Incazelo nezici
Izinja zasePrairie zikhonkotha amagundane avela emndenini wesikwele. Engxenyeni emaphakathi yeNyakatho Melika, edlula emgqeni obanzi usuka enyakatho uye eningizimu, kuneziqhingi - amathafa asomile eNyakatho Melika. Izilwane zale ndawo yeplanethi azifani kakhulu.
Kudala, nangaphambi kokuthuthuka okusebenzayo kwezwekazi ngabahlali baseYurophu, imihlambi emikhulu yezinyathi yayizula kula mazwe asendle. Kepha njengoba impucuko yathuthuka, cishe bonke baqothulwa. Kulezi zinsuku, lezi zindawo zisetshenziselwa izinhloso zezolimo kuphela.
Kwezinye izindawo, ama-coyotes adlayo asatholakala lapha, onobuqili nobuqili bakhe esibazi kakhulu ezincwadini zakudala zaseMelika. Futhi izilwane ezivelele zalezi zindawo zingamagundane amancane - izinja zasemathafeni, isisindo saso singedluli ikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu.
Lezi zilwane ezinhle zingezomndeni wama-squirrels futhi ngokubukeka zifana ngokuqinile nomunye wabamele bayo - imbila, ikakhulukazi ifana nombala woboya, izinhlaka zomzimba ongajwayelekile, kanye nomkhuba wokuma kukholamu, welula ubheke cishe ngokuphelele ekuphakameni okugcwele, uncike emilenzeni yabo yangemuva futhi ulenga izidladla zangaphambili ngasesifubeni.
Ukukhula kwazo ngezikhathi ezinjalo kuvame ukuba ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-35. Kumakhaza endaweni ekhonjisiwe, izilwane zethu zihlola indawo ezungezile. Amehlo amnyama, amakhulu kakhulu ezinja zasemathafeni asethwe abanzi, ngakho-ke ayakwazi ukuhlukanisa kahle izinto hhayi kuphela ngaphambili, kodwa futhi naseceleni. Izindlebe zazo ezincane zicishe zingabonakali ngaphansi kwejazi.
Izinja zasemaphandleni ezikhonkothayo ziyaxwayisana ngengozi
Futhi izihlathi zibukeka zikhuluphele ngenxa yezikhwama ezikhethekile ezitholakala lapho, okuthi, uma kunesidingo, zikwazi ukugcina njengokudla, njengama-hamsters. Umsila wamagundane, ofana nomdlwane, umfishane, kanjalo nemilenze, ingaphambili lawo lifakwe izinzwane ezigwedlwayo, kanti izimpala zangemuva zinendawo eyodwa yoboya.
Uboya obuntofontofo buhlukaniswa ikakhulu ngompunga onsundu noma onsundu ophuzi, kanti ekhanda nangaphandle kumnyama kakhulu kunasesiswini nakwezinye izitho zomzimba ezifihliwe. Inja yePrairie umsindoeshicilelwe nguye ezikhathini ezinzima, kufana nokukhonkotha, lapho isilwane sanikezwa khona isidlaliso esibekiwe. Iphinde yakha isisekelo segama lohlobo, yize igama layo lesayensi lihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini sasendulo ngokuthi "inja yegundane".
Lalela izwi lezinja zasendle
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo lwezinja zasemaphandleni luvame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezinhlanu. Yize ama-specimens amele wona ngokuvamile angenazo izici ezigqamayo ezikhethekile, anokufana okuphawulekayo kwangaphandle. Konke ukwehluka kutholakala kuphela kuzici zezwi, ukwakheka kwezinhlungu zemisindo nezinhlobo ezithile zemibala. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo, okulandelayo kuyabonakala.
- Inja yenkangala emnyama enomsila isatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi emaqeleni nasezindaweni ezingamahlane eziwugwadule endaweni enkulu yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, isuka eCanada iye eMexico. Umbala wezilwane unsundu ngombala obomvu. Uboya obumnyama budabula kwezinye izindawo zoboya babo. Ukuphela komsila, njengoba igama liphakamisa, umbala omnyama. Njengakuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo "zezinja", abesilisa, yize bengabalulekile, bakhulu ngosayizi nesisindo kwabesifazane.
- Inja enomsila omhlophe isilwane esigqoke ijazi loboya obumpunga ngokunsundu nomsila omhlophe, isisu esilula, ingaphambili lesifonyo kanye namathiphu emilenze. Izidalwa ezinjalo zitholakala ezifundazweni zaseMontana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, futhi uhla lwazo kufanele lubhekwe njengolubanzi kakhulu.
- Izinhlobo ze-Gunnison zitholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States. Izilwane zinejazi eliphuzi-mpunga onsundu, umthunzi wazo uhambisana nezinwele eziningi ezimnyama. Ukuphela kwesifonyo, izidladla nesisu kukhanya kakhulu. Iphuzu lomsila lingaba mnyama.
- Inja yaseMexico ihlala endaweni encane kakhulu eNyakatho Melika futhi itholakala kuphela enyakatho yeMexico. Ngaphezu kwalokho, luhlobo oluncane, olususwe kakhulu ngempucuko endaweni yalo. Umbala woboya bezilwane ulula. Ehlobo, ijazi lazo loboya lilula, kepha ebusika liyashintsha lifudumele elifake ijazi elincane elijiyile.
- Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Yuta kuhlobo lwezinja zasemaphandleni akuyona nje ukuthi incane ngosayizi, kodwa futhi ngenani nendawo. Lezi zilwane ezinoboya obunsundu ngokugqamile zitholakala kuphela e-Utah endaweni encane engxenyeni yayo eseningizimu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Iziqhingi ziyindawo yomhlaba enesimo sezulu esomile. Futhi uma empumalanga, lapho imvula iwela khona kaningi, uhlobo oluyinhloko lwezimbali zasendaweni utshani besoyi, obukhula buze bube bukhulu, uhlaza oluyimifino entshonalanga lufushane ngokwedlulele.
Izindawo ezinjalo zamathafa asenyakatho Melika aseMelika ziyisidina futhi zinwebela amabanga abonakala esweni, kuze kube sekugcineni. Kusendaweni enjalo eqhuba ubukhona bayo inja yezilwane zasendle... Emini, izilwane ezinjalo zisebenza kakhulu, kepha lapho kuqala ubumnyama zicasha emigodini, lapho ziphumula khona futhi zicashe ezitheni zazo.
Izindawo zokuhlala ezinjalo, ezigejwe futhi zahlonyiswa ngemisebenzi yamagundane ethu, zakhiwa ngokungavamile. Ingxenye yabo eyinhloko ikamelo lokwakha izidleke, eligcwele utshani obuthambile ukuze kube lula, lisendaweni ekujula okukhulu, kwesinye isikhathi lifinyelela kumamitha ayi-5. Izindlela ezingekho ngaphansi kakhulu zomhlaba ziholela kuyo, kepha zinamamitha amakhulu ubude, ziyixhuma nezwe elingaphandle namakamelo angomakhelwane.
Ngaphandle, imigudu ayinayo eyodwa, kepha iminyango eminingana, engenakushiywa ngaphandle konogada abaqaphile ngamagundane aqaphelayo. Onogada bazisa izihlobo zabo ngesimo sezindaba ngamasiginali. Zingaba yisici sokukhonkotha noma ukushaya ikhwela.
Izinja zasePrairie zimba okungaphezu kwama-60 okuhamba ngaphansi komhlaba kuya ekujuleni kwamamitha amabili
Ngakho-ke, "izinja" zishintshisana ngolwazi futhi, uma kwenzeka kuba yingozi, zinikeza futhi zithole iziyalezo noma zithathe izinqumo ngokuhlanganyela mayelana nezenzo ezengeziwe: noma ukuhlasela isitha, ukuphazamisa ukuthula kwazo, noma ikhanda ukugijima nokufihla ngokujule ezindaweni zabo zokukhosela, futhi inkulu kangakanani inkinga okusolwa ukuthi iyinkinga.
Ulimi lwezilwane ezinjalo kukholakala ukuthi luyinkimbinkimbi impela, kepha luyaqondakala kubo kuphela. Lezi yizilwane zomphakathi, ngakho-ke zihlala emakoloni amakhulu, inani lamalungu alo angafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana. Futhi imindeni enjalo ithatha insimu, kwezinye izimo kuze kufike kumahektha ayishumi, yakha amadolobha amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba.
Imvamisa, imindeni ihlela izimpi zangaphakathi zamasayithi afanele, zifuna amalungelo azo ezweni, futhi ngamunye wazo uhlonipha futhi aqaphe ngokuqinile imingcele yawo, angavumeli abangaphandle. Imihlambi yehlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane - imindeni, amalungu ayo aphathana ngozwela olunobungane.
Ukukhathalela kwabo bobabili akubonakaliswa kuphela ekuvikeleni izintshisekelo ezivamile, kepha nasekuhlanzeni uboya bezihlobo, ngoba ngamunye wabo ukhathalela inhlanzeko yomfowabo. Umndeni ungafaka iduna, abesilisa abaningana, kanye nenzalo yabo.
Ebusika, izinhlobo ezithile "zezinja" zihlala zisebenza. Isibonelo salokhu yilabo abamele i-genus enomsila omnyama, ngisho nalabo abahlala ezifundeni lapho amakhaza angajwayelekile khona. Kodwa inqwaba yezilwane ilala ubusuku bonke ekupheleni kwehlobo futhi ivuke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuphela.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Umndeni ngamunye uvame ukuba nendawo yawo yokudla, echazwe kahle. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi "izinja" zamakholoni ahlukahlukene zidla ndawonye noma zisondelene ngokuvumelana nokuvumelana. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zilwane utshani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zendawo yokuhlala azikwazi ukubanikeza ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu.
Kodwa lezi zilwane zinxephezela ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni ngokudla izinambuzane eziningi zasendle. Izilwane ezi-Fluffy ezinhle ziklaba esixukwini, futhi uphawu oluyinhloko lokuba khona kwazo yizindawo ezingama-steppe ezihluthulwe kahle, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zikhululwe ngokuphelele ezimileni zezilwane ezinamandla. Kepha ngezilwane uqobo, lokhu kungcono kuphela, ngoba utshani obuncane endaweni yabo, ukubona kude, ngakho-ke kuphakama ukuphepha, abakukhathalelayo ngentshiseko enkulu.
Kodwa-ke, amagundane anjalo kwesinye isikhathi abangela ukulimala okubi kakhulu kubantu. Bacekela phansi amadlelo bese bemba umhlaba kahle kuwo, badle izitshalo ezilinyiwe. Kungaba yinhlekelele yangempela izinja zasemaphandleni esivandeni.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Omama abampofu, bevundiswa ngomunye wabesilisa bomndeni wabo, baletha udoti wamagundane amancane kanye ngonyaka, entwasahlobo. Inzalo ngamagama wokubala ingavela incane, kepha kokunye inani lamawundlu lifinyelela izingcezu eziyi-10, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, "izinja" azizali kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe inyanga. Izingane zizalwa zingaboni futhi zihlala ziyizimpumputhe cishe amasonto amahlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho babona kahle futhi bayaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngemuva kwamanye amasonto ambalwa, sezivele zihamba ngokushesha futhi zishiya umkhawulo womgodi, zihlola umhlaba. Kepha abawushiyi umndeni wabo, bakhula ndawonye nezihlobo futhi ngaphansi kweso labo, bafunda kwabadala ukuhlakanipha kokusinda.
Cishe eminyakeni emithathu, intsha ivuthwa ngokuzala. Manje sesifikile isikhathi sokuba isizukulwane esisha sithuthukise, sinqobe futhi sivikele izindawo zaso, sandise imingcele yekoloni. Imvamisa, abadala bahamba bodwa, ngokuzithandela banikeza amawundlu abo asekhulile imingcele efanelekile futhi ethokomele. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi intsha izakhela umndeni wayo.
Izinja zasePrairie zilala ngaphansi komhlaba futhi zicasha ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye
Izilwane ezinhle kangaka zivame ukukhulelwa ekuthunjweni. Kungani kungenjalo? Ziyahlekisa futhi zithakazelisa kakhulu ukuzibuka. Ngasikhathi sinye, bajwayela impilo enethezekile, eyondlekile, futhi ngemuva kwalokho abazami nokugqashula. Izingane ezifikile kubantu zivame ukondliwa ngobisi lwenkomo ngezithasiselo ezikhethekile zokufakelwa.
Bagcina amagundane ezitsheni noma emakhejini avulekile, ngaphansi kwawo kugcwele isihlabathi noma inhlabathi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izinga lokushisa endlini enjalo lingaphansi kuka- + 12 ° С, ngoba lezi zilwane zine-thermophilic kakhulu. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezindala zondliwa ngotshani, ifula, okusanhlamvu, imifino, izithelo, amantongomane.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokuthunjwa, "izinja" ziyakwazi ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-11. Kepha endaweni yemvelo, lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka. Lokhu kungenxa yezifo, izingozi kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngokwemvelo, izitha ezikhohlisayo "zezinja" zingama-coyotes, ama-badgers, ama-ferrets, avela ezinyoni - izikhova, ama-falcons, ama-hawks. Ngakho-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi baphile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-8. Futhi leli yicala elihle kakhulu.
Inzuzo nokulimala
Ukugcinwa kwekhaya lezilwane ezinjalo, yize kungenabungozi, kunezinkinga ezanele. Futhi ububi obukhulu bezilwane ezinjalo ukufuna ukwazi ngokweqile. Uma benikezwa inkululeko eningi kakhulu, baqala ukukhuphuka yonke indawo futhi kusuka kuyo yonke indawo banomkhuba wokuthatha "izindebe" ezebiwe okuhehe ukunaka kwabo ezintweni zabo.
Ukulimala okwenziwa ngamasela asebenzayo kwesinye isikhathi kuphawuleka. Uma sicabanga ngalokhu okungenhla, ake sizame ukucabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lwamagundane okuphazamisa olunganikeza abanikazi bendawo yomhlaba uma befika lapho ngaphandle kwesidingo futhi ngobuningi babo, ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala lapho isikhathi eside futhi bahlele ikoloni. Awekho amagama lapha okuchaza umonakalo nokulahleka okungaba khona.
Ngalesi sizathu, abalimi baseMelika bawaqothula amagundane anjalo selokhu baqala ukuthuthukisa la mazwe, beza nezindlela ezahlukahlukene kanjani ukuqeda izinja zasemaphandleni? Futhi le mpi yayingenasihawu, kepha imiphumela yayo yayimbi kakhulu. Futhi ukuqonda zonke izikali zabo, kwanele ukusho leli qiniso elilandelayo.
Izinja zasePrairie zinejazi elijiyile, eliminyene futhi zithwala amazenze
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, inani lezilwane ezinjalo lalinganiselwa emakhulwini ezigidi, futhi ekupheleni kwalo - izigidi ezimbili kuphela. Kulokhu, ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo nokulima amathafa nakho kudlale indima edabukisayo, okonakalise indawo yemvelo yamagundane ethu hhayi ezindaweni ngazinye, kodwa ngobuningi.
Kepha yini iphuzu eliyinhloko? Ukuthula kwezilwane nezilwane zalesi sifunda sekuvele kwephulwe ngokungenakuqanjwa emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Futhi "izinja" ezingenabungozi azibanga nje kuphela ukulimala kwezomnotho, kepha futhi beziyingxenye yalolu hlelo lwemvelo. Bakhonze futhi bakhonza njengokudla kwabamele abaningi bezilwane ezidlayo ezihlala ezigodini. Ngenxa yalokho, owokugcina naye wahlupheka, yingakho isimo sesifunda.
Ungayisusa kanjani
Iphutha elikhulu elenziwa ngabanikazi bomhlaba baseMelika kube ukuzama ukuqothula "izinja", njengamagundane ajwayelekile, ngamakhemikhali. Kepha lezi akuzona amagundane, kepha izidalwa ezihlakaniphile. Bayakwazi ukubona ukuheha, basakaze yonke indawo ngesimo sokudla okunoshevu. Badlula izingibe ezibekiwe nezicupho.
Izenzo zokufafaza izinto eziyingozi emoyeni kuvele ukuthi azinangqondo ngokwengeziwe. Amakholoni alezi zilwane maningi kakhulu futhi atholakala ejulile ngaphansi komhlaba. Akunakwenzeka ukuzikhipha ngokuphelele ngale ndlela. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukulimala kwemvelo kwakukukhulu kakhulu ngomphumela omncane. Imizamo yokungcolisa amanzi esifundeni ngekhemistri iholele emiphumeleni edabukisayo efanayo.
Ukubamba "izinja", kucatshangelwa ubukhulu bekoloni labo, nakho akusizi ngalutho. Kodwa-ke, kusenendlela yokuxosha amagundane angathandeki endaweni yayo, futhi iphephile emvelweni nakubantu. Le ultrasound yethukile.
Amagagasi akhishwa yibo enza "izinja" zibaleke ezindaweni ezibalulekile zomhlaba. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngezinga eliphakeme lamathuba nangesikhathi esifushane. Le mikhiqizo yesimanje enobungani bemvelo.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Esikhathini esithile esidlule, amahemuhemu ngobukhona nokuphila okusebenzayo ensimini yaseRussia, ikakhulukazi eSiberia, izinja zasemathafeni... Kwakunemibiko eyanele ngalokhu kwi-Intanethi. Kodwa amaqiniso anjalo awaqinisekiswanga ngenkathi bephenya. Njengoba kwenzekile, amanye amagundane amakhulu amane adidaniswe "nezinja" ezitholakala kuphela emaqeleni aseNyakatho Melika.
Futhi ezindaweni zaseRussia, ngenxa yezici zazo zebhayoloji, izilwane ezi-thermophilic ezichazwe nje kithi azikwazanga ukusinda, noma ngabe sicabanga ukuthi zilethwe kulezi zifunda ngenhlanhla noma ngenhloso. Yilokho kuphela. Lokhu kungaqeda indaba ngezilwane ezincane ezi-fluffy. Kepha kukho konke okungenhla, sizokwengeza amanye amaqiniso:
- Izinja zasePrairie ngokwemvelo zinikezwe ngamehlo abukhali kakhulu. Futhi-ke, izilwane eziqaphile, ukuze zihlole indawo ezungezile, khipha nje iziqongo zazo emgodini. Lokhu kwanele ukuthi bakwazi ukubona konke abakudingayo;
- Izitho ezinamandla zokuthinta izinja zethu ezingamagundane zingama-receptors akhethekile atholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezindaweni zezintende nolimi lwawo;
- Amagundane anjalo anamazinyo abukhali angama-22, kepha ama-canine awekho phakathi kwawo, kepha kukhona ama-molars, ama-molars amancane nama-incisors;
- Sekuvele kushiwo ukuthi "izinja" zixwayisa izihlobo zazo ngengozi ngokukhonkotha kwazo. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, lezi zilwane zamanye amacala zinolimi oluthuthukisiwe lokuxhumana. Ngokuyinhloko, kunamasiginali akhethekile akhombisa ubukhona besikhungo esivele sikhona endaweni ethile;
- Ngokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, umzimba "wezinja" ungena esimweni esikhethekile lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuncipha ngokweqile, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehla ngama-degree ambalwa. Kodwa emakhazeni amabi, bashona phansi;
- Izinja zePrairie, njengohlobo lwebhayoloji, zihlukaniswe hhayi ngezinhlobo kuphela, kodwa futhi ngamaqembu amabili. Abamele abokuqala babo banomsila omnyama ekugcineni futhi banezingono eziyisishiyagalombili. Futhi iqembu lesibili lifaka izilwane ezinomsila omhlophe ekugcineni. Zinezingono eziyishumi.
Imvamisa amagundane, izakhamuzi zasezintabeni zaseMelika, nawo adidekile nezinja zaseChina. Lezi nazo zingamagundane, kodwa ngaphandle zihluke ngokuphelele kuzo. Ukufana kusegameni kuphela. Izinja zaseChina azihlali eChina nhlobo, kepha ziyatholakala lapha. Zincane ngosayizi, zifana namagundane ngokubukeka futhi ziyizinambuzane ezimbi. Bacekela phansi izitshalo futhi badla amagxolo ezihlahla.
