Izinja zensiza - lezi yizilwane eziqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile futhi ezikwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimisela nangokuphumelelayo eceleni komphathi wezinja, kwezinye izimo, ngokuzimela. Izinja zensizakalo zingaba onogada, izinjini zokusesha, izinja eziqondisayo. Kunemisebenzi eminingi yamasosha, amaphoyisa kanye nezakhamizi kwi-akhawunti yenja.
Ngokufunwa umsebenzi wenja yokusebenza emkhakheni wezokwelapha: abelaphi abanezinyawo ezine bazijwayeza ngempumelelo emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwezilwane. Izinja zinamakhono angazange azilahle, zihlala eduze komuntu futhi zithola ukudla ezandleni zakhe.
Umqondo ohlukile we-canine wephunga, ukuzinikela, ukukhuthazela, ikhono lokufunda elihle kakhulu ezilwaneni. Ngokuya ngalezi zimfanelo, indoda yabela izinja imisebenzi eminingi yobungcweti. Wakha iqembu elikhethekile lezilwane - izinja zensizakalo.
Ayikho incazelo ecacile yalesi sigaba sezilwane. Empilweni yansuku zonke, izinja eziqeqeshiwe ezinamakhono akhethekile zibhekwa njengezinja zensizakalo. Izinja ezizingelayo nezokwelusa ngokuvamile azifakiwe kulolu hlu, futhi izinja eziqondisayo, kunalokho, zibhekwa njengezinja zensizakalo.
Imvamisa, izinja zensizakalo ziyaqondakala njengezinja ezibhaliswe kubasebenzi bezempi, amaphoyisa nezinye izinhlaka zombuso. Impilo yalezi zilwane ilawulwa yimithethonqubo emisebenzini esemthethweni. Isibonelo, kunomthetho othi "Emaphoyiseni", isinqumo sikahulumeni mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinja emasikweni, njalonjalo.
Inja yesevisi
Imisebenzi ethile ilungele kangcono imisebenzi eminingi. inja yesevisi... Umuntu wakha ngokukhethekile izimfanelo zohlobo, okungukuthi, wenza umsebenzi wokukhetha ukuzalanisa, ngokwesibonelo, izinja zokuqapha. Kwesinye isikhathi imvelo ithuthukise izakhiwo zendlela ethile. Isibonelo yizinja ezijikijelwayo ezihlala enyakatho futhi ezingakaze zenziwe ngohlobo lokuxubana.
UDoberman
Uhlobo lwakhuliswa ngokukhethekile njengenja yensizakalo. Ukuvela kohlobo kwalotshwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Umbhali wayo uyaziwa - isazi sezilwane saseJalimane, ohlala eThuringia Karl Dobermann. Akwaziwa ukuthi hlobo luni lwegazi oludonsa emithanjeni yeDobermans, kepha umphumela wawukhazimula.
I-Doberman yisilwane esikhulu ngokwanele. Ukukhula kwabesilisa kungadlula ku-70 cm ukusuka phansi kuya ekubuneni, abesifazane abavamile ukufika kuma-cm ayi-68. Ngesisindo esihle (kufika ku-50 kg) nomthethosisekelo oqinile, inja ikhiqiza ukubonakala kwesilwane esihle, esisheshayo. Yini, empeleni,. Ukubukeka okuncane kutholakala ngenxa yobukhulu obufanele kanye nejazi elifushane.
Inja yazalelwa njengesikhali sokulwa nabangenele. Umsebenzi wayo akukhona ukukhonkotha nokwethusa, kodwa ukubambezeleka futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, ukuququda. Ngenxa yobuhlakani obuthuthukisiwe, ukwethembeka okungokwemvelo kumnikazi, inja ayizange iphenduke umbulali ongenangqondo, kepha yaba unogada omuhle kakhulu. Kusukela ngekhulu le-19, abantu abacebile bathembela impahla yabo futhi bahlala kumaDobermans.
Lezi zilwane zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngababili. Inja ne-bitch ayinamandla nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nekhono lobuciko. Ukunakwa kwesigebengu kuphazanyiswa owesilisa. Usebenza ngaphambili. Unondindwa uhlasela futhi acindezele isitha ngemuva. Ngisho nezibhamu ezibhekiswe ezinjeni azinamandla kulokhu.
Rottweiler
Ukuzala okuvela eJalimane. Idolobha laseRottweil libhekwa njengezwe lakubo. Umlando wokuzalaniswa kwawo mdala kakhulu kunowaseDoberman. Ulwazi mayelana nohlobo luvele ngekhulu le-18. Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa njengamandla okusalungiswa. Wayethutha izinqola ezinezidumbu zezinkomo. Ngenxa yalokho athola igama lesidlaliso "inja yenyama". Akukho ukuhlanganiswa okuqondisiwe okwenziwe.
Ukubukeka nomlingiswa okutholwe njengomphumela wokukhethwa okungokwemvelo. Ukuphakama kwakhe akuvamile ukudlula u-60 cm, owesilisa waseRottweiler unesisindo esingama-50 kg. Inja inesimo esesabekayo, esingaxegi. Ngohlelo lwemisipha oluqinile, lunomlingiswa oyinkimbinkimbi. Akekho umqeqeshi ozosho ukuthi kulula ukusebenza noRottweiler.
Ukwanda okwandayo kubonakala ngokuhlangana nabantu abasebancane besebancane. Inja inamathele kakhulu kumnikazi wayo. Lwamukela kabi ushintsho lomnikazi. Ukwenza imisebenzi esemthethweni, ukhombisa isibindi nolaka. Ungenza njengomvikeli aze afike ekugcineni.
Indawo emnyama yaseRussia
Lokhu akuyona nje uhlobo. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu abaphathi bezinja baseRussia nabazalisi abazuzile. Abafuyi bezinja bavamise ukubiza i-black terrier yaseRussia ngokuthi "mnyama". Ungowezinja ezinakekela insizakalo. Kepha emnyombweni wayo, ngumdlali owenza izinto eziningi, okwazi ukusebenza njengomqaphi oqinile nomzanyana onakekelayo.
Uhlobo lwakhuliswa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu elidlule. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngemiyalo kahulumeni waseSoviet esikhungweni se-canine saseKrasnaya Zvezda. Le nhlangano yama-cynological eduze neMoscow yathathwa njengenye yezinhle kakhulu eSoviet Union. IBlackie iyi-hybrid esanda kwakhiwa, ebonwa njengohlobo lwekhulu lethu leminyaka. I-FCI ehlonishwayo (i-Dog Handlers Union) ivume izinga kuphela ngo-2010.
Umalusi waseJalimane
Lokhu mhlawumbe yikhona okufunwa kakhulu, okudume kakhulu izinja zomsebenzi zoMnyango Wezangaphakathi. Ukuthandwa okungangabazeki kwalethwa ukubamba iqhaza kwabelusi baseJalimane kumafilimu amaningi afakiwe. Kepha udumo lwabezindaba belungeke lwenzeke ukube lolu hlobo belungenazo izimfanelo eziphakeme ezisemthethweni.
AmaJalimane aphumelele ngokusobala ekuzaleni izinhlobo zezinja. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitholakale eningizimu yeJalimane ngomsebenzi wokufuya ngokufuya, izinja zomhlambi. Usuku lokuzalwa lohlobo lungacatshangelwa ngo-1882. E-Hanover, inja uGreif ikhonjisiwe embukisweni. Ube phambili ohlwini lwama-Shepherds aseJalimane angenacala.
Umalusi waseJalimane uyisethi yezimfanelo ezidingekayo ngenja yesevisi. Ufunda kalula futhi ngenjabulo. Okungaziphathi kahle, ubhekana nobunzima ohlangabezana nabo ngenkathi kwenziwa imisebenzi esemthethweni. Iphendula ngokukhalipha ezimeni ezingalindelekile. Into esemqoka ukuthi unephunga elihle kakhulu, unesibindi futhi uzinikele kumuntu.
ICaucasian Shepherd Dog
Uhlobo lwasendulo. Izimpande zawo zibuyela kumaMolossoid, okungukuthi, izinja ezinkulu ezaziwa kusukela ezinsukwini zeRoma lasendulo. ICaucasian Shepherd Dog yinto engokwemvelo. Uthole izimfanelo zakhe zokusebenza ngokudlisa izilwane, ukuvikela abantu namakhaya. Inja yesevisi ifanekisiwe evame ukumelwa nguMelusi owesabekayo waseCaucasus.
Ngokuphakama kwama-75 cm, unikeza umbono wesilwane esikhulu, esinamandla, ikakhulukazi njengoba isisindo sakhe sifinyelela esisindweni sowesilisa osekhulile. Inja inesibindi sokuhlanya, ayithembi futhi iqotho ngokwedlulele kumnikazi. Zonke lezi zimfanelo zimenza abe ngumqaphi omuhle kakhulu. Ukuze umuntu ongenile ashiye izinhlelo zakhe, kwanele ukuthi abone iNja yoMalusi waseCaucasus noma ezwe izwi lakhe.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwezinja zensizakalo
Isazi se-cynologist esilungiselela inja uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi kumele kube yi-zoologist, i-zoopsychologist, udokotela wezilwane, izinja zothando futhi yazi kahle indawo okucwaningwa ngayo isilwane. Lokho wukuthi, uchwepheshe onezici ezahlukahlukene onolwazi lomsebenzi ohloniphekile ubandakanyekile ekusebenzeni nenja.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwezinja zensizakalo - Le inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ukwedlula ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo ezinemibono. Lapho uqeqesha inja, umphathi wezinja awuthembeli kuphela emzimbeni womzimba wesilwane, kodwa futhi nasesimilweni nasobuhlakani baso. Ngakho-ke, izindlela eziyinhloko zokuqeqesha - imishini, i-gustatory, ukulingisa - ukusebenza, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele.
Amakhono anzima afundiswa ngendlela ecashile yokuqeqeshwa kwezinja. Lapho uqeqesha izinja, akuyona imithetho enzima kakhulu elandelwayo. Zandisa ukusebenza kahle kwesiphathi sezinja.
- Bheka umgomo wokuqala wanoma yikuphi ukufunda: kusuka kokulula kuya kokuyinkimbinkimbi.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokuqeqesha, udinga ukujwayeza isilwane kuwe futhi uzizwe izici zokuziphatha kwaso, thola ukusabela kwaso okuvamile.
- Ngaphambi kwesifundo ngasinye, injongo yaso iyanqunywa. Ngesikhathi sesifundo, umqeqeshi uyayifinyelela le nhloso.
- Isenzo esifanayo kufanele senziwe ngomyalo ofanayo. Umyalo awunakuguqulwa, kepha indlela yokubekwa komyalo onikeziwe ingahluka.
- Inja kufanele ifunde ngenjabulo. Ukuqeqeshwa akufanele kuphenduke ukudla kwesilwane nomphathi wezinja.
- Umphathi wezinja unzima, kepha ulungile. Lesi siqubulo singaqeda imithetho ejwayelekile yokuqeqeshwa.
Imibhalo yoMnyango ilawula hhayi kuphela izindlela zokuqeqesha nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha izinja, kodwa futhi nokuhlola ulwazi namakhono omqeqeshi uqobo. Ithalente lakhe kanye nesipiliyoni kamuva kuhumusha ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kwemisebenzi yasehhovisi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinja zensizakalo
Ezigabeni zokuqala zokufuya, izinja zabelwa imisebenzi yokuzingela nokwelusa. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yezimpi zasendulo, izinja zamukelwa. Ebuthweni lamaRoma, amabutho amasosha ayemi emgqeni wokuqala, ebamba amaMolossians anonya. Lezi zinja ezifanayo zingene ezinkundleni zamasekisi edolobha ukuze zilwe nezilwi.
Esikhathini sethu, empeleni, ukusetshenziswa kwezinja zensizakalo okuncane kushintshile. Yize abantu baqala ukusebenzisa iphunga lenja ukwedlula amazinyo nobubi. Umsebenzi owaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinja ngumsebenzi wokuthungatha. Izinja zithola izinto noma abantu ngephunga. Insizakalo ebhekele kakhulu izilwane ezisebenza ngeziqhumane.
Emabuthweni ezempi nasemaphoyiseni, izinja ezinjalo zisebenza emayunithi okususwa amabhomu. Ndawonye nonogada bemingcele nezikhulu zamasiko, imitshina yokuhlola izilwane ithola ukuthuthwa ngokungemthetho kwezinto eziyingozi. Ukusiza abezokuphepha, bathola izinto eziqhumayo ezenziwe nezatshalwa amaphekula.
Ezimpini zekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ulwazi luye lwaqongelelwa hhayi kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhomu, kodwa nasekusebenziseni inja njengemayini ephilayo. Lesi yisimo esinonya maqondana nesilwane. Kepha ukudela impilo yakho ngenxa yezimpilo zabantu kungenye yezindlela zensizakalo yenja. Ekhuluma ngokuzidela (equlekile), imvamisa abakhumbuli ezempi kuphela, kodwa nezinja ezinikela ngempilo nokuphila kwazo kwisayensi.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi izakhamuzi zezinja zezinja ezikhungweni ezehlukene zezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ePavlov Institute, ngaseSt. Petersburg, zithathwa njengezinja zomsebenzi. Kepha lezi zikhungo zezokwelapha nezesayensi zisebenza. Zisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezifanayo nezilwane zamasosha nezamaphoyisa: zigcina impilo yomuntu.
Ukugcinwa kwezinja zensizakalo
Izinja ezenza imisebenzi esemthethweni, kepha ezomuntu othile, zigcinwa ekhaya lomnikazi. Okuqukethwe kwasekhaya kuhlukaniswe kwaba ifulethi nezindiza. Isakhiwo sokuba khona kwezilwane ezimweni zombili asibangeli ubunzima.
Ukuze kube khona izilwane ezibhaliswe kubasebenzi bezikhungo zikahulumeni ukuze zikhululeke ngokwanele, zifakwa ngaphakathi insizakalo yenja yenja, ukuhlelwa kwaso kuchazwe ngemiyalo yomnyango. Izinja ezingaphandle kwamahora okusebenza zilala futhi ziphumula ezindaweni ezivalekile. Indawo yokwakha imvamisa ingu-9-10 sq. Lokhu kwanele ukubeka ikhabhathi (idokodo) elingu-2 by 1.8 m endaweni ebiyelweyo.Okusekusele kokuvalekile kuthathwa njengokuhambahamba.
Izindiza eziningana zihlanganiswe zaba yibhlokhi. Inani lamabhuloki lincike kubukhulu besikhungo sokuqeqesha izinja. Zonke zifakwe endaweni evikelekile. Kukhona nekhishi namanye amakamelo okusiza. Indawo enezindiza akumele itholakale eduze kwamathrekhi matasa nezimboni. Okusho ukuthi, indawo kufanele ithule, ngaphandle komsindo wezimboni kanye nephunga.
Izinja zensizakalo yokudla ibanjwa kabili ngosuku. Ukudla kwenja kuqukethe ukudla okusanda kulungiswa noma ukudla okulungiselelwe okwomile. Imikhuba ibekwa ngemiyalo yomnyango. Indlela yokudla inja iqinile. Kumele ilinganiselwe, imikhiqizo kufanele ibe yintsha, iphekwe ezimeni ezifanele. Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kokudla okungadliwe akuvunyelwe.
Inja okufanele ihlale ezindlini zezindiza ingashintsha izindlu. Ukugcinwa kwezinja zensizakalo mhlawumbe lapho kuhlala khona usosayensi. Lokhu kudinga imvume evela kubaphathi be-canine nokutholakala kwezimo ezifanele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kwabiwa imali yesabelomali yokudla kwezinja.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Kukhona izilwane zasenganekwaneni phakathi kwezinja. Isibonelo, inja yokutakula egama linguBarry ezintabeni i-Alps ithole yatakula abahambi ababalelwa ku-40 abaduke endleleni bazithola sebephansi kweqhwa. UBarry ngokwesiko uthathwa njengeSt. Bernard, kepha uhlobo olunjalo lwalungekho ngaleso sikhathi.
UBarry wayehlala esigodlweni sezindela saseSt. Bernard, lapho iSt Bernards kamuva yazalelwa khona. Indlela engajwayelekile yokubonga komuntu iyaphawuleka. Ngokubona ukufaneleka komhlengi onemilenze emine, kwenziwa isilwane esifakiwe ngesikhumba sikaBarry sakhonjiswa eBerne Museum of Natural Sciences.
Abantu abaningi bayakhumbula iBelka neStrelka - izinja, okwathi ngo-Agasti 1960 egumbini lomkhumbi-mkhathi iSputnik-5 zasinda emizileni engu-17 zabuyela eMhlabeni. Ngemuva kwalokho baba yindaba yocwaningo lwezokwelapha. Ukundiza esikhaleni akuzange kuthinte impilo yezinja. Baziphile izinsuku zabo e-Institute of Space Medicine.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinja eziningi zilungiselelwe izindiza. Badlula endleleni enzima yokuqeqeshwa nokuhlolwa. Akekho okhumbula izinja uChaika noFox. Babengabokuqala, uBelka noStrelka babengabafundi babo abangaphansi. Amaphayona aphelelwe yinhlanhla. Isiphetho sikaChaika noChaika sasibuhlungu: kumasekhondi okuqala endiza, kwaqhuma i-rocket Sputnik-4.
Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ngaphezu kokwelapha, izinja zingaxazulula izinkinga zokuxilonga. Zonke izifo zinephunga. Ngokuqondile, umzimba womuntu ogulayo ukhiqiza iphunga elithile. Ubuthakathaka kangangoba akabonwa ngumuntu. Inja iyezwa futhi iphendule. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-oncology itholakala ezigabeni zokuqala. Ukuxilongwa kwezinja kuqinisekisiwe emacaleni angama-90%.
Ezimpini nasekulweni kwe-Great Patriotic War, izinja ze-mongrel kanye nezinhlobo ezihlanzekile zemikhakha eyahlukahlukene zazibonakalisa zingamaqhawe. Mningi impela umsebenzi owenziwe ngama-tetrapods aqeqeshelwe ukuthola izimayini. Munye kuphela kubo bonke onikezwe indondo. USheepdog, onegama lesidlaliso elithi Dzhulbars elalithandwa ngaleso sikhathi, wathola indondo yokuhlonishwa "For Merit Merit".
Lapho impi iphela empeleni, uDzhulbars walimala ngesikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwemayini. Ngomyalo we-Commander-in-Chief, wafakwa ohlwini lwabahlanganyeli embukisweni wokunqoba. U-Dzhulbars wayephethwe ezingalweni zakhe e-Red Square. Kukhona inganekwane yokuthi umfaniswano woMlawuli oPhakeme waba yingubo lapho ethwele inja.
Muva nje, ukuhlolwa okuphathelene nomthetho kungene enkambisweni yokwahlulela. Lokho wukuthi, idatha yesampula yephunga eyenziwe izinja-imitshina yamukelwa njengobufakazi enkantolo. Ngo-2009, lapho kwakulindwe ngephunga ku-balaclava, kwabonakala ukuthi umuntu ubambe iqhaza ebulelesi. Ummeli wecala ubhikishile. Uthe angaphikisana nochwepheshe, kepha akakwazi ukuphikisana nezinja. Noma kunjalo, izinja zathumela ummangalelwa ekoloni iminyaka emihlanu.
