“Ukuhamba njenge-gogol” kuyinkulumo ezwakala njalo futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhuluma nomuntu oziqhenyayo. Nayi i-classic yezincwadi zomhlaba uN.V. I-Gogol ayihlangene nakancane nayo: inyoni yomndeni wedada yanikela ngokuphila kuyunithi ye-phraseological - gogolohamba nekhanda lakhe liphonswe emuva futhi elishaya ngapha nangapha - njengomuntu obalulekile.
Incazelo nezici
Inyoni gogol Izazi ze-Ornithologists zibhekisa kumadada asendle wokuntywila, afinyelela kubude bomzimba obungu-46 cm ngesisindo esingu-1.1 kg, inhlobonhlobo encane inesisindo esingeqile kumagremu angama-450, yize kukhona nezinyoni ngazinye ezinesisindo esingu-2 kg.
Ikhanda elikhulu elingunxantathu elinomqhele ocijile kanye nomlomo ophakeme obukhali, obanzi esisekelweni bese uthinta ngasesinqeni, ume emzimbeni we-gogol oyisitokisi. Ngasikhathi sinye, intamo ijwayelekile ngamadada - hhayi amakhulu futhi amafushane.
Umbala wamadada abobulili obuhlukile uhlukile: ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa izinyoni gogol esithombeni kubukeka sengathi kunesizotha, izimpaphe ezimnyama ekhanda zithola insimbi eluhlaza okotshani, ezansi nomlomo kuvela indawo emhlophe enesimo esijwayelekile esiyindilinga. Amehlo nawo ayashintsha - iris iba phuzi ngokugqamile, umbala woqhwaku ube mnyama.
Isisu, izinhlangothi nesifuba sale nyoni kunezimpaphe ezimhlophe qhwa, amahlombe ahlotshiswe ngomugqa wokushintshanisa izimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe. Ingemuva, njengomsila, imnyama, kepha izimpiko zipendwe ngokumnyama nansundu. Imilenze ewolintshi inezikhumba ezinombala onsundu, ezisiza inyoni ukuthi ihlale ngokuzethemba ezinyaweni zayo.
Owesifazane akakhanyi kangako: izimpaphe zakhe azinakho okuphambene, umzimba unombala onsundu, ikhanda nentamo ansundu ngendandatho emhlophe yezimpaphe ivelele ngemuva kwayo. Izimpiko zabesilisa nabesifazane zicishe zifane, kanti ehlobo, lapho abesilisa belahlekelwa ukugqama kwezimpaphe, kuba nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinyoni zobulili obuhlukile.
Izinhlobo
IGogol yinyoni engajwayelekile kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zala madada ngokwemvelo, ahlukile ngosayizi womzimba:
- ejwayelekile evame ukutholakala endaweni yemvelo. Umbala uyaphikisana, uyehluka kwabesilisa nabesifazane futhi kuya ngesizini: entwasahlobo idrake iyagqama, ngaleyo ndlela iheha idada. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhwelana, uyancibilika bese uyahlukeka kancane kowesifazane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye ososayensi bahlukanisa ama-subspecies amabili we-gogol evamile - i-American ne-Eurasia, bebheka isisindo nobukhulu bomlomo njengezici ezihlukile. Kodwa-ke, kwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni ukubheka umehluko onje kuphela njengomphumela wezici zemvelo, kanti uhlobo lolo lunye kuphela;
- okuncane kufana nommeleli ojwayelekile wezinhlobo, kepha usayizi omncane kakhulu. Ngemuva kwabesilisa kunombala omnyama, isisu nezinhlangothi zimhlophe njengeqhwa, abesifazane bampunga, i-nondescript, ngombala onsundu ngemuva;
- Isi-Icelandic ngokufana nokuvamile, izinyoni zobulili obuhlukile nobudala obungaphandle kwenkathi yokukhwelana azihlukaniseki neze. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, i-Icelander ishintsha umbala: izimpaphe ezibubende ziyavela ekhanda, futhi ukwakheka kwayo okungunxantathu kuhlukaniswa kakhulu indawo emhlophe eneziphetho eziyindilinga. Uqhwaku oluwolintshi lube mnyama lube mnyama nsundu.
Abesilisa bazo zonke izinhlobo bakhulu kunabesifazane, kanti amaphiko enyoni endala afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-85. I-Gogol intanta ngokuphelele emanzini futhi ibhukuda ngokushesha, kepha iyindida emhlabeni.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
IGogol iyinyoni efudukayo; kubusika eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yendawo yokwakha isidleke, kukhetha ugu lolwandle noma imizimba emikhulu yamanzi. Kepha ekuhlelweni kwezidleke, amadada avame ukukhetha amahlathi e-coniferous, kepha angatholakala nasemasimini aqinile e-Europe nase-Asia, abantu abancane bahlala eNyakatho Melika.
Ingxenye esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu isiphenduke indawo yokuhlala kwamanye amalungu ezinhlobo. Uhlobo lwenyoni lwase-Iceland luseduze nemifula, amachibi namahlathi ase-Iceland naseGreenland. Abanye abantu batholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMelika naseLabrador.
Encane ugogo uyaphila engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika kuphela, ebusika ihambela ezwekazini ikakhulukazi ibheke eMexico. Bahlala eduze kwamachibi amancane amanzi angenasawoti, begwema izindawo ezivulekile ze-tundra.
Indawo eyintandokazi yokwakha isidleke umgodi omdala esiqwini somuthi, ngakho-ke, phakathi kwabantu abavamile, ama-gogols avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amabhokisi ezidleke, kepha inyoni ayikudeleli ukuhlala emigodini yezilwane. Amadada angahlala esidlekeni esingafika kumamitha ayi-15, kepha lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuqeqeshwa kwenzalo.
Ngokukhombisa insikazi yehlela phansi futhi, ihlala eduze kwesihlahla, ibiza amaphuphu. Amantshontsho amadada ngokunye agxuma aphume esidlekeni bese eshayana ngamaphiko awo, awele ohlakeni oluthambile lukaphayini noma ubulembu.
I-Gogol inomlingiswa onolaka futhi ihlasela noma ngubani oseduze kwesidleke. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, izinyoni zixhumana zodwa ngokukhala okukhethekile, okuvamise ukuthi kuthathwe njengezimbadada ezincinza.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Igoli ledada kungokwenyoni ezidla inyama, isisekelo sokudla kwayo sakhiwa izakhamuzi zasemanzini: izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans, amaxoxo. Amadada awazideleli izibungu zezinambuzane nenhlanzi ethosiwe. Abazingeli baphawula ukuthi inyama yedada inuka kakhulu inhlanzi nodaka.
Ngendlela, lokhu kokugcina kufakiwe kwimenyu yezitshalo zama-gogols, kanye nezitshalo ezikhula ekujuleni kwechibi kanye nokusanhlamvu okugcwele, lapho inyoni icwila khona kukholamu lamanzi. Idada likwazi ukuchitha isikhathi esifinyelela kumaminithi ambalwa ekujuleni kwe-4-10 m lifuna ukudla, bese lintanta phezulu futhi lidle okutholakele.
Ukudla okunothe kakhulu yizindawo ezivame ukugcwala amanzi - izindawo ezincane ezisogwini noma izindawo zomhlaba eziseduze nemifudlana - lapho amadada evame ukuthola izikelemu noma izibungu, izinyoni namaqanda ezinwabuzelayo, isibonelo, izibankwa, azibaleki.
Esikhathini sekwindla, i-gogol idla ukudla kwezitshalo okuningi kunesikhathi sonke - ngale ndlela amadada alungiselela ubusika lapho ukudla kwawo kuzomelwa kuphela ama-mollusks nama-crustaceans.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
I-gogol ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili eneminyaka emibili ubudala, owesilisa kusukela kulo mzuzu uqala ukufuna owesifazane ukuze akhiqize kabusha. Kwenzeka emasontweni okugcina asebusika, kanti entwasahlobo umbhangqwana owakhiwe uqala ukufuna indawo yokwakha izidleke. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ogogo abanazimpi phakathi kwabesilisa ngamadada, kunalokho, amadrake aziphatha njengabanumzane beqiniso futhi "banakekele" abesifazane.
Imidlalo yokukhwelana yamagogo yimidanso: owesilisa uphonsa ikhanda lakhe emuva bese ephakamisa umlomo wakhe, enza umsindo ophansi wokukhala. Ukwenza umentshisi kwenzeka emanzini futhi kuhambisana nenqwaba yamachaphazi akha umthombo ozungeze owesilisa futhi uhehe insikazi.
Idada lihlomisa ngokuzimela isidleke futhi ngemuva kokukhulelwa libekela amaqanda angama-4-20 lapho bese liwafukamela lodwa: ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhwelana, owesilisa uqala ukushintsha umbala womzimba wakhe. Idada livikela isidleke ngezimpaphe lalo naphansi - ngakho-ke, amaqanda esifazane aqanduselwa angabonwa kalula ngokungabikho kwezimpaphe esifubeni nasezinhlangothini.
Umama okhulelwe uthola ukudla, aziphazamise ekuchamuselweni, kepha hhayi ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ezedlule, lapho idada lihlukaniswe amaqanda. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinsikazi ezimbili zingabeka amaqanda esidlekeni esisodwa, kuyilapho zingabambisani ngokuphelele - ngalinye lichamisela amaqanda alo bese lishiya indawo yokuhlala, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini elinye idada.
Isikhathi esiphelele phakathi kokukhulelwa nokuchamuselwa kwamadada inyanga, amachwane e-gogol Kakade kusukela ekuzalweni banesembozo esimnyama nesimhlophe phansi, futhi ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 ngemuva kokuzalwa baqala ukushiya isidleke futhi benze imizamo yabo yokuqala yokundiza.
Uma sekuphele isonto elilodwa, umama uletha amachwane amadada echibini futhi uwafundisa ukudilika ukuze bakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla bodwa. Amachwane anezinyanga ezimbili ubudala athola ukuzimela futhi akwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade, ehambela osebeni lwamanzi amakhulu.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi i-gogol inokuzivikela okuhle kakhulu, futhi amatshwele awo akuvamile ukuba abulawe yizifo, isikhathi sokuphila salezi zinyoni sifushane. Ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esihle, idada lingaphila iminyaka eyi-6-7, kepha kwabhalwa iminyaka eyikhulu neshumi nane.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Iris yegolide yamehlo e-gogol, ehlukaniswa ngokusobala ngemuva kwesizinda sekhanda, yanikeza idada, elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiNgisini, igama elithi lacewing ejwayelekile.
- Eminyakeni yama-80s yekhulu elidlule, i-gogol yafakwa ohlwini lweRed Book ngenxa yenani layo elincane, kepha inani lakhona aligcinwanga nje kuphela, kepha futhi lenyuka ngokuzalaniswa kwezimo ezenziwe ngokufakelwa.
- I-Gogol iyinyoni yamahhala, emapulazini lapho ifuyelwa khona, amadada ahlukanisiwe nezinye izinyoni futhi, uma kungenzeka, enza inqubo yokuwondla nokunakekela, ngoba izinyoni azikuthandi ukungenelela komuntu ezimpilweni zazo, isikhathi saso ekuthunjweni sincishiswe saba yiminyaka engu-5-7. Futhi okuqukethwe yi-gogol akunakubizwa ngokuthi kulula - udinga ukufinyelela okungenamkhawulo emanzini, amatshe amancane amancane abushelelezi nesihlabathi esiyimbudumbudu. Amadada asekhaya afunzwa ngezinhlanzi ezintsha, izinhlobo ezikhethekile zebhakede kanye nebhali, ofakwe kahle emanzini.
- Amantshontsho amadada asanda kuchanyuselwa ayakwazi ukweqa aphume esidlekeni, asendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-15, elandela unina futhi angahlupheki nakancane.
- Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uhlala eduze kwesidleke izinsuku ezingama-5-8 ngemuva kokuthi owesifazane abekele amaqanda, uvikela kuphela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, kepha akahlanganyeli ekufukameleni futhi akulethi kudada.
Ukuzingela kwe-Gogol
Imvamisa, ukuzingelwa kwamadada okuntywila kuqala ekwindla kuqhubeke kuze kube sentwasahlobo, lapho kuqala isikhathi sokufukamela izinyoni. Kodwa-ke, i-gogol iyinto ehlukile: inyama yayo ayinambitheki futhi inephunga lezinhlanzi, futhi isisindo ngemuva kokukha sincane kakhulu - kwesinye isikhathi amagremu angama-250-300, ngakho-ke abazingeli abayithandi le nyoni.
Uma idada lolu hlobo ludliwa, isidumbu sihlanzwa ngokuphelele esikhunjeni nasemafutheni angaphansi kwesikhumba, simanziwe emaminithini okungenani usuku, bese sishiswa noma sithosiwe emlilweni - isobho le-gogol liphenduka linganambitheki futhi likhuluphele kakhulu. Kepha phansi nophaphe lwala madada kufudumele futhi kuthambile, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, ngakho-ke kunabantu abathanda ukudubula i-gogol.
Abesifazane izinyoni ze-gogol entwasahlobo ukuvikelwa ekubulaweni - ukuzingela kuvunyelwe kuphela kuma-drake, kepha akuvunyelwe ngisho nokwethusa amadada, ngoba afukamela amaqanda, ngakho-ke ukuzungeza izindawo zokwakha izidleke kufanele kwenzeke ngesibhamu esikhanyayo.
Esikhathini esiningi, amadada okukhohlisa asetshenziselwa ukuzingela i-gogol - aheha abesilisa abaphuma ezihlahleni zomhlanga bese bengena emkhakheni wokubuka kwabazingeli abasezikebheni eziseduze nomfula.
Phakathi kwamaSlavs asendulo, i-gogol rut yayithathwa njengohlobo olukhethekile lokudoba - yayihlanganisa ukuqoqa phansi namaqanda ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke zabesifazane. Amaqanda makhulu, imvamisa anezikhupha ezimbili futhi ayadleka impela, kepha izazi zokudla azikukhuthazi ukuwadla ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo kwekhalori ephezulu.
Idada lokuntywila elihle lohlobo lweGogol belilokhu linentshisekelo kuma-ornithologists, isimilo salo esinobudlova ngokungajwayelekile komakhelwane balo abaseduze kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinguquko zezimpaphe kwabesilisa kudonsela abacwaningi.
Esikhathini esithile esidlule, ngenxa yokuthandwa kwezinyoni ezigcwele lezi zinhlobo, zazisengcupheni yokuqothulwa, kodwa ngemizamo ehlangene yososayensi abavela emazweni e-CIS, kungenzeka ukubuyisa inani labantu be-gogol. EBelarus, ngo-2016, leli dada lathola umklomelo esigabeni esithi "Izinyoni Zonyaka", kulesi senzakalo kwakhishwa izitembu futhi kwenziwa izinhlamvu zemali zesikhumbuzo ezinomfanekiso we-gogol, futhi ukuzingelwa kwakhe kwakulinganiselwe.
