Inhlanzi efana i-roach ajwayelekile kwabaningi. Uthatha into kanokusho futhi uvame ukutholakala kumadamu ahlukahlukene. Abadobi baqinisekisa ukuthi i-roach ingabanjwa unyaka wonke, futhi omama abanamakhono balungisa izinhlobo eziningi zezitsha ezivela kuyo. Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi le nhlanzi yesiliva ibukeka kanjani ngaphandle, kepha hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ngemikhuba yayo, umlingiswa wayo, kanye nama-nuances wesikhathi sokuzala. Ake siqonde izici zempilo yale nhlanzi, sizibeke ezinhlangothini ezahlukahlukene.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Roach
I-roach ejwayelekile ingummeleli wesigaba sezinhlanzi esikhishwe ngemisebe, esingeyomndeni we-carp nokuhleleka kwezidumbu. Izinhlanzi zibonakala ngenani elikhulu lama-subspecies, anamagama awo.
URoach uqanjwe igama:
- vobloi;
- inqama;
- chebak;
- inyama;
- izinwele ezimpunga;
- i-bagel.
Kubukhulu beSiberia ne-Urals, i-roach ibizwa ngokuthi yi-chebak, enomzimba omncane ovulekile namehlo aphuzi. Ubude bomzimba we-chebak bungafinyelela kuma-32 cm, nesisindo sayo - kufika ku-760 gram. Ezindaweni zaseKirov, e-Arkhangelsk, eVologda nasensimini yeNenets Autonomous Okrug, i-roach ibizwa ngokuthi i-magpie, inhlanzi inamehlo abomvu nomzimba obanzi kune-chebak.
Ividiyo: Roach
Echibini iBaikal nasesigodini saseYenisei, umuntu angalizwa lelo gama le-roach njengendlela. I-vobla ingatholakala ebubanzini boLwandle iCaspian, ngenkathi izala ingena eVolga, ubude bezinhlanzi abudluli amasentimitha angama-30. Inqama ihlala emanzini oLwandle i-Azov neBlack Sea, ingena emigodini yemifula egelezela esikhathini sokuzala. Ubude obukhulu kakhulu bomzimba wakhe bungamasentimitha angama-35, kanti isisindo sakhe cishe singamakhilogremu amabili.
I-roach yamanzi angenasawoti ibizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala, kanti izinhlanzi ezihlala echibini elinosawoti zibizwa nge-semi-anadromous. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuhlala, i-roach yaseSiberia (chebak) inenani elikhulu kunawo wonke, elembiwa esikalini sezimboni. Ama-subspecies ama-semi-anadromous afana ne-ram ne-vobla nawo anenani lentengiso.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoMayelana nokwabiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-roach phakathi kososayensi, izingxoxo zisaqhubeka. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwale nhlanzi ibe ama-subspecies kuyiphutha, kanti abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, babheka ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo oluphansi njengezinhlobo ezihlukene, ezizimele.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-roach
Isimo somzimba se-roach sinwetshiwe, umzimba uthambile kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini. Ngokuyisisekelo, izikali zezinhlanzi zinombala osasiliva, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunezinhlobo ze-brown-yellow hue, kuya ngezindawo zokuthunyelwa kwezinhlanzi unomphela. Umsele we-roach unombala omnyama ompunga, kwesinye isikhathi ucwazimula ngamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza. I-roach ihlukaniswa nezihlobo zayo eziseduze ngokuba khona kwamazinyo amancane we-pharyngeal, atholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zomlomo.
Isikali se-roach sikhulu futhi sitshalwe ngokulingene; eceleni komugqa we-lateral, ungabala kusuka kuzikali ezingama-40 kuye kwezingu-45. I-dorsal fin inemisebe engu-9 kuye kwayi-11, kuthi eye-ananal fin ibe no-9-12. Umugqa ohlangothini ophakathi awubonwa ezinhlanzini. Amaphiko emhlane nasesinqeni ayalingana. Amaphiko we-caudal kanye ne-dorsal anombala ohlaza satjani ngombala nofana onsundu, kanti amaphiko we-pelvic, pectoral kanye ne-anal awolintshi noma abomvu. Amehlo ayindilinga roach abe iris orange noma obomvu.
Inhloko yezinhlanzi inesimo esicijile. Ukuvulwa komlomo nge-roach kuncane, futhi umhlathi ongaphezulu uphuma kancane uye phambili, udale ukubukeka okunenhlanzi okudabukisayo. I-Roach idlulisa ngokwethembeka amanzi angcolile, lapho okuqukethwe yi-oxygen kusezingeni eliphansi impela. Ukukhula kwe-roach kuhamba kancane, ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila ubude bayo buyi-5 cm, eduze neminyaka emithathu, ubude bezinhlanzi buhluka kusuka ku-12 kuye ku-15 cm, futhi kukhula kuze kufike ku-30 cm lapho ifinyelela eminyakeni eyishumi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bomuntu ovuthiwe buvela ku-10 kuye ku-25 cm, futhi isisindo saso singaba kusuka ku-150 kuye ku-500 amagremu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Irekhodi lomhlaba labekwa eJalimane, lapho babamba khona i-roach enesisindo esingu-2.58 kg.
Uhlala kuphi roach?
Isithombe: Roach emfuleni
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-roach ibanzi kakhulu, isuka e-UK nase-Central Europe iye enyakatho yeSweden neFinland. E-Asia Minor naseCrimea, i-roach itholakala, kodwa abantu bayo bancane kakhulu. Esigodini saseMedithera, izinhlanzi azitholakali nhlobo. Ama-subspecies ama-semi-anadromous asatshalaliswa emanzini oLwandle Olumnyama nase-Azov. URoach ugweme iMpumalanga Ekude kanye nomgodi wase-Amur.
Inhlanzi ihlala emizimbeni ehlukahlukene yamanzi, iyaphila:
- eVolga;
- ULena;
- Obi;
- Yenisei;
- eLake Baikal;
- endaweni yamanzi eLake Zaysan;
- emanzini oLwandle i-Aral.
Abantu baletha i-roach e-Ireland, ezwenikazi lase-Australia, eMorocco, eSpain nase-Italy, lapho izinhlanzi zaqala khona kahle. I-roach engathobekile ivumelane namanzi amachibi anamanzi angenasawoti nemifula egeleza kalula. I-Roach itholakala emiseleni emincane, emachibini, emifudlaneni yezintaba ezimagebhugebhu, emi echibini elingasogwini, emachibini asolwandle asolwandle. Imizimba yamanzi, engagxilile kahle ku-oxygen futhi egcwele ukhula, ayiyesabisi nakancane le nhlanzi encane.
Eduze nogu, ama-roach gazinga nama-juveniles ahlala, futhi abantu abavuthiwe nabasindayo bangezansi. Ehlobo, i-roach ivame ukusatshalaliswa ebusweni bamanzi, ngoba umthamo wezinambuzane. Njengoba sekusondele ubusika, izinhlanzi zihlangana ezikoleni futhi zijule, zisondele kakhulu ezihlahleni eziminyene nasezikhungweni ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Manje uyazi lapho inhlanzi ye-roach itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yi-roach?
Isithombe: Fish roach
Ekudleni, i-roach ayithobeki, futhi ukudla kwayo kuhluke kakhulu.
Izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe ziyakuthanda ukudla:
- onoshobishobi;
- izimbaza;
- umbungu wegazi;
- izibungu;
- izibungu zikajekamanzi;
- izimpethu;
- gazinga;
- ulwelwe.
Amajuni namafry adla izinsalela zezidalwa ezingenamgogodla ezingasekho, izibungu neziphungumiyane zomiyane abasebusayo. Ukuze ikhule ngenkuthalo, i-roach kufanele iphile emanzini ane-alkaline anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-calcium. Isiziba akufanele singcoliswe kakhulu, ukhula oluningi nokuncintisana okuncane kwamukelekile. Esikhathini sokuqala sehlobo sempilo yabo, gazinga bakhetha ulwelwe olunamaseli owodwa kanye ne-daphnia. Ekwindla, baqala ukufuna izilwane zokubhukuda ezincane.
Lapho izinhlanzi ziqala ukudla ngokungafani, ukukhula kwazo kuqhubekela phambili, kukhuphuke ebangeni kusuka ezikhathini eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi. I-roach ekhulile futhi evuthiwe iqala ukushintshela ezitshalweni eziphansi nasezilwaneni. Kuze ikhule ibe ngamasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu ubude, i-roach izondla ngezibungu, zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane kanye ne-algae. Abantu abakhulu badla ama-invertebrate amakhulu (isibonelo, iminenke yolwandle).
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoIsikhathi sokuthatha i-roach ukugaya lokho abakudlayo sincike ekushiseni okukhona. Kuma-degree angama-21 anophawu lokuhlanganisa, kuthatha cishe amahora amane, uma kubanda kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-8, kuthatha amahora angama-72 ukugaya.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Roach ehlobo
URoach uhlala ezikoleni, ezakhiwa ngokususelwa eminyakeni yobudala bezinhlanzi. Imvamisa, isampuli eyodwa enkulu ingabonakala esikoleni sezinhlanzi ezincane. Amajita anamathela emanzini angajulile nasendaweni esogwini, kuyilapho abantu abavuthiwe behlala ekujuleni. Izinhlanzi zithanda umhlanga nezinhlanga. Wonke umhlambi wezinhlanzi nawo uya ebusika, futhi lapho iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika, izinhlanzi zibhukuda ziye ezindaweni ezincane, futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi ziluma impela.
I-roach inokuthambekela okukhulu nokwesabekayo, ngakho ihlala iphapheme futhi ingasheshe ihlehle nganoma yimuphi umsindo ongaphandle. Inhlanzi iyasebenza emini nasebusuku. Akanankinga ekhethekile ngokudla. I-roach idla zombili izimila nokudla okuhlukahlukene kwezilwane ngenjabulo. Maphakathi nehlobo, lapho ukudla kuningi, ukulunywa yizinhlanzi kulahlekelwa wumsebenzi, ngakho-ke ama-anglers asebenzisa izingqinamba nezithiyelo ezahlukahlukene ukukuheha. Futhi ekwindla, lapho kufa izimila zasemanzini, i-roach ayisakhethi kangako futhi ibanjwa kangcono kakhulu.
I-Roach ingabizwa ngenhlanzi engathobekile futhi emnivorous eye yajwayela impilo emadamini ahlukahlukene, ayesabi ukungcola noma izinga eliphansi lomoya-mpilo emanzini. Kakade maphakathi nenkathi yasekwindla, izinhlanzi zilungiselela ukuhlala ebusika, ziqubule ezikoleni. Ebusika, iqoqo lezinhlanzi ekujuleni okwanele, lapho kukhona khona amahlathi amaningi kanye neziqubu. Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, amaqabunga amanzi ajulile, nezikole zezinhlanzi zithunyelwa ngenhla, lapho ziqala ukudla khona, zibambe izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoIzikhathi ezihamba phambili zokulunywa nge-roach zibhekwa njengesikhathi ngaphambi kokuzala (isonto ngaphambi kwaso) nangemva kokuzala - ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngentwasahlobo, lapho amanzi engakabi naso isikhathi sokuzifudumeza, i-roach iluma kangcono ntambama, futhi ehlobo elishisayo, ukulunywa okusebenzayo kuyabonakala ekuseni.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Roach encane
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesilisa nabesifazane be-roach kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, kwabesilisa kufika eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemine ubudala, kwabesifazane - kusuka kwabane kuya kwabayisihlanu. Isikhathi sokuzala senzeka ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli futhi sihlala ngoMeyi wonke. Ukuzalanisa, i-roach ikhetha izindawo lapho kunezindawo zamaxhaphozi ezingaphansi kwamanzi, nemifudlana, amanzi angajulile, amadlelo agcwele amanzi, izindawo ezingezansi zemifula ezinomsinga osheshayo zifanele le nqubo. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, ungabona ukuthi i-roach igxuma kanjani emanzini, yakhe isifutho. Abesilisa bazama ukulandela abesifazane yonke indawo.
Lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike kumadigri ayi-10 anophawu lokuhlanganisa, okokwembatha kwabesilisa kuthola ubukhali, obenziwa ngamaqhubu alula avela emzimbeni. Emihlanjini, abesifazane bathinta izinhlangothi ezinjengalezi zabesilisa cishe amasonto amabili, okubashukumisela ukuba bazale amaqanda, anombala ophuzi ophuzi. Owesifazane oyedwa angaba nezinkulungwane eziyishumi kuya kwezingama-200 zazo, ubukhulu bamaqanda buyahlukahluka kuye kumamilimitha owodwa kuya kwesigamu. Emachibini lapho kungenamanzi khona manje, amaqanda anamathela okhuleni, emhlangeni nasezimpandeni zezihlahla ezisogwini. Emanzini anomsinga wamanje, aphethwe yi-willow moss namatshe.
Isikhathi sokufukamela sisuka ezinsukwini ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-12, lapho kuzalwa, gazinga lunobude obungu-4 kuye ku-6 mm. Izingane ezinenyanga eyodwa ubudala zisezihlahleni ezingezansi, ziyondla futhi zicashe kubantu abangabahlaseli. Amafry alungele kangcono amanzi lapho i-current ivila ngokuphelele noma ingekho (echibini, ixhaphozi). Izinhlanzi ezisencane zikhetha izindawo ezinamanzi angajulile, futhi izinga lokukhula kwazo lihamba kancane. Isikhathi sokuphila se-roach cishe siyiminyaka engama-20, ngalesi sikhathi esibucayi ngokuvamile sifinyelela kumasentimitha angamashumi amane ngobude.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Emifuleni eseduze nezindawo eziphehla ugesi, isikhathi sokuzalela i-roach singenzeka futhi ngoJanuwari, lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwamanzi angcolile afudumele.
Izitha zemvelo ze-roach
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-roach
Endaweni yabo yemvelo, i-roach enamahloni nezincane inezitha ezanele. Entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, kufa inani elikhulu lamaqanda ale nhlanzi, ngoba kudliwe ngenkuthalo ngama-eels. Ama-perchered pike kanye ne-pike nawo angabalwa phakathi kwezitha ze-roach, ahlala ehamba nezicucu zawo, evame ukuhlasela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Inhlanzi edlayo ibheka i-roach encane ekukhuleni kwamanzi, lapho ibhukuda khona ifuna iplankton. I-pike perch ayikuphikisi nakancane ukondla i-roach, bahlasela izinhlanzi ngokushaya amakhanda abo, bese beyiluma ngeminwe yabo ebukhali. Ama-chubs angama-gluttonous adla ngefry roach nentsha engenalwazi.
Ezinye izinyoni nazo zingabalwa njengezitha zezinhlanzi, isibonelo, ama-cormorants, adla uhhafu wekhilogremu wezinhlanzi ngosuku olulodwa. AmaKingfisher abuye adle izinhlanzi ezithosiwe nezincane, ezingeqi kumasentimitha ayishumi ngosayizi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindwandwe, zithanda ama-roaches amakhulu, zidla izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe ezingaba ngamasentimitha angama-35 ubude. Ama-grebes asezinambuzane ezidla emanzini adla emanzini angajulile, lapho egeleza khona ngobunono, ebamba izinhlanzi ezincane, ubude bazo, ngokuvamile, obungadluli ku-16 cm. ...
Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi nezinyoni ezidlayo, i-roach idliwa ama-otter, ama-muskrats, ama-mink, ayizingela ngasogwini. Izinhlanzi ezinosayizi omncane zigwinywa khona lapho emanzini, kuthi enkulu idliwe emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwabameleli abahlukahlukene bezilwane, zonke izinhlobo zezifo zithinta i-roach, okuvela kuyo nenhlanzi. Isifo esinamachashaza amnyama sivela ezinhlanzini ngenxa yokuthi zidla iminenke etheleleke ngesibungu sesibungu. Amabala amnyama avela emzimbeni wenhlanzi egulayo; lesi silokazane asibeki ingozi kubantu.
Ukondla ngamazeze amanzi, i-roach itheleleka nge-ligulosis. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokukhula nokukhula kwesikelemu esiswini senhlanzi, esiqala ngokukhama izitho zangaphakathi zezinhlanzi, okwenza i-roach ibe yinyumba futhi isheshe ife.
Izitha ze-roach zifaka phakathi abantu abalawulwa ngoswazi. Abathanda ukudoba babamba i-roach eningi, lapho kulungiswa khona izitsha ezahlukahlukene. Inyama yenhlanzi imnandi impela futhi inokuqukethwe okuncane kwekhalori, ngakho-ke ibuye ilungele labo abagcina isibalo sabo, benamathela ekudleni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoE-UK, i-roach ibanjelwa ukuzijabulisa, cishe zonke izinhlanzi ezibanjiwe ziyadedelwa zibuyele emanzini. Yize i-roach ibhekwa njengokudla, abaseBrithani abayithandi, bakhetha ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Fish roach
Ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa kwe-roach bukhulu kakhulu, le nhlanzi encane izivumelanisa nemizimba ehlukahlukene yamanzi. Akazithobeki emvelweni futhi omnivorous. Ubukhulu besibalo sale nhlanzi abubangeli ukukhathazeka ezinhlanganweni zemvelo, kunalokho, kweminye imizimba yamanzi kuneziningi kakhulu.
Emuva kuma-70s wekhulu elidlule, isidingo se-roach eNyakatho Yurophu sehla kakhulu. Inhlanzi idla i-zooplankton futhi ikhula kancane kakhulu, okuholela ekutheni amadamu lapho ahlala khona aqala ukugcwala futhi aqhakaze kakhulu, ngoba awabanjelwa izinhloso zezimboni. Ukubamba i-roach kuholela ekubuyiselweni kwenani le-zooplankton, ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ne-phosphorus emanzini, okufaka isandla ekutheni izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibalulekile ziqala ukukhula futhi zikhule endaweni yazo.
Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zisengathengiswa, kepha kububanzi beYurophu emaphakathi kushibhile kakhulu, futhi inqwaba yezinhlanzi isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukudla kwemfuyo ngisho ne-biodiesel. Kwethulwe iphrojekthi eFinland, ehlinzeka ngokubanjwa kwamathani angama-roach angama-350 minyaka yonke. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqama ne-roach inenani elikhulu kakhulu kwezentengiso; le nhlanzi ithengiswa yomibili futhi isomisiwe.
Ngakho-ke, i-roach ihlala iyizinhlanzi eziningi, ayimeleli noma yiliphi inani elikhethekile lezimboni, kwamanye amazwe ayisetshenziselwa ukudla. Yize inani elikhulu lamafry namaqanda lidliwa yizinhlanzi ezidla ezinye, izinyoni nezinye izilwane, inani lemfuyo ye-roach ayisongelwa ngokuqothulwa kulokhu, ngakho-ke alikho ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okukhethekile futhi alidingi izindlela ezikhethekile zokuzivikela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Roach ingazalelwa nge-rudd, chub kanye ne-bream, okwenzeka kaningi. Izinhlamvu ezinjalo zinombala osufiphele kakhulu futhi iningi lazo alikwazi ukuzala, kepha ngisho nalesi sici asinawo umthelela omubi omubi kubukhulu bezinhlanzi.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukuqaphela lokho kuwo wonke umuntu i-roach imele inani layo: kwabanye, iyindebe enhle kakhulu kwezokudoba kwezemidlalo, abanye bathanda izici zayo zesisu, balungiselela okuningi okunganambitheki kuphela, kepha futhi okunempilo kakhulu, izitsha zokudla, kuyilapho abanye bedoba i-roach ngenhloso yokuqhubeka nokuthengiswa kwayo.Futhi sikhumbula ukunambitheka kwe-roach ephulukisiwe, abaningi baqala ukuconsisa amathe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/13/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 14.08.2019 ngo-9: 16
