Imfucuza yezimboni neyasekhaya imfucuza eyinhloko eyenziwe ngabantu. Ukuze ingakhiphi izinto eziyingozi, kufanele ilahlwe. Imfucumfucu enkulu kunazo zonke yenziwa yimboni yamalahle nensimbi, izitshalo zamandla ezishisayo kanye namakhemikhali ezolimo. Eminyakeni edlule, inani likadoti onobuthi likhuphukile. Lapho zibola, azingcolisi nje kuphela amanzi, umhlaba, umoya, kepha ziphinde zithelele izitshalo, izilwane, futhi zithinte kabi impilo yabantu. Ngokwehlukile, ingozi ukungcwatshwa kukadoti oyingozi, okhohliwe, futhi endaweni yabo kwakhiwa izindlu nezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene. Izindawo ezinjalo ezingcolisiwe kungaba yizindawo lapho ukuqhuma kwenuzi kwenzeke khona ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ukuqoqwa kwemfucuza nezinto zokuhamba
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemfucuza nodoti ziqoqwa emigqonyeni ekhethekile efakwe eduze kwazo zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi, kanye nasemigqonyeni yomgwaqo. Muva nje, kusetshenziswe ukuhlunga udoti, kwenzelwe izinhlobo ezithile zemfucuza:
- ingilazi;
- iphepha nekhadibhodi;
- udoti wepulasitiki;
- ezinye izinhlobo zikadoti.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamathangi ngokuhlukaniswa kukadoti nezinhlobo kuyisigaba sokuqala sokulahlwa kwawo. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula kubasebenzi ukuyihlunga ezindaweni zokulahla udoti. Ngokuzayo, ezinye izinhlobo zemfucuza zithunyelwa ukwenza kabusha, isibonelo, iphepha nengilazi. Eminye imfucuza ithunyelwa ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza nezindawo zokulahla imfucuza.
Mayelana nokulahlwa kukadoti, kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha lokhu akusizi ukuqeda ezinye izinkinga. Iziqukathi zemfucuza zisesimweni esibi senhlanzeko nezenhlanzeko, ziheha izinambuzane namagundane, futhi zikhipha iphunga elibi.
Izinkinga zokulahlwa kukadoti
Ukulahlwa kukadoti emhlabeni wethu kubi kakhulu ngezizathu eziningi:
- imali enganele;
- inkinga yokuxhumanisa ukuqoqwa kukadoti nokungathathi hlangothi;
- inethiwekhi ebuthakathaka yezinsiza;
- ukungazi kahle kwabantu ngesidingo sokuhlunga udoti bese uwuphonsa kuphela ezitsheni ezikhethiwe;
- amandla okusebenzisa kabusha udoti ezintweni ezisetshenzisiwe zesibili awasetshenziswanga.
Enye indlela yokulahla udoti ukufaka umquba ezinhlotsheni ezithile zemfucuza. Amabhizinisi abona kude kakhulu aphatha ukuthola ama-biogas kusuka emfucumfucwini nasezinsaleleni zempahla eluhlaza. Ingasetshenziselwa izinhloso zokukhiqiza, isetshenziswe empilweni yansuku zonke. Indlela ejwayelekile yokulahlwa kukadoti, esetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi, ukushisa imfucuza eqinile.
Ukuze ungaminzi kudoti, isintu kufanele sicabange ngokuxazulula inkinga yokulahlwa kukadoti futhi sishintshe ngokuphelele izenzo ezihlose ukunciphisa imfucuza. Ingabuye isetshenziswe kabusha. Yize kuzothatha inani elikhulu lezezimali, kuzoba nethuba lokusungula eminye imithombo yamandla.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga zomhlaba wonke zokungcola kwemvelo
Ukulahlwa kukadoti, udoti wasendlini nowezimboni kuyisixazululo esinengqondo enkingeni yomhlaba wonke njengokungcola kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe balinganisile ukuthi ngo-2010, isintu senza imfucumfucu engaba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-3.5 nsuku zonke. Iningi lazo linqwabelana ezindaweni ezinamadolobha. Abezemvelo babikezela ukuthi ngaleli zinga, ngonyaka ka-2025, abantu bazobe sebekhiqiza cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyisithupha kadoti ngosuku. Uma konke kuqhubeka ngale ndlela, eminyakeni engama-80 leli nani lizofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-10 ngosuku futhi abantu bazominza ngokoqobo kudoti wabo.
Ukunciphisa nje ukungcola kweplanethi, futhi udinga ukusebenzisa kabusha imfucuza. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenkuthalo eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, ngoba lezi zifunda zinikela kakhulu ekungcolisweni kweplanethi. Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza kuya ngomfutho namuhla, njengoba isiko lezemvelo labantu likhula futhi nobuchwepheshe obusha bezemvelo buthuthuka, obungena ngokuqhubekayo enqubweni yokukhiqiza yamabhizinisi amaningi esimanje.
Ngokumelene nesizinda sokwenza ngcono isimo semvelo eMelika naseYurophu, inkinga yokungcola kwemvelo ngodoti iyanda kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke e-Asia, okuyiChina, umthamo wemfucuza ukhula njalo futhi ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi ngo-2025 lezi zinkomba zizokwanda kakhulu. Ngo-2050, imfucuza kulindeleke ukuthi yande ngokushesha e-Afrika. Mayelana nalokhu, inkinga yokungcoliswa kukadoti akumele ixazululwe ngokushesha nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ngokulinganayo ngokwendawo, futhi, uma kungenzeka, isuse imithombo yesikhathi esizayo yokuqoqwa kukadoti. Ngakho-ke, izindawo zokuvuselela kabusha namabhizinisi kudingeka zihlelwe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba, futhi ngasikhathi sinye senze inqubomgomo yolwazi kubantu ukuze bahlunge imfucuza futhi basebenzise izinsiza ngendlela efanele, bonge izinzuzo zemvelo nezokuzenzela.
