Ama-Starlings akhula aze afike kuma-22 cm ubude futhi anesisindo esiphakathi kuka-50 no-100 amagremu. Abesilisa nabesifazane banezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimpiko ezimnyama ezinemibala eluhlaza nonsomi. Ebusika, ngokumelene nesizinda esimnyama, okokuqala, amabala amhlophe noma ayisikhilimu avela esifubeni. Isimo sezimpaphe sizungezwe esisekelweni bese sigaxelwa ngasethangeni. Abesilisa banezimpaphe zesifuba eside. Abesifazane banezimpaphe ezimfushane nezindilinga.
Izidladla zibomvu ngokubomvu, amehlo anombala onsundu. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, uqhwaku luphuzi, sonke isikhathi kumnyama. Abesilisa banendawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phansi kwemilomo yabo, kuyilapho abesifazane benamabala abomvana ngokubomvana. Izinyoni ezisencane zinombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo zize zikhule izimpaphe ezigcwele futhi zibe nomlomo onsundu ngokubomvana.
Zihlala kuphi izinkanyezi
Izinyoni zitholakala kuzo zonke izifunda zomhlaba wonke, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Iningi lezinkanyezi zihlala eYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Afrika. Ububanzi bemvelo busuka eCentral Siberia empumalanga kuya e-Azores entshonalanga, kusukela eNorway enyakatho kuye oLwandle iMedithera eningizimu.
I-Starling iyinyoni efudukayo... Abantu basenyakatho nasempumalanga bayathutha futhi bachitha ubusika entshonalanga naseningizimu yeYurophu, e-Afrika enyakatho yeSahara, eGibhithe, enyakatho ye-Arabia, enyakatho ye-Iran, nasemathafeni asenyakatho neNdiya.
Yiziphi izindawo ezihlala izinkanyezi ezidinga izinkanyezi
Lezi yizinyoni eziphansi. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, izinkanyezi zidinga izindawo zokwakha izidleke kanye nezinsimu ukuze zondliwe. Isikhathi esisele sonyaka, ama-starlings asebenzisa indawo ebanzi yezindawo zokuhlala, kusuka emaxhaphozini avulekile kuya emaxhaphozini kasawoti.
Ama-Starlings asebenzisa izindlu zezinyoni nemigodi ezihlahleni ukuze akhe izidleke, kanye nemifantu ezakhiweni. Zinolaka kakhulu kunezinye izinyoni futhi zibulala izimbangi zazo ukuze zithole indawo yokwakha izidleke.
Ama-Starlings aklaba ezindaweni ezivulekile ezifana nezindawo ezinotshani namadlelo. Njengoba zivame ukondla nokuhamba ngamaphakethe ngaphandle, wonke amalungu eqembu ayaqinisekisa ukuthi umhlaseli akahlaseli futhi awesabise.
Zikhula kanjani izinkanyezi
Ama-starlings akha izidleke ngotshani, amahlumela nobulembu bese ezifaka ngamaqabunga amasha. Amaqabunga ashintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi asebenze njengama-antibiotic noma ama-antifungal agents.
Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala entwasahlobo futhi siphela ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Isikhathi saso siyahluka unyaka nonyaka. Zonke izikelemu zezinyoni zizalela amaqanda amane kuya kwangu-7 acwebezelayo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza kungakapheli isonto.
Bobabili abazali bayashintshana kuze kufike amachwane. Abesifazane bachitha isikhathi esiningi esidlekeni kunabesilisa. Amachwane aqanduselwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-12-15 zokufukamela.
Kwenzeka kaningi kangakanani ukuzala
Ama-starlings angabeka ama-clutch angaphezu kwelilodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa sokuzalisa, ikakhulukazi uma amaqanda noma amaphuphu avela ku-clutch yokuqala engazange asinde. Izinyoni ezihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu maningi amathuba okuthi zibeke ngaphezu kwe-clutch engaphezu kweyodwa, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokuzalisa siside.
Amatshwele anezinkanyezi awabi namandla okuzala. Ekuqaleni, abazali babondla ngokudla okuthambile kwezilwane, kepha njengoba bekhula, bandise uhla ngezitshalo. Bobabili abazali bondla izingane futhi basuse amasaka abo endle. Abancane bashiya isidleke ngezinsuku ezingama-21-23, kepha abazali basabondla izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kwalokho. Lapho izinkanyezi sezizimele, zakha umhlambi nezinye izinyoni ezincane.
Ukuziphatha okumangazayo
Ama-Starlings yizinyoni zomphakathi ezixhumana nezihlobo zazo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izinyoni zizala ngamaqembu, zidle futhi zifuduke njengemihlambi. Ama-Starlings ayabekezelela ukuba khona kwabantu futhi enza kahle ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni.
Ukuthi izinkanyezi zixhumana kanjani
Ama-Starlings enza imisindo ephezulu unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwalapho encibilika. Izingoma zesilisa ziyamanzi futhi ziqukethe izinto eziningi. Kunjalo:
- yenza ama-trill;
- chofoza;
- ikhwela;
- i-creak;
- shaya;
- gurgle.
Ama-Starlings abuye akopishe izingoma nemisindo yezinye izinyoni nezilwane (amaxoxo, izimbuzi, amakati) noma imisindo yemishini. I-Skvortsov ifundiswa ukulingisa izwi lomuntu ekuthunjweni. Ngesikhathi sendiza, inkanyezi ekhiphayo ikhipha umsindo we "kweer", "insimbi" yensimbi exwayisa ngobukhona besilwane, futhi kubhonga lapho kukhishwa umhlambi.
Ividiyo ukuthi inkanyezi ihlabelela kanjani
Badlani
Ama-Starlings adla izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo yezitshalo neyezilwane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Izinyoni ezincane ikakhulukazi zidla imikhiqizo yezilwane ezinjengezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezithambile. Abantu abadala bakhetha ukudla kwezitshalo, bakuthola ngokubheka phansi ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinotshani obufushane noma obuncane. Izinkanyezi ngezinye izikhathi zilandela imishini yezolimo njengoba iphakamisa inhlabathi. Baphinde bondle ezindaweni ezingamamitha, ezindaweni zokuhlanza indle, emigqonyeni kadoti, emapulazini nasezindaweni zokudla kwemfuyo. Batheleka ezihlahleni lapho kunezithelo ezivuthiwe noma amacimbi amaningi.
Ukudla kwe-Starlings kuqukethe:
- imbewu;
- izinambuzane;
- ama-vertebrate amancane;
- ezingenamgogodla;
- izitshalo;
- izithelo.
Izinkanyezi zidla ngo:
- ama-centipedes;
- izicabucabu;
- amabhu;
- izikelemu zomhlaba.
Kusuka ekudleni kwezitshalo abakuthandayo:
- amajikijolo;
- imbewu;
- ama-apula;
- amapheya;
- ama-plums;
- ama-cherries.
Ukuma kogebhezi nemisipha kuvumela izinkanyezi ukuba zingene emhlabathini ngemilomo yazo noma ngesando ekudleni okuqinile nasemigodini evulekile. Izinyoni zinombono we-binocular, bheka ukuthi zenzani, futhi zihlukanise phakathi kwezinhlobo zokudla.
Izitha zemvelo zezinkanyezi
Izinkanyezi zihlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ukupakisha kokuziphatha kuvikela, kwandisa inani lezinyoni ezibuka indlela yomzingeli.
Inkanyezi ekhanyayo izingelwa ngu:
- oklebe
- amakati ezifuywayo.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa yizinkanyezi emkhakheni wezemvelo
Ubuningi bezinkanyezi buzenza izisulu ezibalulekile zezilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye. Ama-Starlings akhiqiza ngokushesha, ahlala ezindaweni ezintsha, unyaka nonyaka akhiqiza inzalo eningi, adle ukudla okuhlukahlukene nasezindaweni ezihlukene zokuhlala. Banomthelela omkhulu ezitshalweni zembewu nezithelo kanye nezinambuzane. Ezindaweni lapho izinkanyezi kungezona izinhlobo zomdabu, ziminyanisa ezinye izinyoni uma zincintisana nazo ukuthola izidleke kanye nemithombo yokudla.
Ukuthi izinkanyezi zihlangana kanjani nabantu
Izinkanyezi zilungele imvelo ngoba zidla izinambuzane. Izinkanyezi zinciphisa isibalo sezinambuzane ezilimaza izitshalo. Ama-Starlings asetshenziselwa nokwenza izitsha emazweni aseMedithera.
