Ingwejeje ingezilwane ezincelisayo, ukuhleleka kwamagundane nomndeni wesikwele. Inomzimba ohlangene ophela ngomsila oguqukayo oguqukayo. Isigaxa sinezindlebe ezinde, ezimise okonxantathu ezinezintshontshi ekugcineni noma ezingenazo. Umbala wejazi usukela kokumnyama nsundu kuya kobomvu, isisu sikhanya ngombala. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, i-squirrel ingaba mpunga. Umbala wejazi lesilwane esincelisayo uncike endaweni yokuhlala.
I-molt yomzimba wonke ivela kabili ngonyaka, kepha umsila ungahle ungadluli kanye ngonyaka. Ngentwasahlobo, i-molts yezilwane - ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, nasekwindla - Septhemba-Novemba.
Izici zamandla
I-squirrel ingabhekwa njengegundane elimazayo, ingasetshenziselwa ukudla:
- imbewu evela ezihlahleni ze-coniferous (kusuka ngesi-spruce, uphayini, umsedari, umsayipuresi);
- i-hazel, ama-acorn, amantongomane;
- amakhowe;
- amahlumela ezitshalo ezincane;
- amajikijolo;
- izimpande zezitshalo;
- ubulembu;
- amakhambi.
Uma unyaka umubi, khona-ke iningi lokudla kwabo liqukethe amakhambi, izimpande. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, izingwejeje zikhetha ukudla ukudla kwezilwane: izinambuzane, izibungu, amaqanda ezinyoni ezincane, ama-vertebrate amancane. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, bangadla amathambo ezilwane ezifile.
Ezindaweni zokuhlala ebusika, bakhetha ukwenza izinto ezigcinwa emigodini, kuma-rhizomes, noma kumane zilenga ezihlahleni ezinamagatsha aminyene. Le mikhiqizo ifaka phakathi: amantongomane, amakhowe, izigaxa, ama-acorn. Abakhumbuli ngezinqolobane zabo futhi bavame ukuzithola ngengozi. Amaprotheni angadla onikezwa ezinye izilwane.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamaprotheni
Isikwele yizinhlobo zamagundane ezivame kakhulu ezihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Zitholakala emahlathini ahlabayo, emahlathini ahlala eluhlaza, ezintabeni nasezindaweni eziphansi. Abamele lolu hlobo bavame ukubonakala emapaki wedolobha, ezingadini ezizimele.
Sibala izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamaprotheni:
I-Abert, ubude bomzimba wayo bungafinyelela kuma-58 cm, kanti ubude bomsila bungamasentimitha angama-25, izindlebe zinamachashazi. Ijazi lesikwele limpunga ngomugqa ngemuva kombala obomvu ngokunsundu. Indawo ehlala kuyo yiMexico naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States.
Isikwele saseBrazil noma iGuiana, ubude bomzimba wayo abudluli ku-20 cm, futhi umsila ungafinyelela ku-18 cm, unombala onsundu onsundu. Uhlala eSouth America emahlathini nasemapaki.
U-Allen, abesifazane balezi zinhlobo bakhulu kunabesilisa, isisindo sabo singaba ngama-500 g. Ebusika, umbala wejazi lesikwele ubomvu ngokumphuzi ezinhlangothini, kukhona okumpunga nokumnyama. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda imnyama, izindlebe zingenamachashazi. Ehlobo, ijazi iba mnyama.
Isikwele saseCaucasia ingafinyelela ku-25 cm ubude, inezindlebe ezimfushane ezingenayo intshakaza. Ijazi le-squirrel lifana nokugqwala okugqamile, ngemuva kunsundu ngokumpunga, futhi izinhlangothi zinsundu kakinathi, isisu sikhanya.
E-Arizona - ibukeka njengesikwele u-Abertu, indawo yokuhlala ekhethwayo iyisifunda esinezintaba. Itholakala eMexico nase-Arizona.
Isigaxa segolide esiswini, owesilisa nowesifazane walolu hlobo cishe bayefana ngesakhiwo nangesisindo. Bahlala eGuatemala, eMexico.
UCaroline squirrel inkulu impela, ingakhula ifike kuma-52 cm ubude. Umbala woboya mpunga onamabala ansundu noma abomvu, isisu simhlophe. Igundane lihlala e-USA, eScotland, eNgilandi nase-Italy.
Isikwele Depp inombala onsundu ngokubomvu onezinwele ezimpunga, ophuzi onsundu noma onsundu ngokumpunga. Ingxenye engenhla yomsila imnyama futhi imhlophe, kanti engezansi umbala wokugqwala, isisu siyakhanya.
Ingwejeje yomphimbo ophuzi Inosayizi omncane womzimba ongadluli ku-17 cm, umsila ungafika ku-18 cm ubude. Umbala wangemuva ubomvu-nsundu, isisu sibomvu-orange, futhi umsila unemigqa. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu: iBrazil, iVenezuela.
Ingwejeje ebomvu enomsila ingaba ubude obungu-52 cm, nobude bomsila obufinyelela ku-28 cm. Ijazi leli libomvu ngokumnyama, isifuba singaba mhlophe noma sibomvu ngokugqamile, ichopho lomsila limnyama. IHabitat Central kanye neNingizimu Melika.
Impunga yaseNtshonalanga ngesisindo ingafinyelela ku-942 g ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60. Isilwane sinombala osampunga ngesiliva ngesisu esimhlophe. Izindlebe zibonakala kahle, kodwa ngaphandle kwezinhlamvu. Imvamisa, le nduku ingatholakala eMelika.
Ingquza emnyama ingaba nesisindo esifinyelela ku-1 kg, kanti ubude bayo bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-70. Umbala woboya ungaba nsundu ngokukhanyayo ngamachashazi aphuzi noma ube nsundu ngombala omnyama.
UVeksha inezinsalela, ubude bomzimba bufinyelela kuma-28 cm, isisindo asidluli ku-340 g. Le gundane linemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu: kusuka kokusobala ngokubomvu kuya kokumpunga nokumnyama. IHabitat Eurasia, Japan.
Ingwejeje endizayo edumile
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zomndeni wesikwele ezimelwe lapha, kepha ezivame kakhulu.
Umehluko phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane
Ngombala we-squirrel, akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane, kwezinye izinhlobo zingabonakala ngosayizi wazo, ngoba owesilisa angaba mkhulu kunowesifazane ngesisindo nangobude bomsila.
Izici zokuziphatha
Izinduku zomndeni we-squirrel yizilwane ezihamba phambili ezihola impilo yobukhazikhazi. Azenzi mzamo omncane lapho eqa esuka esihlahleni esiya kwesinye. Ngesikhathi sokweqa, isilwane sizisiza ngomsila nangezidladla. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwehlathi, ukubukeka kwendawo yokuhlala kuyashintsha:
- emahlathini ahlabayo, igundane lihlala emgodini, ngaphansi kwawo kugcwele utshani obomile noma ubulembu;
- emahlathini e-coniferous bazakhela izidleke, abazakha ngamagatsha, basakaza uboya, ubulembu, amaqabunga omile phansi.
Isilwane singahlala ezindlini zezinyoni ezingenalutho. Isibalo sezidleke ezinjalo ku-squirrel esisodwa singafinyelela ku-15; ingashintsha indawo ehlala kuyo njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngakho-ke, izingwejeje ezi-3 kuye kwezi-6 zingasebusika esidlekeni esisodwa.
Ukufuduka okukhulu ezilwaneni kuqala ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Izilwane ziyakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angama-300 ukusuka lapho zihlala khona ngaphambilini.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Inani losiba bezingwejeje lizoya ngendawo yokuhlala, imvamisa liletha inzalo kanye noma kabili ngonyaka, kepha ezifundeni eziseningizimu kungaba kathathu. Kunesikhawu esikhulu phakathi kwenkukhu ngayinye, engadluli emasontweni ayi-13. Isikhathi sokuzala sizoncika ezintweni eziningi:
- isimo sezulu;
- ukuvuna;
- usayizi wabantu.
Imvamisa, isikhathi se-rutting siwela ngoJanuwari-Mashi futhi singahlala kuze kube ngu-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungabukwa abesilisa abangafika kwabayisithupha eduze kwabesifazane, lapho enza khona ukukhetha omunye. Abesilisa baziphatha ngolaka phakathi kwabo ukuze baqede umuntu ancintisana naye. Zingaduma kakhulu, zithunduzele amagatsha ezihlahla noma zixoshane. Ngemuva kokukhetha, umndeni uqala ukwakha isidleke senzalo yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukukhulelwa komuntu wesifazane kufinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-38, udoti owodwa ungaba izingane ezisukela kwezingu-3 kuye kwezingu-10. Izingwejeje zizalwa ziyizimpumputhe futhi zingenaboya, ezikhula kakhulu esontweni lesibili lokuphila. Izingane zizokwazi ukubona kuphela ngemuva kwenyanga, ngemuva kwalokho ziqala ukuphuma emgodini ngemidlalo. Abesifazane bondla izingwejeje ngobisi lwabo izinsuku ezingama-50. Ingulube ishiya isidleke emavikini ayishumi. Izilwane zingathola inzalo yazo ezinyangeni eziyi-9 noma eziyi-12.
Izitha zemvelo
Isikhathi sokuphila kwezingwejeje ekuthunjweni singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-12, kepha esilwaneni sikhululekile, lesi sibalo sihlukaniswe ngohafu. Ngokwemvelo, kunezilwane eziningi ezizingelayo ezizingela izingwejeje:
- ama-martens;
- izikhova;
- oklebe;
- izimpungushe;
- amakati.
Ngokuphawulekayo kunciphisa inani lamaprotheni ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla okwanele, kanye nangenxa yokuba khona kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo. Ukungatheleleki kwabo kudicilelwe phansi ngokuba khona kwamazeze, imikhaza kanye ne-helminths.
