ukwelashwa ezinhlanzini. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, kungenzeka ukuthi ungondli i-koi carp isonto lonke.
Ukuzila ukudla kaningi kakhulu kunomthelela omuhle empilweni yezilwane ezifuywayo, futhi inani lokudla kwansuku zonke akufanele leqe u-3% wesisindo senhlanzi uqobo.
Ukuhambisana
Ezinye izinhlanzi eziningi ze-aquarium nezedamu zibukeka zilula futhi zingabonakali ngokumelene nesizinda sombala omuhle futhi ogqamile we-koi. UCarps utshalwe kabusha kusuka emadamini avulekile wangena ezimweni ze-aquarium ekuqaleni uziphatha ngokuqapha nangokwesaba, kepha abasha bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula futhi ngokushesha okukhulu. Inqubo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo ingasheshiswa ngokutshala okumuncu, i-plekostomus, i-catfish kanye ne-trout, ama-mollies, i-goldfish, ama-minnows, ama-platies kanye ne-sun perch to carp.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ubulili be-koi carps baze bafinyelele ekuvuthweni ngokocansi. Izinhlanzi ezinjalo ziqala ukuzala, njengomthetho, sezifinyelele kubude obungu-23-25 cm.Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokwehluka kobulili kubantu abadala zifaka phakathi ukutholakala kwamaphiko e-pectoral abukhali futhi abukekayo emadodeni. Abesifazane banomzimba "osindayo", ochazwa kalula ngesidingo esikhulu sokuqoqwa kwezakhamzimba ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwama-oocyte.
Ngokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, ama-tubercles avela kwizembozo ze-gill zabesilisa. I-Carps ehlala ezimeni zamachibi imvamisa iqala ukuzala eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yentwasahlobo noma engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lokukhiqiza liphakathi kwama-20mayelanaC. Abazalisi abangochwepheshe banezela owesilisa oyedwa kwababili noma kwabesilisa abathathu, okwenza ukuthi kutholakale inzalo esezingeni eliphezulu enombala omuhle. Inani elikhulu lokudla okuphilayo liyangezwa ekudleni kwe-koi ukulungiselela ukuzala.
Abantu abadala babonakala ngokudla amaqanda kanye nefry, ngakho-ke kufanele babekwe ku-aquarium ehlukile ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzala. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esingangesonto, kuvela amaqanda kusuka emaqandeni, afakwa ngokushesha ngephedi ekhethekile enamathele ekhanda iye emaphethelweni echibi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, gazinga elikhulile liyakwazi ukubhukuda ngokukhululekile ebusweni, ngezikhathi ezithile likhuphuka ngemuva kwengxenye yomoya.
Izifo zokuzala
Uma kuphulwa imithetho yokugcina, ukuvikeleka kwama-koi carps kuncishiswe kakhulu, okuvame ukudala ukuvela kwezifo:
- I-carp pox isifo esibangelwa igciwane le-herpes. Izimpawu: ukubonakala kokukhula kwe-wax emzimbeni nasemaphikweni, inani lalo elanda ngokushesha;
- I-spring viremia yama-cyprinids (i-SVC) isifo esibangelwa ama-ascites. Izimpawu: Ukuvuvukala komzimba nokubhukuda kokubandakanyeka kwesinye ngokuvuvukala nokopha.
Izimuncagazi zeprotozoal ze-koi carp ezivamile:
- gofherellosis;
- i-cryptobiosis;
- isifo samathambo;
- chylodonellosis;
- ichthyophthiriosis.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu zebhaktheriya yi-pseudonos ne-aeromonos, kanye ne-carp epitheliocystosis. Ukutheleleka okunjalo kuhambisana ne-septicemia eyopha, izilonda ezibonakalayo zesilonda, ukuphefumula kanzima, nokufa okungazelelwe kwenhlanzi.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Ngokusho kokubukwa kwabanikazi be-koi, abamele bokuqala be-cyprinids, ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokugcina ukuthunjwa, banamandla okuphila iminyaka engama-20-35, kanti abanye abantu baphila isigamu sekhulu leminyaka, begcina umsebenzi wabo wemvelo kuze kube yizinsuku zokugcina.
Esikhundleni sesisu, izinhlanzi zokuhlobisa zinamathumbu amade angakwazi ukugcwaliswa ekudleni okukodwa, ngakho-ke zonke izidumbu zasendle ziphoqeleka ukuthi zifune njalo ukudla. Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukwehlula ngokweqile i-koi yasekhaya. Ukudla njalo nokuchichima kubangela ukukhuluphala futhi kungadala ukufa okubuhlungu kwesilwane sakho.
IJapane yaba yizwe lasekhaya le-koi carp, kepha izinhlanzi ezinhle nezinkulu ngale ndlela zikwazile ukujwayela ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezi-Russian. Ebusika obuphumelelayo be-koi echibini elivulekile, ukujula kwalo kufanele okungenani kube amamitha ambalwa. Umbala we-Koi akuyona ukuphela kwesici sokunquma izindleko zezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa. Ukuma komzimba, izici zesikhumba nezikali akubalulekile kangako, ngakho-ke namuhla ama-koi awakhuliswa ngama-aquarists amaningi kakhulu.
