Enye yemithombo esemqoka enomthelela omkhulu emanzini olwandle lomhlaba yimikhumbi yasolwandle. Imikhumbi isebenzisa uwoyela osindayo, oqukethe izinhlobo eziningi zensimbi esindayo neyingozi. Amanzi asekhaya, amanzi ahlukanisiwe namanzi angcolile adonswa olwandle, anomthelela omubi emvelweni. Ukungcola kwemikhumbi kwenziwa ngezindlela zokuhamba zasolwandle nasemifuleni, ezikhipha imfucuza etholwe ngenkathi kwenziwa imisebenzi kanye nokungcola okungena emanzini lapho kwenzeka izingozi zemithwalo enobuthi.
Ukukhishwa kwegesi emkhathini
Into eyingozi kakhulu engena emanzini futhi ivuse ukwakheka kwe-sulfuric acid igesi le-sulfuric. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhalansi yemvelo iyaphazamiseka futhi kulimala kakhulu imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhumbi ekhishwa ngegesi ikhipha umule, uthuli, isulfure oxides, isikhutha kanye nama-hydrocarbon angashiswanga emkhathini.
Mayelana nalokhu, kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe izibaseli ezingayonakalisi imvelo, okungukuthi igesi yemvelo ne-hydrogen. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukungena kwezinto ezinobungozi emanzini nasemkhathini.
Izinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngemikhumbi
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi kunezinto eziningi ezingezinhle ezithinta imvelo futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukususa umthelela wazo. Ngakho-ke, iqoqo lezinyathelo lenziwa ukusiza ukunciphisa umthelela wazo, okungukuthi:
- ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha angasebenzisi imvelo;
- ukwethulwa kohlelo lokujova uphethiloli olulawulwa ngogesi, oluzosiza ukwenza ngcono ukuhamba komsebenzi;
- ukulawulwa kokunikezwa kukaphethiloli nezigaba zokusatshalaliswa kwegesi;
- ukuhlomisa ama-boilers asebenze kabusha ngohlelo olukhethekile lokulawula ukushisa ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zomshini (kubhayela umgodi, ukushaya umule, ukucisha umlilo);
- indlela ngayinye yokuhamba yolwandle nomfula kumele ibe nezindlela zobuchwepheshe zokulawula ikhwalithi yamagesi okukhipha angena emkhathini;
- ukwenqaba ukusebenzisa izinto eziqukethe i-nitrogen emikhumbi;
- ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kokusebenza kwebhokisi lokugcwalisa nokuxhuma kwe-flange;
- ukusebenza kwama-generator edizili ngejubane eliguqukayo.
Ngokulandela lezi zincomo, ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, okuzonciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngemikhumbi.
Ukunciphisa inani lokukhishwa kwegesi
Kunezindlela eziningi ezingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi emkhathini: ukumuncwa, uketshezi lwezinto ezinobungozi ezinamandla omlilo, i-catalytic ne-sorption-catalytic. Ngamunye wabo uhlose ukuhlanza izixuku zomoya nendawo yamanzi. Ingqikithi yezindlela ukukhipha amakhemikhali ayingozi, ngenxa yelinye lamasu asetshenzisiwe. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokufudumeza noma ngokuhambisa igesi kusishisi, ukumisa amanzi ngokushisa ngesitimu, kusetshenziswa izithako eziqinile, nokuhlanza izinto emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
