ILinnet, noma i-repola (iCarduelis cannabina) inyoni encane yezingoma yomndeni wakwaFinch ne-oda lePasserine. Kunenkinga ukugcina izinyoni ezinjalo ekhaya, ngoba lezi zinyoni azijwayeli abantu kahle. Lapho igcinwe nezinye izinyoni endaweni evulekile nebanzi, iLinnet ethanda inkululeko izizwa ikhululekile impela.
Incazelo yeLinnet
Ubukhulu bale nyoni enosayizi ophakathi nendawo bungamasentimitha ayi-14-16 kuphela ngamaphiko omuntu omdala ebangeni elingama-23-26 cm... Isisindo esimaphakathi se-linnet singahluka phakathi kwama-20-22 amagremu. Ubude obujwayelekile bephiko lowesilisa osekhulile bungu-76.5-83.5, kanti lokho kowesifazane akweqi ku-71-81. Ezifundeni eziningi inyoni yezingoma ibizwa ngokuthi i-repel, futhi endaweni yesifunda saseKharkov, izinyoni ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi abapristi.
Ukubukeka
Abamele umndeni wakwaFinch ne-oda lamaPasseriform banomlomo onomumo oyindilinga ophawuleka kakhulu hhayi omude kakhulu. Umbala womlomo uyimpunga. Umsila walenyoni umnyama ngombala nomngcele omhlophe obonakala kahle. Ikhanda leLinnet linombala ompunga, futhi kunebala elibomvu esiphongweni. Umphimbo wale nyoni uhlotshiswe ngomugqa omhlophe. Amehlo ansundu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umehluko omkhulu kusuka kuma-subspecies aphakanyisiwe ukuba khona komphimbo okhanyayo onama-specks ajwayelekile futhi amancane, kanye ne-uppertail elula, lapho ama-specks ansundu engahlangani nhlobo.
Indawo yesifuba yabesilisa abadala imbozwe izimpaphe ezibomvu, kanti nasezinyonini ezincane nakwabesifazane, ithoni ebomvu ayitholakali ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke isifuba simbozwe izimpaphe ezimpunga. Imilenze kaLinnet mide impela, inombala onsundu onsundu. Iminwe emincane yemikhawulo yale nyoni ifakwe uzipho olucijile. Izimpaphe zokundiza zimnyama ngombala nomngcele omhlophe.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
ILinnet ingumhlali wendawo yamasiko. Izinyoni ezinjalo zivame ukuhlala ezitshalweni zensimu, uthango, futhi zihlale emahlathini avikelayo nasezihlahleni. Izinyoni ezindala zivame ukukhetha amahlumela anezihlahla emadlelweni nasemaphethelweni ehlathi. Izinyoni ezifudukayo kuphela engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga lokusabalalisa kwazo zihola impilo yokuzulazula noma yokuhlala phansi.
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, abameleli abaculayo bomndeni wakwaFinches ne-oda lamaPasseriform bafika kusenesikhathi ngokwanele, cishe ngoMashi noma ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zika-Ephreli, ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukwakha izidleke kakhulu. Ingoma kaLinnet iyinkimbinkimbi, kepha imnandi, iqukethe ama-trill ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi abhibhidlayo, agcwaliswa ngokuhayiza, ukushaya amakhwela nokuhayiza, belandelana ngokulandelana okungapheli. Zonke izakhi zengoma kaLinnet ziyi-sketchy.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi abesilisa beLinnet abalokothi bacule bodwa, ngakho-ke izinyoni eziningana eziculayo nakanjani ziba sebangeni elifushane ngasikhathi sinye.
Abesilisa beLinnet bacula behleli ezihlahleni noma eziqongweni zezihlahla, ezicingweni, ezakhiweni nasezintanjeni. Kulokhu, abesilisa ngesimilo baphakamisa i-crest ekhanda labo bese bejika kolunye uhlangothi. Ngezikhathi ezithile owesilisa uyakwazi ukusuka nengoma ephezulu kakhulu emoyeni, futhi ngemuva kwemijikelezo emibili noma emithathu inyoni ihlela kalula emuva.
Isikhathi sokucula sihlala kusukela ekufikeni kuze kube umzuzu wokuhamba, futhi umsebenzi omkhulu kunawo wonke ubonwa ezikhathini zangaphambi kokukhulelwa nezidleke. Ukufuduka kwezinyoni ekwindla kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaSepthemba no-Okthoba.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-linnet
Izinyoni zezingoma ezincane ezinomsila omude aziphakathi kwezibindi ezinde phakathi kwezinyoni, kepha isilinganiso sazo sokuphila ezimweni zemvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye. Ngokusho kwezazi ze-ornithologists, ekuthunjweni, kepha kuphela ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izilwane ezifuywayo ezinamaphiko zingaphila iminyaka engaba yishumi kuya kwayishumi nanye.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ngentwasahlobo, izimpaphe zesilisa ezisesihlokweni, indawo engaphambili nesifuba zinombala ogqamile we-carmine, futhi ezinqolobaneni zesifazane akukho umbala obomvu. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba inombala onsundu, futhi izinhlangothi nesisu kumhlophe kuzo zombili izinhlobo zobulili, kepha izimpawu ezibalwe nge-dimorphism yezocansi zanele ngokwanele ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa abesifazane kwabesilisa.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yeLinnet Carduelis cannabina ejwayelekile imelwe kuyo yonke iNtshonalanga Yurophu kusukela emngceleni osenyakatho. Eningizimu, abameleli bezinhlobo zitholakala ePyrenees, enyakatho ye-Italy, indawo yase-Austria, iRomania neHungary. Empumalanga, izindawo zokwakha izidleke zeLinnet zaziwa kahle eduze kwaseTyumen.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu, izindawo zokwakha izidleke zitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi zeKobdo nase-Ilek, kanye nasogodini lwamanzi e-Ural ngaseningizimu kuya emingceleni ye-Uralsk. Inani elincane leLinnet litholakala ebhange elingakwesokudla loMfula iVolga eduze kwaseDubovka naseKamyshin. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka nokufuduka, izinyoni zalolu hlobo zibhekwa kuyo yonke inyakatho ye-Afrika, eningizimu yeYurophu, eCaucasus naseTranscaucasia, nase-Asia Ephakathi.
ITurkestan Linnet (iLinaria cannabina bella) isatshalaliswa kusuka e-Asia Minor nasePalestine kuya e-Afghanistan. ECaucasus, abameleli bezinhlobo abahlali ngaphezu kwezintaba, kanye nezintaba zase-Asia Ephakathi, isidleke eTarbagatai nasendaweni yokucindezeleka kweZaisan, ikakhulukazi ezintabeni zezintaba. Ngaseningizimu yeLinnet, zanda eSemirechye, kepha ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphansi. Izinyoni ezinjalo ziningi ngaseDzhambul, eceleni kwezintaba zeTien Shan kuya ezintabeni ezisenyakatho yeTajikistan, iDarvaz neKarategin.
I-Linnet ezejwayelekile yenziwa kakhulu kumasimu wamasiko, kufaka phakathi uthango, izingadi zezithelo kanye nokutshala okuvikelayo eduze kwezindawo ezilinyiwe noma ujantshi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amalinethe eTurkestan agwema ukuhlala ebusika ngaphesheya kwezintaba, lapho izindwangu eziningi zobusika ezijwayelekile zizulazula khona ngalesi sikhathi.
Izindawo ezihlala kuzo zifaka izihlahlana emadlelweni nasemaphethelweni ehlathi, kepha lezi zinyoni azihlali emahlathini aminyene. I-Linnet yaseTurkestan ikhetha ama-steppes asezintabeni owomile anezihlahla ezahlukahlukene ezinameva, ezimelwe yi-barberry, i-astragalus, i-meadowsweet ne-juniper
Ukudla kweLinnet
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-linnet ejwayelekile yizinhlamvu nembewu yezinhlobonhlobo ezihluke kakhulu, kepha ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezinomuthi, kufaka phakathi i-burdock, i-burdock, i-horse sorrel ne-hellebore. Ngamanani amancane kakhulu, abamele umndeni wakwaFinches kanye ne-Passeriformes oda badla izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane.
Amachwane azalwa emhlabeni ondliwa ngabazali bawo ngezinhlamvu nezinambuzane ezinamakhasi. Ukudla okunomsoco we-linnet yaseTurkestan okwamanje akuqondakali kahle, kepha ngokusobala azikho izici ezithile ekudleni kwabo ngokuqhathaniswa nokudla kwe-linnet ejwayelekile.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukwephula i-linnet ngababili kwenzeka, njengomthetho, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli... Abesilisa phakathi nalesi sikhathi babekwa egqumeni elithile, lapho bona, bekhulisa indawo yabo ngesigqoko esibomvu, bacula kakhulu ngokwanele. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngababili bamaLinethi bakhetha ukuhlala kuphela kumasayithi wokuchamela aqinile, lapho kuxoshwa khona abamele uhlobo olufanayo. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke zivame ukukhawulelwa endaweni yazo, ngakho-ke ngababili bezidleke ze-Linnet esidlekeni.
ILinnet ivamise ukuhlala ezihlahleni ezinamandla futhi ezinameva, ikhetha amagatsha aphansi ezihlahla zezithelo, ama-spruces angashadile, amaphayini nezihlahla zomjunipha ezikhula ezimfundeni, emadlelweni noma ekuhlanzweni kwehlathi. Izinyoni zezingoma zivame ukwakha izidleke zazo ujantshi emasimini aminyene esihlahla sonwele sesihlahla.
Izidleke zibekwa kumitha elilodwa kuya kwamathathu ngaphezu kobuhle bomhlaba. Isidleke se-linnet yisakhiwo esinyene futhi esiqinile ngokwanele. Izindonga zangaphandle zesidleke zilukiwe kusetshenziswa iziqu ezomile noma izindwani zotshani, izimpande zezitshalo, ubulembu nobulembu. Ingaphakathi ligcwele uboya, isinwele samahhashi nezimpaphe. Ububanzi besilinganiso setreyi cishe bungu-55 mm, bunokujula okungama-36-40 mm.
Njengomthetho, i-linnet inezindunduma ezimbili phakathi nonyaka. Amaqanda abamele abomndeni wakwaFinch kanye ne-Passeriformes oda ku-clutch yokuqala avela esidlekeni ngoMeyi. I-clutch yesibili ibekwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaJulayi. Amaqanda afukanyelwa abesifazane kuphela.
Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch eligcwele lingu-4-6. Ithoni enkulu yamaqanda yi-matte noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Engxenyeni enkulu, kukhona amachashazi abomvu ngokubomvu nansomi onsomi, amabala namachashazi, akha uhlobo lwe-corolla ekugcineni okungaqondile.
Isilinganiso samasayizi amaqanda singu-16.3-19.5 x 12.9-13.9 mm no-16.0-20.3 x 12.0-14.9 mm, futhi inqubo yokuchamusela ithatha amasonto ambalwa... Amachwane ahlala ngaphakathi esidlekeni sawo cishe amasonto amabili, kanti amantshontsho aphumile aphakelwa izinsuku ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi abesilisa. Abesifazane ngalesi sikhathi baqala ukwakhiwa kwesidleke sabo sesibili. Amachwane ezinyane lesibili ashiya isidleke eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaJulayi. Cishe ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Agasti, imihlambi yezinyoni emikhulu ngokwedlulele yenza ukufuduka okude, okuhamba kancane kuphenduke izindiza zezinyoni ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zebanga.
Izitha zemvelo
ILinnet izingelwa yizilwane ezihlasela umhlabathi kanye nezidliwayo ezinamaphiko, ezikwazi ukubamba inyoni yengoma emaphakathi futhi esebenzayo. Kaningi, uLinnet osemncane uyabanjwa ngenhloso yokuwagcina ekuthunjweni njengesilwane esifuywayo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Qalisa kabusha kabusha uma ugcinwe ezindizeni. Izinhlobo ze-Linnet ezinama-canaries abomvu, ama-greenfinches nama-goldfinches zaziwa kakhulu.
Izazi ze-ornithologists nabathandi basekhaya bezinyoni zezingoma bafakazele ukuzala kwama-nzalo atholakala ku-linnet naku-greenfinches. Ama-hybrids anjalo ahlukaniswa ngemininingwane emihle kakhulu yokucula, ekwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhono awo okucula.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ubuningi beLinnet vulgaris bujwayelekile kulo lonke uhla lwayo. Inani labantu lincane ngesibalo emingceleni yokwabiwa esenyakatho ngokweqile, kanye nasengxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yendawo yaseYurophu yeSoviet Union.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Izinyoni zezinyoni
- Inyoni emnyama
- Inyoni yejuba
Noma ngabe kungekho songo ebukhoneni babamele izinhlobo zezinto okwamanje futhi zisabalele impela, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu inyoni yengoma enjalo ifakiwe kuhlu lwezinhlobo ezivikelwe.
