Yini esiyaziyo ngezinhlwathi? Incazelo ejwayelekile: izidalwa ezinomusa nezinhle ezivela emndenini wezinkomo. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akulona iqiniso impela. Ama-Antelopes kunesithombe esihlangene sezilwane ezinezimpondo.
Phakathi kwazo kunezibonelo ekubukekeni kwazo okubonakalayo okunye ukuphambuka emigqeni eyamukelwe: ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ama-clumsy (ama-bubal noma ama-cow antelopes), afana namahhashi (ama-saber-horned antelopes), kanye nesiqu esincane kakhulu (esifushane).
Futhi kukhona abameleli abagcine ukubukeka kwabo, kepha bathola ezinye izici ezengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, insephe... Phakathi kwezinye izihlobo, kubonakala njengokuqina komphimbo, lapho wathola igama lawo lesibili inyamazane yembuzi.
Lesi silwane esingajwayelekile sisengozini. Ngakho-ke, manje ingatholakala kuphela endaweni encane emaqeleni ase-Central Asia. Futhi, ngeshwa, bangasitshela ukuthi ungubani insephe, neNcwadi Ebomvu ERussia. Ake simazi kangcono.
UDzeren ungenye yezinhlobo zezinyamazane ezingavamile
Incazelo nezici
UDzeren esithombeni kakhulu njengensephe noma inyamazane yenyamazane, kuphela komthethosisekelo ominyene kakhulu. Isibonelo esatholakala eTransbaikalia nguPeter Simon Pallas ngo-1777, ngemuva kokuhlangana ezindaweni eziphezulu zoMfula iMangut, sichazwa okokuqala. Ngakho-ke ngokomlando kufanelekile ukumbiza Insephe yaseTransbaikal.
Ukufingqa idatha yezinhlobonhlobo, singasho ukuthi usayizi ekubuneni awudluli u-85 cm, ubude bomzimba kusukela ekugcineni kwempumu kuya emsileni kufika ku-150 cm, kanti isisindo sifinyelela kuma-35 kg. Lawa ngamapharamitha wesilisa omkhulu, kanti abesifazane bangaphansi ngamaphesenti ayi-10 kuwo wonke amaphuzu. Ngokuwa, abanumzane baba namandla amakhulu, isisindo sabo sifinyelela kuma-47 kg, futhi izintokazi zithola izinkomba zazo zangaphambilini ezingama-35 kg.
Abesilisa kuphela abangaziqhayisa ngezimpondo. Zibonakala zinezinyanga ezinhlanu ezinesimo samaqhubu amancane bese zikhula kukho konke ukuphila kwazo. Usayizi omkhulu ungama-30-32 cm.Izimpondo zibukeka njengehabhu elinokugoba okuncane emuva nangaphakathi.
Umbala uyashintsha kusuka kwesinsundu ngokunsundu kuya kokumpunga okuphuzi phezulu. Ingaphezulu lingu-1/3 elibushelelezi, kokunye kwalo kukhona ukuqina ngesimo semikhawulo. Ngenxa yazo, izimpondo zibukeka njengezinduku ezinamandla ezimbambo.
Isici esihlukile semazi yensikazi ukukhula emphinjeni okufana ne-goiter, yingakho lesi silwane sibizwa nangokuthi i-goiter antelope.
Umbala wejazi uyahluka ngesizini. Ehlobo - umbala wekhofi nobisi, ebusika uba lula futhi ube mkhulu Uboya buphenduka ijazi loboya obukhulu. Ngisho nokubukeka kwesilwane kwehlukile, kubukeka sengathi kukhulu futhi kuyajiya.
Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba, kubandakanya isisu, imilenze nentamo, imhlophe. Yonke indawo engemuva (isibuko) nayo iyakhanya futhi ivolumu, umngcele ongaphezulu ungaphezulu komsila. Izinwele ezimile ezindebeni nasezihlathini zigobe kancane ziye phansi, futhi kubukeka sengathi kungamadevu noma izinsini ezivuvukele.
Futhi, ekugcineni, ikhadi lokuvakasha nomehluko omkhulu kwezinye izihlobo. Imvamisa inomusa kwezinye izinhlwathi, intamo yensikazi ibukeka inamandla kakhulu futhi iveze ukukhula okukhulu ngaphambili phakathi, njenge-goiter.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana emadodeni, lokhu ukuqina kuthatha umthunzi odumayo - mpunga omnyama ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kukhona ama-nuances ambalwa ekubukeni kwezinsikazi. Amakhala abo abekwe ngo-S, izindlebe zabo zinde futhi azizungezi, kepha zinezeluleko ezibukhali. Kancane kancane futhi bazofana nonogwaja.
Izinhlobo
Insephe yaseTibet... Ihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina emaphakathi futhi ngokwenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya emaphakathi. Isiza sincane futhi siseduze kakhulu ne-Himalaya neTibet. Ngokusobala uyazithanda izintaba. Ngakho-ke, kwenzeka ngisho nasendaweni ephakeme ka-5.5 km nangaphezulu. Amasayizi aphakathi nendawo - afinyelela ku-105 cm ubude, aze afike ku-65 cm ukuphakama, futhi anesisindo esifinyelela ku-16 kg.
Umsila mfushane, ungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Ngemuva kunoboya obukhulu obumbala onsundu ngokumpunga, obuguquka ngokubonakalayo ehlobo. Njengomhlobiso onqenqemeni, unamabala amise okwenhliziyo amise okwenhliziyo. Unokuzwa okujulile nombono. Imidumba iyathandwa njengokudla.
Insephe yaseTibet esithombeni
UDzeren Przewalski... Isihlobo esiseduze sesifanekiso sangaphambilini. Mncane, mncane, unamehlo amakhulu nezindlebe ezimfishane nezicijile. Uhlala eChina kuphela, enyakatho ntshonalanga yezwe. Abantu abaningi basindile futhi batholakala ezifundeni ezinhlanu ezihlukene ezungeze iLake Kukunor.
Zihlala ngamaqembu amancane anamakhanda afinyelela kwali-10, kuthi ezeduna zizame ukuhamba zodwa. Xhumana nomunye ngesikhalo esifushane, esinokuthula. Ukudla kuqukethe ama-sedge kanye namakhambi ahlukahlukene, kanye nezihlahlana ezifana ne-astragalus. Bavame ukuhlanganyela indawo yokuhlala nezinsikazi zaseTibetan, kepha abancintisani.
Insephe yaseMongolia... Mhlawumbe uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu. Futhi izimpondo zayo zinde futhi ziyajiya kunezinye izinhlobo. Ngaphezu kweMongolia, ingatholakala eChina futhi ngokwengxenye iseRussia, yize kuyivelakancane ezweni lethu.
Kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amane yokuqala yekhulu elidlule, yayiyiningi impela eTuva, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inani labo lehla. Kwesinye isikhathi i-subspecies ehlukile iyahlukaniswa Insephe ye-Altai... Lesi sakamuva sinoboya obumnyama, igebhezi elibanzi kanye nezinsalela ezinkulu zomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpondo zibanzi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Lapho lezi zidalwa sezitholakele e-tundra steppes emazwenikazi amabili - eNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia. Okungenani, izinsalela ezitholakele zikhuluma ngakho. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezulu esifudumele kancane kancane sabaphoqa ukuba bathuthe, ngakho-ke bagcina bengene emathafeni ase-Asia. Imvelo enkulu ngamathafa awomile anezihlahlana eziphansi nesoyi elincane.
Ehlobo, zihamba ngokukhululeka ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile. Futhi ebusika, indlala ibaphoqa ukuba baqoqane basondele ezihlahleni. Isilwane semazi iqine kakhulu futhi iyabekezela. Ukufuna ukudla nokudla, bangahamba amabanga amade.
Njengabahambeli bangempela, abahlali endaweni eyodwa izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili. Futhi zihamba kakhulu, zikwazi ukugijima ngejubane elifinyelela ku-80 km / h. Lapho zifuduka, zishiya amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-200 ngosuku. I-Antelope isebenza kakhulu ngezikhathi zasekuseni nakusihlwa. Futhi ukuphumula, babela ingxenye yesibili yemini nobusuku.
Babuthana ngemihlambi emikhulu enamakhanda angaba yizinkulungwane ezi-3, futhi emaqenjini anjalo bahlala izinyanga ezimbalwa. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokuzala noma ngaphambi kokufuduka, imihlambi ngayinye iqoqekile ibe ukwakheka okukhulu okufika ku-30-40 izinkulungwane.
Kuvamile ukuthi izinsephe ziqoqane ngemihlambi emikhulu.
Ukuhamba kweqembu lezinyamazane elinjalo emathafeni kuyathandeka. Njengendunduma yesihlabathi, zishanela emfudlaneni ophilayo unqamule amathafa wamahhala. Kuyihlazo ukuthi umbukiso onjalo awubonwa kaningi. Ngonyaka we-2011, indawo engaba amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-214 yabelwa empumalanga yeDaursky reserve yokulondolozwa "Isigodi se-Gazelleยป.
Itholakala emaqeleni asesifundeni iDauro-Mongolian. Imingcele eseningizimu yesigcino ihambisana nomngcele woMbuso waseRussia. Kunezilwane nezitshalo ezingavamile ezivame kakhulu eSouth-Eastern Transbaikalia, azikho kwenye indawo eRussia.
Idlala indima ebalulekile kukho kokubili ukongiwa nokubuyiselwa kwabantu abaningi njengohlobo oluthile. Ngokwesibonelo, Insephe yensikazi eRussia, itholakala kuphela endaweni yalesi siqiwi kanye neDaursky reserve eseduze nayo. Ngakho-ke, isilwane sethu sivame ukubizwa insephe ye-daurian.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ama-steppes endabuko enkomo ahlukile ngokudla okuhlukahlukene. Isizini kuphela engenza umehluko. Ehlobo, zondla utshani, utshani obuhlukahlukene, amahlumela amahlathi nezinye izitshalo ezahlukahlukene (hay, corn, plantain).
Akudingeki ukuthi zingabi namandla, ngakho-ke wonke amakhambi ahlangane nawo endleleni ayasetshenziswa - utshani bezimpaphe, i-cinquefoil, i-tansy, i-hodgepodge ngisho nomhlonyane obabayo. Ngendlela, ngumhlonyane okhanyisa izinyanga zobusika. Eduze nesimo sezulu esibandayo, lesi sitshalo siba nomsoco futhi siqukethe amaprotheni amaningi.
Ebusika, kusetshenziswa amagatsha amancane ezihlahla nezihlahla. Ngenxa yokunyakaza okungaguquguquki, ngisho nokucinana okuxinene komhlambi akubangeli ingozi ezinhlokweni zezintaba. Banesikhathi sokululama ngaphambi kocingo olulandelayo.
Ama-Antelopes aphuza kancane, angakwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi nhlobo kuze kube amasonto amabili, anelisekile ngomswakama otholakala ezitshalweni. Futhi ebusika badla iqhwa. Kuphela entwasahlobo nasekwindla, lapho kungasekho iqhwa futhi kungekho utshani, badinga amanzi amaningi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka eneminyaka engama-2-3. Abesilisa bathola injabulo yokuhlangana esikhathini esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-3-4, nabesifazane ngaphezulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinsephe zabesifazane ziphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10, kanti abesilisa baphila kancane kakhulu - cishe abayi-6. Bachitha amandla amaningi ngesikhathi se-rut, esiwela ngesikhathi esibandayo sonyaka - uDisemba.
Imvamisa, abaningi ngaleso sikhathi ababubekezeleli ubusika obunzima, noma bafe ngamazinyo ezilwane ezidlayo. Ngakho-ke, kungabhekwa njengokufanelekile ukuthi izinsephe zesilisa ziyizilwane zesithembu. Bazama ukuba nesikhathi sokuthatha yonke into empilweni. Abesilisa abanesipiliyoni futhi abanamandla kakhulu bazizungeza ngabafazi besifazane abangaba ngu-20-30.
Okufanekisiwe yinyamazane yenyamazane yenyamazane
Inombolo yabo ingashintsha, abanye bahambe, abanye beze. Ukuqhubeka nohlobo, umhlambi minyaka yonke uzama ukubuyela endaweni yawo yakudala. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi izala amawundlu izinsuku ezingama-190. Ukuzala inkomo kuvame ukwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa noma amabili.
Esibhedlela sokubeletha, indawo ethile emhlangeni noma otshanini obukhulu iyanakekelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izingane zinesisindo esingaba ngu-3.5-4 kg. Bavuka ngemilenze yabo ngehora, kepha abajahile ukugijima - ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala bacasha otshanini obukhulu. Umama udla kancane eceleni, uzama ukungadonseli ukunaka kwezilwane ezinganeni.
Imvamisa, izingane ziyasukuma ziphakame ngesikhathi sokudla. Uma ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane kwenzeka ngalesi sikhathi, izingane zigijimela unina zize zicashe ngokuphelele otshanini. Imifino iqala ukuhlafuna ngemuva kwesonto lokuqala, kepha i-daisy cuisine ihlala izinyanga ezi-5. Ngokuya ngejubane, akuzona zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye ezingaziqhathanisa nazo.
Kepha insephe noma imvu ebuthakathaka isisulu esihle kakhulu nesisulu esilula sempisi, impungushe, noma inyoni enkulu yokuzingela. Kepha isidalwa esiyingozi kakhulu kulezi zidalwa, yiqiniso, ngumuntu. Inani lezinsikazi kwehle kakhulu ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, lapho inyama yabo yanikezwa izidingo zebutho.
Futhi amashumi amabili alandelayo alambile izinsephe eTransbaikalia, U-Altai noTuva babhujiswa ngonya. Empeleni, bagcina kanjalo eRed Book. Isimo esinjalo eRussia sidinga ukunakwa okungantengantengi, ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe ekuzingelweni ngokungemthetho nasezinkulumweni ezingakhathali zabantu.
