Ungasisho kanjani isilwane esifana nenyamazane ebomvu ekwakhiweni nasosayizi, futhi ngokubukeka kuyinhlanganisela exakile yekamela nemvu? Abomdabu baseNyakatho Melika, amaNdiya angamaQuechua, bambiza ngokuthi “wanaku", Okusho ukuthi" zasendle "," ukungaziphathi kahle ".
Kuleli gama kwavela igama esaziyo - guanaco, isilwane esinezinselo ezinemilenze yomndeni wamakamela, ukhokho wasendulo we-llama. IYurophu yaqala ukuzwa ngabamele abaningi bezilwane, zombili zasendle nezasekhaya ngabantu baseMelika bendawo, kufaka phakathi i-huanaco (guanaco), maphakathi nekhulu le-16 leminyaka encwadini yesazi-mlando saseSpain, isihambi, isosha nompristi uPedro Cieza de Leon.
Uzivakashele ngokwakhe eNingizimu Melika, wahamba kakhulu, wabe esechaza ukunqoba (ukunqoba) kwezwekazi encwadini yakhe ethi "Chronicle of Peru". Kusukela esihlokweni sencwadi kuyacaca Uhlala kuliphi izwe i-guanaco.
Incazelo nezici
Umzimba we-guanaco mncane impela, omunye angaze athi unomusa. Uma ungacabangi ngemilenze emide nentamo "yekamela", ungayithatha njengempisi noma inyamazane. Ubude bomzimba cishe buyimitha eli-1.5, ukuphakama emahlombe kungu-1.15 m.
Lawa ngamapharamitha amaphakathi, empeleni, kunokuphambuka okusuka kusayizi kuye ohlangothini oluncane nolukhulu kuze kufike ku-20-25 cm. Futhi ngesisindo. Kubantu abadala, kungaba kusuka ku-115 kuye ku-140 kg, owesilisa uhlale emkhulu kunowesifazane. Intamo ende isebenza njenge-balancer lapho ihamba.
IGuanacos ingagijima ngesivinini esikhulu
Ikhanda libukeka lisemaphakathi, liyindilinga ngokuma, linwetshiwe njenge-llama, futhi lihlotshiswe ngezindlebe ezincane ezihambayo. Izindlebe zicishe zibe uhhafu wobude bekhanda. Imvamisa zimile, kepha zingashintsha isikhundla sazo kuye ngesimo sesilwane esincelisayo.
Isifonyo sifana zombili ikamela nemvu. Amehlo amnyama futhi makhulu kakhulu, izinkophe zinde, uma ukude kubonakala sengathi isilwane sikubhekile nge-lorgnette. Umsila wemvu, ngosayizi oyi-15-25 cm, ucindezelwe emzimbeni. Imilenze mincane futhi iphakeme, izidladla zineminwe emibili, kugcinwa kuphela inzwane yesithathu neyesine.
Izinyawo zincane, zihamba, zihlukaniswe phakathi kwezinzwani. Ohlangothini olungaphakathi lwezitho, kubonakala imisuka yokuqala yeminwe enyamalele, ebizwa ngokuthi "ama-chestnut". Uboya buminyene, bude, buzungezisa kancane, buqukethe ingubo yangaphansi emfushane nezinwele eziqinile futhi ezinde. Ipendwe nge-terracotta noma umbala obomvu onsundu.
Kwesinye isikhathi kunamabala akhanyayo noma amnyama emzimbeni. Imilenze, intamo nesisu kukhanya, kucishe kube mhlophe. Isifonyo siyimpunga emnyama, nezindlebe zimpunga ngokukhanyayo. IGuanaco ifanekiselwa ngakolunye uhlangothi kubukeka kuthinta kakhulu, ngenxa yamehlo amakhulu amanzi, ngakolunye - ngokuziqhenya ngenxa yesilevu esiphakeme, kwenza ukubukeka kwesilwane kudeleleke.
Izinhlobo
Lesi sidalwa asinazo izinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ama-llamas, ama-vicuñas nama-alpaca yizihlobo eziseduze ze-guanacos. Kulezi zilwane ezine ezingenhla, ezimbili zasendle kanti ezinye ezimbili zitholakala kulezo zasendle.
- Llama (ILyama) nayo ihlala eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi ePeru. Kokubili ama-artiodactyls - i-llama ne-guanaco - akha uhlobo lwe-llamas. Eqinisweni, i-llama yizinhlobo zasekhaya ze-guanaco, inqubo yokufuya yaqala eminyakeni engaba ngu-5000 eyedlule. Zinde kancane kunezihlobo zazo zasendle, ikhanda lifushane futhi lincane, izindlebe ziqonde futhi zincane, izindebe zinoboya.Lama lifana ngisho nekamela, kodwa alinaso isihlunu. Kepha ahlanganiswe nezinsimbi zokugcina ze-canine emhlathini ongenhla namaphakethe abizelwe izinselo zezinselo. Babuye bahlafune ushingamu futhi bangaphimisela amathe uma becasukile.
Umbala wejazi ungahluka - i-piebald, ebomvu, mpunga futhi umnyama. Uboya buthathwa njengobuyigugu, amakhandlela enziwa ngamafutha, kanti nomquba usetshenziswa njengophethiloli. Abantu bendawo bazisebenzisa njengezilwane ezithwalayo, ama-llamas anqoba kalula ukudlula kwezintaba ezinzima kuze kufike kuma-40-50 km ngosuku, ngomthwalo ofinyelela kuma-100 kg.
- UVicuna (I-Vigon) yisilwane esincelisayo esinezinselo ezinamazinyo ahlukanisiwe, zihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ze-monotypic emndenini wekamela. Ihlala futhi eNingizimu Melika, ezindaweni ezinezintaba zaseChile, ePeru, e-Ecuador, e-Argentina naseBolivia. Ngaphandle, ziyefana kakhulu ne-guanacos. Kulahleka kancane ngosayizi, futhi kube nomusa ngokwengeziwe ekwakhiweni. Ubude bazo abufinyeleli ku-1.5 m, kanti isisindo sazo singu-50 kg. Uboya bufiphele, buphuzi ngokubomvu emzimbeni ophezulu ("umbala we-vigoni"), ezansi - uthambe kakhulu, umthunzi wobisi olubhakwe. Siwugqinsi kakhulu futhi sivikela isilwane kahle emakhazeni asentabeni. Ikhwalithi ehlukile yama-vicunas ukuba khona kwama-incisors aphansi akhula njalo. Lokhu kubenza babukeke njengamagundane, ayikho i-artiodactyls enophawu olunjalo.
Emithambekeni yezintaba, uhlaza luncane kakhulu, futhi izinselo zalo zithambile futhi ziyazwela, ngakho-ke zivame ukukhetha ukuthola amadlelo amancane ambozwe ngotshani futhi aklabe lapho. Uhambo olude ezintabeni akulona olwabo.
- I-Alpaca (paco) - sesine sezilwane ezihlala eNingizimu Melika, uCieza de Leona azihlanganisa ngaphansi komqondo ojwayelekile "wamakamela oMhlaba Omusha." Zihlukile kumakamela ezwekazi lethu esaziwa ngokungabi khona kwe-hump. Ama-Alpaca mancane kune-llama, anesisindo esingaba ngama-70 kg futhi anengubo ethambile futhi ende ebukeka ifana nezimvu kakhulu kune-guanacos. Uboya bezinhlangothi zabo bufinyelela ku-20 cm ubude. AmaNdiya asePeru aqala ukuwafuya eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-6,000 edlule, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva ye-DNA, evela e-vicunas. Zitshalwa ikakhulu ngoboya, lapho benza khona izingubo zokulala ezibushelelezi nezifudumeza kahle, omata nezingubo. Izikhumbuzo ezahlukahlukene nezinto zasendlini zenziwa ngesikhumba.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
IGuanaco ihlala ezintabeni nasezifundeni eziphakeme ze-Andes, kanye nasezindaweni eziseduze ezinamahlathi nezingwadule. Indawo abahlala kuyo isukela eTierra del Fuego eningizimu yezwekazi iye enyakatho yePeru, idabula iChile neArgentina. Umphakathi omncane uhlala eningizimu yeParaguay. Indawo abahlala kuyo kufanele ivuleke ngokwanele futhi ibonakale, ngoba isilwane guanaco nginamahloni kakhulu.
Iyunithi yezenhlalo yindlukazi. Umholi owesilisa osekhulile, umi ekhanda lomhlambi wezinsikazi nabantu abasha, unamakhanda angama-20 kuphela. Lapho amaduna amancane evuthwa aze afike ezinyangeni eziyi-6-12, umholi uwaxosha emhlambini. Angakwazi futhi ukwenza nowesifazane, ngokusobala uma ekhathele nguye. Abesilisa abadala bagcinwa ngamaqembu ahlukene noma bodwa.
Izilwane ezindala noma izilwane ezifelwe abesifazane nazo zizama ukuhlala zodwa. Insimu ehlala umhlambi womndeni incike esifundeni sokuhlala. Owesilisa ulawula ukuthi kungangeni muntu esikhaleni sabo. Kuphela eminyakeni yesimo sezulu esingesihle, imihlambi yomndeni kanye neyabesilisa abesilisa nabobulili obufanayo bathutheleka esinqeni esiphelele esingamakhanda angama-500 futhi bebonke bafuna ukudla.
Lapho umhlambi usuklabile, owesilisa uhlala eqalaza nxazonke. Uma kwenzeka kuba yingozi, unikeza isignali ebukhali ngempempe, futhi wonke umhlambi uqala ngejubane ngesivinini sama-55-60 km / h. Umholi uqobo lwakhe uhlanganisa umhlambi ngemuva.
Lapho zivikela ezitheni, ziyaluma futhi zikhahlele, kepha kaningi ziyabaleka, kwesinye isikhathi zingene emanzini, ngoba ama-guanacos angabashukumi abakahle. Ziphinde zikhafule kahle ngenhlanganisela yamafinyila acinene namathe. "Imikhuba emibi" enjalo ngokusobala yenze amaNdiya asendulo awabiza "wanaku". Ekuthunjweni, bayizilwane ezimnene futhi ezinesidina, ikakhulukazi lapho zincane. Abantu abadala bakhombisa ukudelela kwabo abantu ngazo zonke izindlela.
Ukudla okunomsoco
AmaGuanosos abadla imifino kuphela, badla ukudla kwezitshalo kuphela. Ukuhlala kaningi ezindaweni ezinzima, abanesizotha futhi ababi nandaba lapho bekhetha. Ziphila ngokudla noma yiziphi izitshalo, zingenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Uma kunokwenzeka, abaphuzi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi baphuza namanzi amancane.
Ezintabeni ze-Andes, zondla kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili zezihlahla - i-mulinum ne-colletia. Zombili lezi zitshalo zibekezelela izimo ezomile nelanga eliqondile kahle. Izinhlamvana, amakhowe, i-cacti, amajikijolo, izithelo ngisho nezimbali zifakiwe kwimenyu yazo.
Ebumnyameni, bavame ukuphumula, ngokuqala kokusa, amandla ayavuka, emini, umsebenzi uphazanyiswa ukuphumula kaningana. Ekuseni nakusihlwa, umhlambi uya ezindaweni zokuchelela. Kuma-zoo, ama-guanacos ondliwa ngotshani, kuthi ehlobo ahlinzeke ngotshani namagatsha. Ukudla kufaka ama-oats, imifino, igciwane likakolweni, ummbila.
Izivakashi ziyaxwayiswa ukuthi zingazondli izilwane ngama-apula nizaqathe, ingasaphathwa eyesinkwa. Isilwane singafa ngofulawa. Uma isondela, akusho ukuthi ilambile, kepha ifuna ukuxhumana nje.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuzalisa (i-rut) sama-guanacos siqala ehlobo, ihlobo kuphela elinobude obuhlukile ezindaweni lapho lihlala khona. Enyakatho yebanga, isikhathi sokukhwelana senzeka ngoJulayi-Agasti, kanti ezifundeni eziseningizimu sihlala kuze kube nguFebhuwari. Abesilisa balwela kanzima abesifazane, bayaluma, bakhahlele, basukume ngemilenze yabo yangemuva njengamakamela.
Bayalwa impela, kwesinye isikhathi bayishiya impi ilimele kabi. Iqhawe elinqobile bese liqala ukukhetha abesifazane. Owesilisa oyedwa angaba neziningana zazo, ngokuzayo unesibopho sabo bonke. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11.
Esithombeni, i-guanaco enengane
Umama uthwala ingane eyodwa kuphela, isisindo sayo cishe siyi-10% yesisindo sikamama. Uma kuzalwa amawundlu amabili, eyodwa ayisoze yasinda. Engxenyeni yokuqala yehora, izinyane selivele lisukuma ngezinselo zalo, kwesinye isikhathi lesi simanga siyenzeka ngomzuzu wesihlanu.
Uqala ukondla ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, kepha umama wakhe uyaqhubeka nokumfunza ubisi izinyanga ezimbalwa. Lapho esenezinyanga eziyi-8, ubhekwa njengokuzimela, futhi ufinyelela ebusheni ngeminyaka emibili. Isikhathi sokuphila sama-guanacos ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka engama-20, ekuthunjweni - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-28.
Izitha zemvelo
Ezilwazini, isidalwa esesabekayo njenge-guanaco sinezitha eziningi. Okokuqala, izidalwa ezinkulu ezivela emndenini we-feline. Ikakhulukazi i-cougar. Uqamekela ehlathini, ahambe azingele sekuhwalala, ngokushesha okukhulu nangobungcweti. Ungaphunyuka kukho kuphela ngokukuqaphela ngesikhathi.
Imvamisa isisulu sesilwane kungamazinyane we-guanaco. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpisi ezinamadoda, izinja nabantu kubhekwa njengengozi kuma-guanacos. Ngakho-ke, ama-llamas asendle azama ukukhuphukela phezulu ezintabeni ukuze azivikele engozini.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- IGuanacos ingabizwa ngezilwane ezihlanzekile, njengoba zinomkhuba omangalisayo wokuya endlini yangasese enqwabeni eyodwa evamile. AmaNdiya asebenzisa ubulongwe ukwenza uphethiloli awudingi ukuhamba futhi awuthathe isikhathi eside.
- Ukubabamba akulula, kepha abomdabu basebenzisa ubuqili. Kususelwa ekufuneni okwedlulele kwalezi zilwane. Umzingeli ulele phansi bese eqala ukushwiba imilenze nezingalo zakhe emoyeni, kanti i-guanaco cishe njalo ifika izobheka ilukuluku. Lapha zingabanjwa kalula.
- Uma umhlambi womndeni uvikelekile engozini ngumholi wesilisa, khona-ke emihlambini yobulili obufanayo emadodeni amadala, "abalindi" abakhethekile babelwe ukuqapha nokukhomba ingozi, futhi bangangena esikhundleni sinye.
- Isazi semvelo esingumNgisi nomlobi uJeld Darrell wayichaza kahle kakhulu i-guanaco. Incazelo ecacile nenemibalabala yowesilisa nezintombi zakhe ezintathu, kanye namazinyane amabili aphume ukuyofuna ukwazi ngalolu hambo, kuvusa isisa. Ikakhulukazi, njengoba ebhala, isigamu sowesifazane salo mkhankaso sijabule, "ukubonakala kwakhe okungenacala kwesidalwa kukhipha ukububula nomdlandla ngomdlandla." Injalo i-guanaco - iyathandeka, iyaqaphela, kepha inelukuluku lokwazi.
