Amaqabunga ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yezitshalo eziningi. Ngenxa yabo, amanzi ahamba ngobuningi besitshalo, ukuguqulwa kwelanga kube ngamandla okukhula nokuhlanzwa komoya ozungezile. Kunezigaba eziningi zebhayoloji zamaqabunga ngokuya ngezici ezahlukahlukene. Kuhlaka lwalesi sihloko, sizocubungula okuyinhloko.
Yini iqabunga?
Iqabunga lingaphandle kwesitshalo futhi libhekene ne-photosynthesis, ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, nokushintshaniswa kwegesi phakathi kwesitshalo nemvelo. Zitholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezitshalo, kusuka otshanini obungaqapheleki kuya ezihlahleni ezinkulu. Egameni elithi "iqabunga," umcabango ngokushesha udonsela iqabunga lakudala, njenge-birch eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, kunenani elikhulu kakhulu lokwehlukahlukana kobujamo nemiklamo, konke okufeza izinhloso ezifanayo.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaqabunga
Ukuhlukaniswa okulula kwamaqabunga ezitshalo kusekelwe ekubunjweni kwawo. Ngokusho kwakhe, kunezinqubo ezinjengeqabunga (isibonelo, ku-ferns), amaqabunga ezitshalo eziqhakazayo (ifomu elijwayelekile eline-petiole neqabunga lekhasi), izinaliti namaqabunga okusonga (ajwayelekile kumakhambi).
Izinhlobo ezikhonjwe ngendawo esiqwini
Ukuhlelwa okuhlukile noma okulandelanayo kusho ukuthi amaqabunga aqala ukukhula esiqwini, eyodwa ngeyodi ngayinye. Igama elithi "ifindo" lisho indawo esiqwini esetshenziselwa ukwakha iqabunga elisha.
Ukuhlelwa okuphambene kusho ukuthi amaqabunga amabili akhula endaweni ngayinye yegatsha noma isiqu. Futhi ezimweni eziningi, i-node ngayinye elandelayo ijikeleziswa ama-degree angama-90 ngokuqhathaniswa neyedlule.
Ukubekwa kwamaqabunga e-rosette kusho indawo yawo ekuphakameni nasekuqondeni okufanayo esiyingini. Kukhulunywa nje, wonke amaqabunga esitshalo esinjalo akhula kusuka endaweni eyodwa (impande) bese enza isihlahla esihle esisakazekayo.
Kukhona futhi ukuhlelela okwenziwe ngephutha. Kubukeka njengokuphambene, kepha kunamaqabunga amathathu nge-node ngayinye. Kulokhu, ama-node abizwa ngokuthi ama-whorls futhi angashintshwa ngokulandelana ngama-degree angama-90.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lwamaqabunga
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusekelwe enombolweni nasekuhlukanisweni kwamaqabunga akhula kusikwe esisodwa, noma kusuka kunodi eyodwa yesiqu (isiqu). Ngakho-ke, uhlobo olulula kunazo zonke ishidi elilula. Kubonakala ngokuba khona kwekhasi elilodwa kuphela le-petiole eyodwa. Ipuleti ngokwalo lingaphezulu kweshidi, okungukuthi, "isendwangu" salo esinemithambo. Eqabunga elilula, lingaba nanoma yisiphi isimo, kepha ama-cutouts awafinyeleli ku-petiole. Amaqabunga ohlobo olulula ahlala ewa ne-petiole, kungashiyi ingxenye yawo esihlahleni.
Uhlobo olulandelayo yishidi elihlanganisiwe. Lapha, amaqabunga amaningana anamathiselwe ku-petiole eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngayinye yazo ingaba ne-petiole yayo eyengeziwe.
Izinhlobo zamaqabunga ngokusho kwawo
Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuma kweqabunga kukhulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kunenani elikhulu lezitshalo ezinamahlamvu ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Lolu hlu lufaka amagama angaphezu kwama-30, ngalinye lawo lichaza ukwakheka okuthile. Ngeke sibabhale bonke, sizokhuluma kuphela ngokujwayelekile.
Mhlawumbe uhlobo olwaziwa kakhulu kulesi sigaba yi-thyroid. Isibonelo, i-birch inamaqabunga alolu hlobo. Zibukeka njengesihlangu esincane kepha zibe nesimo seqabunga lakudala. Kukhona nezinye ezingajwayelekile, njenge- "reverse heart". Lolu hlobo lunokuma kwenhliziyo ende, enesiphetho esiphansi, esicijile esincikene ne-petiole.
Amaqabunga aqanjiwe nawo ayathakazelisa. Lolu hlobo luvame ukutholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zotshani basensimini nasezimbali eziningi. Uhlobo "oluhlanjululwe kancane" lujwayele wonke umuntu kusuka ebuntwaneni - i-dandelion inamaqabunga alolu hlobo.
Ukuziphendukela kwamaqabunga angajwayelekile
Ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, amahlamvu ezihlahla nezitshalo enze izinguquko ezahlukahlukene. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zezimbali, azizange ziholele kuzinguquko ezinkulu, kepha amaqabunga ezitshalo ezithile aqala ukwenza imisebenzi ethile.
Ukubamba amaqabunga
Mhlawumbe "okukhethekile kakhulu" ukubamba amaqabunga. Zikhona ezitshalweni ezidlayo ezidla izinambuzane. Isibonelo esigqamile yi-sundew noma i-Venus flytrap. Umsebenzi omkhulu weqabunga elinjalo ukubamba lesi sinambuzane, uqinisekise ukuthi siyabanjwa, bese sigaywa ngosizo lwama-enzyme akhethekile. Indlela yokuthwebula yehlukile: kwezinye izimo, iqabunga likhiqiza ujusi onamathelayo (isundew), kokunye livala ngokungazelelwe (i-Venus flytrap), kuthi kokunye, kudlale amabhamuza akhethekile anama-valve (pemphigus).
Amaqabunga amnandi
Lolu hlobo lweqabunga lwenzelwe ukwakha izinqolobane zamanzi. Isitshalo esijwayeleke kunazo zonke esinazo inhlaba. Zijiyile futhi ziyinyama, ziqukethe umswakama omningi ngaphakathi, njengoba lezi zimbali zikhula ezifundeni ezomile ezingenamvula encane.
Amaqabunga e-Baggy
Lolu hlobo lubuye lugcine amanzi, kepha lokhu akwenzeki ngenxa yongqimba olujiyile, kepha kusetshenziswa ifaneli. Umsele wakhiwa yiqabunga uqobo lwalo, eliguquka ngendlela ekhethekile futhi ligcine amanzi emvula anqwabelene.
Ameva
Ukuze kuvikelwe, amaqabunga ezinye izitshalo asephenduke ameva. Zingaba yikhasi leqabunga eliguquliwe, eliqinile futhi elikhonjisiwe, noma zingakha kusuka kumahlumela.
Amadevu
Amaqabunga amadevu atholakala ezitshalweni ezinwabuzelayo ezidinga ukwesekwa. Ziyizengezo zezingxenye ezingenhla zamaqabunga ajwayelekile ngendlela yezinqubo ezinde, ezisontekile. Banamathela ezintweni ezizungezile, ukuze isitshalo sibasonge. Lolu hlobo lweqabunga lutholakala kophizi abavamile bengadi, ukhukhamba, namathanga.
UPhillodies
UPhillodies uyisimo esikhethekile sokuvela kwepetiole. I-petiole enjalo ifana nomumo weqabunga futhi iyakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis. Ngasikhathi sinye, ishidi langempela elibekwe kude kunesakhiwo esenziwe lula futhi lehlisa isithunzi.
AmaBracts
Lolu hlobo lwamaqabunga lubonakala ngokuma kwawo okuyindilinga noma okuyindilinga, imvamisa ngokwakhiwa kofanele omncane. Ekucindezelekeni okwakhiwe, njengomthetho, kukhona amaqabunga ohlobo oluhlukile noma ama-inflorescence.
