Zonke izitshalo ze-aquarium zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu: anezimpande, ama-bushy nalawo antantayo. Izitshalo ezithola umsoco ngohlelo lwempande zidinga izindlela ezikhethekile zokutshala. Imifino enjalo inezimpande futhi zivame ukutholakala sezigxilile. Izitshalo ze-shrub zithengiswa ngaphandle kwezimpande futhi zidinga ukuzitshala. Isigaba esehlukile siyantanta. Isici sabo esihlukile ukungabikho kohlelo lwempande, ngakho-ke abayidingi nhlobo inhlabathi.
Umthetho oyinhloko wokuxazulula izimbali e-aquarium ukugcina ibanga elilungile phakathi kwezinhlobo. Uma izitshalo zitshalwe kakhulu, ukukhanya kwelanga ngeke kushaye amaqabunga aphansi, futhi kuzonyamalala. Izitshalo ezinwabuzelayo zingahlala sonke isikhala ngokungalawuleki, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uzitshale kuphela emanzini amakhulu futhi ukhiphe ingxenye ethile ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukwenza izitshalo zizwe kamnandi futhi zingathathi sonke isikhala, zibeke ukuze amaqabunga angathintani nakancane nalezo ezingomakhelwane.
Ungatshala kanjani izitshalo ezivelayo
Zonke izinhlobo zemvelo ye-aquarium ingahlukaniswa ngendlela yokutshala nokukhula. Izitshalo ezinamagatsha neziqu zazo ezintantayo ezitshalwe yizicucu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- I-Ludwigia,
- I-Myriophyllum;
- I-Alternatera;
- I-Gataranter;
- IGigrofila, njll.
Ama-cuttings angathengwa ezitolo ze-aqua. Zitshalwe ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ama-3 kuye kwayi-5. Kuyadingeka ukwazi kahle izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezisetshenzisiwe. Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo lizoya ngalokhu, kufanele lilingane cishe nobude beqabunga elilodwa. Uma kunamaqabunga amaningi kwizikwele, khona-ke amahlumela aphansi ama-2-3 kufanele asuswe. Ungabazweli, ngoba utshani obushiya ngokushesha bubeka inqubo yokubola emhlabathini.
Ama-aquarists anolwazi athi izitshalo ezakha isihlahla azijabulisi ngokuzodwa, kungcono ukutshala ukusikwa okuningi eduze komunye nomunye ukwakha isihlahla esinamandla nesinegatsha.
Izitshalo ezinamacembe amancane nazo kufanele zitshalwe esigejaneni, zijule ngamasentimitha ama-3-6. Lokhu kujula kulungele ukulungisa isitshalo nokusigcina singantanta phezulu. Uma, noma kunjalo, ukufika kukwazile ukukhuphukela phezulu, bese uyilungisa ngokucophelela ngamatshe amancane. Ngemuva kokuba isiqu sesigxilile, ukwesekwa kungasuswa. Imvamisa, inkinga efanayo yenzeka ngeKabombs, iPeristolis neLimnophil, ngoba bakhulise amandla okuphakamisa. Kungcono ukwakha indandatho ngaphansi kwalezi zitshalo bese ucindezela phansi ngamatshe ayizicaba. Ukuze wakhe umqhele wesihlahla sesimo esifanele, kungcono ukusika iziqongo.
Ungazitshala kanjani izitshalo ze rosette
Izinhlobo zeRosette yilezo ezikhula "njengomshanelo" kusuka phansi. Lezi zitshalo zihlukaniswa ngosayizi wazo omkhulu nezimpande ezithuthukile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- I-Echinodorus,
- I-Sagittaria,
- ICryptocoryne,
- I-Aponogeton,
- USamolus.
Kubalulekile ukukhetha usayizi ofanele wesitshalo ngokuya ngosayizi we-aquarium. Uma uthenge imifino emaphakathi, bese ushiya amasentimitha ayi-8-11 phakathi kwabo, udle emikhulu - amasentimitha ayi-15-25. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo zemvelo lapho kusuka amashidi angama-20 kuye kwangama-40 atholakala esitshalweni esisodwa, lokhu kufanele kubhekwe futhi kutshalwe kuphela emanzini amakhulu.
Ukutshala kuvame ukusetshenziswa izitshalo ezifushane. Bangcwatshwa ngendlela yokuthi intamo, efafazwe kancane ngenhlabathi, ihlala ngaphezulu. Lezi zitshalo zibukeka zizinhle zodwa futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sikhundla sizivumela ukuthi zikhule zingavinjelwe. Funda futhi iqiniso lokuthi ngokuzayo, isitshalo sizomboza isibani noma ukukhanya kwemvelo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusibeka ngemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ibekwa ngaphambili, khona-ke isici sobuhle sedamu sizohlupheka.
Ungatshala kanjani amahlumela
Izitshalo ezilula ukutshala nokusabalalisa, ezitshalwa ngamahlumela. Ukuze ukhule isitshalo esihle, kungcono ukutshala amahlumela ayi-3-4 isentimitha ngalinye, ngoba amagatsha ezinwabuzelayo ngalinye libukeka liyindlala. Kufanele futhi wenze ngezitshalo ezingakhuli ngosayizi.
Izimbali ezinezimpande ezikhula ngokuvundlile (ngokwesibonelo, i-calamus) zitshalwe ngaphansi kwethambeka elincane, ukuze amahlumela asanda kwakhiwa abheke phansi. Uma ucabanga ukuthi yini ongayitshala odongeni olungaphambili, bese ukhetha u- E. paniculaatus noma u- E. tenellus. Njengoba zikhula, zisakazeka njengokhaphethi oluhlaza. Izici ezikhethekile zalezi zitshalo zivuselelwa kahle izingxenye ezilimele, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulawule inombolo ngezikhathi ezithile.
Indlela yokutshala izitshalo ezinezimpande eziqondile
Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo akulula ukutshala. Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma indawo lapho uhlelo lwempande lungakhula ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, beka isithombo ngendlela yokuthi ingxenye engezansi ye-rhizome ijule emhlabathini, kuthi ingxenye ephezulu ikhuphuke. Hlola ngokucophelela okokutshala, uzobona indawo lapho i-pigment eluhlaza iqala khona - leli yizinga lapho udinga ukujulisa khona isithombo. Njengoba kunengxenye encane emhlabathini, okokuqala ngqa, faka amatshe amatshe, azobambezela isitshalo ukuthi sintante phezulu.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kuqukethe ukususwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwamaqabunga amadala, amabi, alumayo, aphuzi noma abunile.
Ungatshala kanjani ama-bulbous specimens
Ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo ezinama-bulbous and tuberous, zibophe ngokhuni wokuhlunga, ushiye isikhala phezulu nangaphansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zijule enhlabathini cishe ngo-2/3 wengxenye. Indawo lapho amaqabunga noma iziqu zizovela ngokuzayo kumele kushiywe ngaphezulu. Uma uthenge i-Nymphaea, izimpande kuphela ezibekwe enhlabathini, konke okunye kusala ngaphezulu. Izitshalo ezinama-bulbous zinezimpande ezinde. I-rhizome ingafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-10, ngakho-ke indawo lapho kuzotshalwa khona isitshalo kufanele kukhethwe ngosayizi ofanele nokujula kwenhlabathi.
Ukunakekela kubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zitshalo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ama-aquarists amaningi azama ukungangcolisi ngama-bulbs. Zidla izakhamzimba eziningi ezivela enhlabathini, eziyindlala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zidinga ukondliwa okwengeziwe.
Akuyona into engavamile ukuzwa "ngokuphumula" kwezitshalo ezinama-bulbous. Uma ngasizathu simbe ufuna ukususa u-anyanisi isikhashana, khona-ke lokhu akunzima ukukwenza. Kwanele ukuyisusa ku-aquarium bese unquma wonke amaqabunga. Ngemuva kwalokho, ibekwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki esigcwele isihlabathi esimanzi bese ishiywa endaweni emnyama nepholile. Ngakho-ke, ama-bulb angaphumula kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Esinye isizathu sokufa kwesitshalo kungaba yi-asidi ephezulu yamanzi. Hlola izinkomba. Uma sekuqalile ukubola, bese usika imifino yonke indlela eya ku-bulb. Lokhu kuzoyisindisa ekuqhubekeni nokubola futhi ithole isihlahla esihle ngokwengeziwe.
Ezinye izitshalo
Ngezitshalo ze-epiphytic nezintantayo, inhlabathi ayidingeki nhlobo. Owokuqala abekwe kahle ezihlathini, izibuko, amatshe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi bonke ubulembu. Endaweni yabo yemvelo, bakhetha ukugeleza okusheshayo, ngakho-ke ukunamathela entweni kubaluleke kakhulu kubo.
Izitshalo ezintantayo phezulu nazo zihlala kahle ngaphandle kwenhlabathi. Basiza i-aquarist ukuthi ikhanyise ukukhanya okulungile futhi inciphise ukukhanya okukhiphayo. Kuyadingeka ukulawula izinombolo zabo, ngoba bangagcwalisa kalula sonke isikhala. Kunconywa ukuthi uvimbele ukwanda ngokweqile ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yedamu. Ukuze kube lula, nciphisa isikhala ngenetha, ngentambo yokudoba, noma nge-plastic tape. Ngale ndlela ungahambisa kalula ingxenye eyodwa ye-aquarium bese ushiya ukukhanya okuningi kolunye.
