Ufudu olukhazimulayo (Astrochelys radiata) lungolokuhleleka kofudu, isigaba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ukusatshalaliswa kofudu olukhazimulayo.
Ufudu olukhazimulayo lutholakala ngokwemvelo kuphela emaphethelweni aseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMadagascar. Lolu hlobo lwethulwa nasesiqhingini esiseduze saseReunion.
Indawo yokuhlala yofudu olukhazimulayo.
Ufudu olukhazimulayo lutholakala emahlathini omile, anameva eningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMadagascar. Indawo yokuhlala ihlukaniswe kakhulu kanti izimfudu seziseduze nokuqothulwa. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlala esiqeshaneni esincanyana esingamakhilomitha angama-50 - 100 ukusuka ogwini. Insimu ayidluli cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-10,000.
Lezi zindawo zaseMadagascar zinezimvula eziphansi ezingajwayelekile, kanti nezimila ze-xerophytic zikhona kulezi zindawo. Izimfudu ezikhazimulayo zingatholakala emathafeni aphakeme angaphakathi nezwe, kanye nasezindundumeni zesihlabathi ezisogwini, lapho zondla khona kakhulu otshanini kanye nepheya eliyisitraki elifakiwe. Ngesikhathi semvula, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyavela emadwaleni, lapho amanzi aqoqana khona lapho kudonswa khona ngemuva kwemvula.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zofudu olukhazimulayo.
Ufudu olukhazimulayo - lunobude begobolondo obungu-24.2 kuya ku-35.6 cm nesisindo esifinyelela kuma-35 kilograms. Ufudu olukhazimulayo lungenye yezimfudu ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Unamagobolondo aphakeme, unekhanda elibuthuntu nezitho zendlovu. Imilenze nekhanda kuphuzi, ngaphandle kwendawo engazinzile, eguquguqukayo emnyama emnyama phezulu kwekhanda.
I-carapace iyacwebezela, ibhalwe imigqa ephuzi ephuma esikhungweni esikhungweni ngasinye esimnyama, yingakho igama lohlobo lwayo luthi "ufudu olukhazimulayo". Le ndlela "yenkanyezi" inemininingwane eminingi futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kunezinhlobo zofudu ezihlobene. Imikhuba ye-carapace ibushelelezi futhi ayinaso isimo esibi, esinephiramidi, njengakwezinye izimfudu. Kunokwehluka okuncane kobulili kwangaphandle kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane, abesilisa banemisila emide, futhi inothi le-plastron ngaphansi komsila liyabonakala kakhulu.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kofudu olukhazimulayo.
Izimfudu ezikhazimulayo zesilisa ziyazala lapho zifinyelela kubude obunga-12 cm, abesifazane kufanele babe ngamasentimitha amaningana ubude. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, owesilisa ukhombisa indlela yokuziphatha enomsindo, anqekuzise ikhanda futhi ahogele izitho zangemuva zowesifazane ne-cloaca. Kwezinye izimo, uphakamisa owesifazane ngomphetho ongaphambili wegobolondo lakhe ukuze ambambe uma ezama ukubaleka. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa usondela eduze kowesifazane ngemuva bese engqongqoza endaweni yakudala yeplastron egobolondweni lowesifazane. Ngasikhathi sinye uyahayiza abubule, imisindo enjalo ivame ukuhambisana nokuhlangana kwezimfudu. Insikazi izalela amaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-12 emgodini ojijwe ngamasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kwayi-8 ngaphambili bese iyahamba. Izinsikazi ezivuthiwe zikhiqiza amaqhuqhuva afika kathathu ngesizini ngayinye, esidlekeni ngasinye kusuka emaqanda afinyelela ku-1-5. Cishe ama-82% wabesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi bazala.
Inzalo ikhula isikhathi eside - izinsuku eziyi-145 - 231.
Izimfudu ezincane ziba ngosayizi kusuka ku-32 kuye ku-40 mm. Zipendwe ngokumhlophe qwa. Njengoba zikhula, amagobolondo azo aqala ukubukeka. Ayikho imininingwane eqondile ngobude bezimfudu ezikhazimulayo emvelweni, kukholakala ukuthi ziphila iminyaka eyi-100.
Ukudla ufudu olukhazimulayo.
Izimfudu ezikhazimulayo ziyizilwane ezidla imifino. Izitshalo zakha cishe u-80-90% wokudla kwazo. Zondla emini, zidla utshani, izithelo, izitshalo ezinamanzi. Ukudla okuthandayo - i-cactus eliphakathi kwe-prickly. Ekuthunjweni, izimfudu ezikhazimulayo zondliwa ngobhatata, izaqathe, ama-apula, ubhanana, amahlumela e-alfalfa, nezicucu zekhabe. Zidla njalo endaweni efanayo ezindaweni ezinezimila eziphansi kakhulu. Izimfudu ezikhazimulayo zibonakala zikhetha amaqabunga amancane namahlumela ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi nefayibha encane kakhulu.
Izinsongo kufudu elikhazimulayo labantu.
Ukubanjwa kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo nokulahleka kwendawo okuhlala kuyo kuyizinsongo kufudu olukhazimulayo. Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kuhlanganisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo evulekile njengendawo yokulima yokudla imfuyo, nokushiswa kwezinkuni ukukhiqiza amalahle. Izimfudu ezingavamile ziyabanjwa zithengiswe emaqoqweni aphesheya futhi zisetshenziswe izakhamuzi zendawo.
Abathengisi base-Asia baphumelela ekushushumbiseni izilwane, ikakhulukazi isibindi sezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ezindaweni ezivikelekile zaseMahafali nase-Antandroy, izimfudu ezikhazimulayo zizizwa ziphephile uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa kwezinye izindawo zibanjwa izivakashi nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Cishe zingama-45,000 izimfudu ezikhazimulayo ezindala ezithengiswa minyaka yonke kusuka kulesi siqhingi. Inyama yofudu iyisidlo esimnandi futhi ithandwa kakhulu ngoKhisimusi nangePhasika. Izindawo ezivikelekile azigadiwe ngokwanele futhi ukuqoqwa okukhulu kwezimfudu kuyaqhubeka ngaphakathi ezindaweni ezivikelwe. Abantu baseMadagascar bavame ukugcina izimfudu njengezilwane ezifuywayo, kanye nezinkukhu namadada.
Isimo sokongiwa kofudu olukhazimulayo.
Ufudu olukhazimulayo lusengozini enkulu ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukubanjwa okungavinjelwe ukusetshenziswa kwenyama, nokudayiswa kuma-zoo nasezinkulisa ezizimele. Ukuhweba ngezilwane ezisohlwini lweSithasiselo I kumhlangano we-CITES kusho ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kokungeniswa noma ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezimo zomnotho ezingezinhle eMadagascar, imithetho eminingi ayinakwa. Inani lezimfudu ezikhazimulayo liyancipha ngesilinganiso esiyinhlekelele futhi lingaholela ekuqothulweni okuphelele kohlobo lwasendle.
Ufudu olukhazimulayo luyizinhlobo ezivikelwe ngaphansi koMthetho waseMalagasy Emhlabeni jikelele, lolu hlobo lunomkhakha okhethekile ku-1968 African Conservation Convention, futhi kusukela ngo-1975 lubhalwe ku-Appendix I we-CITES Convention, enikeza lezi zilwane izinga eliphakeme lokuvikelwa.
Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN, ufudu olukhazimulayo lubhekwa njengolusengozini.
Ngo-Agasti 2005, emhlanganweni womphakathi wamazwe omhlaba, kwethulwa isibikezelo esethusayo sokuthi ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu ngokushesha futhi okuphawulekayo, inani lezimfudu ezikhazimulayo kungenzeka linyamalale endle kungakapheli isizukulwane esisodwa, noma iminyaka engama-45. Kuhlongozwe uhlelo olukhethekile ngezinyathelo ezinconyiwe zokongiwa kwezimfudu ezikhazimulayo. Kubandakanya ukulinganiselwa kwabantu okuyimpoqo, ukufundiswa komphakathi kanye nokuqapha ukuhweba ngezilwane emhlabeni jikelele.
Kunezindawo ezine ezivikelwe nezindawo ezintathu ezingeziwe: iTsimanampetsotsa - iPaki kaZwelonke enendawo engama-43,200 ha, iBesan Mahafali - indawo ekhethekile yokubekelela engamahektare angama-67,568, iCap Saint-Marie - indawo ekhethekile - 1,750 ha, Andohahela National Park - 76,020 ha neBerenty , indawo yangasese enendawo engamahektha angama-250, iHatokaliotsy - amahektha angama-21 850, eNyakatho Tulear - amahektha ayi-12 500. I-Aifati inesikhungo sokuzalanisa ufudu.
