Incazelo nezici
Kulik uthayi ingeyomndeni wama-plover, ama-genus plovers futhi ihlala osebeni lwemifula yamanzi ajulile nancane, amachibi amakhulu namancane neminye imizimba yamanzi. Kubhekwa njengenyoni encane efudukayo.
Isibopho - inyoni ngesizotha ngosayizi. Ubude bayo abufiki ngaphezu kuka-20 cm, futhi isisindo sayo siyashintshashintsha sibe ngama-80 g. Naphezu kwemingcele engabalulekile, uthayi unokwakheka okukhulu kakhulu. Imininingwane ehlaba umxhwele ne-wingpanpan, izinkomba zingafinyelela ku-50-60 cm.
Umbala wabantu abavuthiwe ungwevu, onethoni yomhlaba onsundu, isisu nentamo kumhlophe, futhi umugqa omnyama entanyeni ubonakala kahle ngothayi. Kukhona nezimpaphe ezimnyama ekhanda - eduze komlomo namehlo. Isici esithokozisayo uqhwaku lwesiqwaba sesihlabathi: ebusika luyaphela futhi lube mpunga omnyama, kwesinye isikhathi lube mnyama, futhi ehlobo, kunalokho, ichopho kuphela elihlala limnyama, futhi iningi lalo liphenduka umbala ophuzi ogqamile ogqamile. Izinyawo nazo ziphuzi, kwesinye isikhathi amanothi awolintshi noma abomvu akhona.
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, eyeduna inezimpaphe ezimhlophe engxenyeni engaphambili, ebonakala ngathi yephula umugqa omnyama ojiyile ekhanda bese iyiphendula imaski. I-plover yesifazane enezimpaphe zayo ayishiyi ngemuva kowesilisa futhi ifana kakhulu nayo, ngaphandle kombala osezindlebeni.
Ngokungafani neduna, izimpaphe zalo kule ndawo zimnyama, kowesifazane kunombala onsundu. Intsha ifana ngombala nakubantu abadala, kepha ayikhanyi kangako. Amabala azo amnyama ansundu kunamnyama.
Ukunyakaza kothayi, njengabanye abantu abavela kuhlobo lwama-plovers, kuyashesha, kuyashesha, futhi kwesinye isikhathi akulindelekile. Lapho inyoni indiza iphansi kakhulu ngenhla komgwaqo ihamba ngendlela engafanele, yenza ukushaya okuqinile, kube sengathi kugingqika kuphiko kuya kwelinye. Uthayi unomsindo kakhulu futhi uyaxokozela. Ukucula kwakhe kufana nempempe ebukhali, bese kuba yimpempe ethambile.
Izinhlobo
Kukhona ama-subspecies amathathu ahlukanisiwe ama-plovers asuselwa kusakhiwo, umbala, nendawo. Ngakho-ke, ama-subspecies uGreyet Gray azinza eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eHiaticula Linnaeus uthayi uhlala enyakatho ye-Asia, eYurophu naseGreenland, iSemipalmatus Bonaparte plover iyabonakala eMelika.
Ngokubukeka, ama-subspecies ale nyoni afana kakhulu. Ngokwehlukile, kufanelekile ukugqamisa uthayi onomzimba noma, njengoba ubizwa kanjalo phakathi kwabaqaphi bezinyoni, uCharadrius Hiaticula. Le nyoni enezimpiko inolwelwesi, kuyilapho amanye ama-neckyies ehlukanise izinzwane. Ukwehliswa kwenyoni akunasizathu, kepha bakhuluma ngokuxhumana okukhethekile phakathi kwenyoni namanzi. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo eziningi, uthayi we-webbed akuyona nje indoda ebhukuda enhle kakhulu, kepha futhi uthola ukudla kwawo emanzini.
Kukhona nezinhlobo zasolwandle zeplover, enye eyaziwa ngokuthi yiCharadrius Alexandrinus. Igama ngokwalo lifihla isici salo esiyinhloko - impilo emaphethelweni avulekile. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, uthayi wasolwandle unombala obomvu-mpunga, uqhwaku nemilenze kumnyama.
Ingane ayinkulu kunondlunkulu ojwayelekile futhi inolayini ophuzi eduze kwamehlo - uCharadrius placidus noma uhlobo lwe-Ussuri - ikhetha amabhange amatshe amancanyana endaweni yayo.
Ama-plovers amancane (uCharadrius Dubius) angatholakala ogwini olunesihlabathi. Lona ngummeli ojwayelekile kakhulu wothayi.
I-plover enomsindo (Charadrius vociferus), ummeleli omkhulu wohlobo lwayo. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela ku-26 cm ngenxa yomsila omise okwe-wedge. Kusatshalaliswe ezwenikazi laseMelika.
Izimpaphe ze-plover enemilenze ephuzi ebizwa ngeCharadrius melodus zinombala wegolide. Imilenze ngethoni - ophuzi. Lo mbala wemvelo wenza uthayi ucishe ungabonakali. I-plover enyaweni ephuzi itholakala ezingxenyeni ezisogwini lolwandle zase-Atlantic Ocean, e-USA naseCanada. Inyoni efudukayo ikhetha iGulf of Mexico kanye ne-American South Coast ebusika.
I-plover enemigqa emithathu (iCharadrius tricollaris) yehlukile kozakwabo ingekho neyodwa, kepha kunemigqa emibili emnyama esifubeni, kanye nokujika okubomvu kwamehlo nesisekelo soqhwaku oluncane.
I-plover ebomvu (iCharadrius ruficapillus) idume ngezimpaphe ezibomvu ekhanda nasentanyeni. IHabitat - amaxhaphozi ase-Australia naseNew Zealand.
I-plover yaseMongolia (iCharadrius mongolus) inezimpaphe ezinsundu emhlane futhi ilula, noma imhlophe, esiswini. UMongol uhlala empumalanga yeRussia. Ikhetha ukwakha isidleke eChukotka naseKamchatka, futhi ikhetha neziqhingi zeCommander Islands.
ICaspian Plover (Charadrius asiaticus) enesifuba esisawolintshi ibonakala ezindaweni zobumba, izingwadule ezinesihlabathi se-Asia Ephakathi, enyakatho nasempumalanga yoLwandle iCaspian.
ICharadrius leschenaultii i-plover enamakhadi amakhulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-plover e-thick-billed, futhi umuntu omkhulu kakhulu onesisindo esifinyelela ku-100 g. Okucacile kwalolu hlobo ukushintsha kombala ngenkathi kusalolongwa izinhlayiya ezibomvu kuya kwezimpunga. Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukutholakala eTurkey, eSyria naseJordani, nasezindaweni ezivulekile zasogwadule nasemadwaleni e-Armenia, e-Azerbaijan naseKazakhstan.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ukuhlala kweplover akuqinisekile. Zijwayelekile emhlabeni wonke. Kutholakala enkabeni yeRussia naseningizimu yezwe. Uthayi ubonwa ngasempumalanga yeRussia nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uthayi uyinyoni yasogwini. Ukhetha ukuhlala ogwini lwemizimba yamanzi amnandi nosawoti, futhi kunezindawo ezinjalo kulo lonke elaseRussia.
Izidleke zirekhodwe ogwini lwaseBaltic naseNyakatho Yezilwandle, emigodini yase-Ob, Taz naseYenisei. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zingatholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngokwesibonelo, eMedithera, ogwini lwaseSpain, e-Italy, naseSardinia, eSicily naseziQhingini zaseBalearic.
Uthayi wafika eNyakatho Melika. Lapho kuqala ubusika, izintambo zindiza ziye e-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara, ziye eMpumalanga Ephakathi - iNhlonhlo yase-Arabia ne-Asia, China, lapho zihlala khona kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwezinyoni ngqo kuncike esikhathini sonyaka nendawo yokuhlala. Amabhishi emifula, amachibi noma izilwandle, noma ngabe anesihlabathi noma amatshe amancane, agcwele ukuphathwa kwangempela kwama-waders: izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, ama-arthropods, ama-crustaceans, ama-molluscs amancane. Ngokuya ngesizini, inyamazane eyodwa noma enye idla ngokudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-tie-mongers azingela ogwini kuphela, onqenqemeni lwamanzi, kuyaqabukela angene emanzini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izibopho ziyaziwa ngokuba nomuntu oyedwa. Zakha ngazimbili ngesikhathi sokuzalela, kepha zingahlukana nabalingani bazo ngesikhathi sasebusika, noma kunjalo, ngokufika kwentwasahlobo bese zibuyela emazweni ajwayelekile, ziyahlangana futhi. Imidlalo yokukhwelana iqala ngo- uthayi entwasahlobo ezindaweni ezibizwa ngokuthi ezamanje.
Abesifazane babuya emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambili. Isikhathi samanje ngokuvamile sithatha isigamu senyanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zivame ukwakha ngazimbili. Njengoba kujwayelekile kwezinye izinyoni, lesi sinyathelo sivela kwabesilisa. Bathatha ukuma okumile mpo okukhethekile futhi bakhiphe isici sokwehlisa isimo.
Konke lokhu kutshela abesifazane nxazonke ngokulungela kowesilisa ukuhlangana. Abesifazane, nabo, baphendula kulolo gijimi ngokugijima badlule ngokushesha owesilisa ngokudonsa ezintanyeni zabo. Lo mdanso uphindaphindwa kaningana. Ngemuva kokubhangqa, ukumba izidleke zamanga kuqala. Isidleke sakhiwe eduze nendawo yokudla.
Abakhi bethayi bahlala osebeni ngasemanzini, bese bakhe indlu eduzane, kepha ezindaweni ezomile, emagqumeni. Ukubamba indawo yokuhlala akuwona umsebenzi wowesifazane, kodwa kungumsebenzi wesilisa oqondile. Bopha isidleke umgodi omncane. I-fossa ingenziwa ngokwemvelo, noma ngokwenziwe, ngokwesibonelo, ukuze ibe ngumkhondo wesilwane esikhulu.
Njengokwenziwe ngcono, abakhi bethayi basebenzisa amagobolondo amancane asolwandle, amagobolondo, amatshe amancane. Izinyoni ziklelisa imingcele yesidleke nazo, kepha azimbozi phansi nganoma yini. Insikazi izalela amaqanda amancane afinyelela kwayisihlanu, angaba amasentimitha amathathu ubude. Umbala wegobolondo, kusuka ku-beige kuye kokumpunga namabala amnyama, kwenza amaqanda angabonakali ngemuva kwesihlabathi namatshe.
Iqanda ngalinye lizalelwa cishe kanye ngosuku. Ngakho-ke, lonke iklatshi lithatha cishe isonto. Ukuchamisela amaqanda kuhlala inyanga. Hhayi abesifazane kuphela ababamba iqhaza kuwo, kodwa futhi nabesilisa - ukulingana kwangempela kwabesilisa nabesifazane! Ilinde inzalo, abalingani bomshado bayashintshana nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sasemini noma ebusuku, futhi ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esibi.
Uma isidleke sihlaselwe noma inzalo yethayi ingasindanga nganoma yisiphi esinye isizathu, lo mbhangqwana wenza omunye umzamo. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, inani lama-clutches lingafika izikhathi ezinhlanu!
Ngeshwa, iphesenti lamachwane aqinile lincane kakhulu. Uhhafu ncamashi walabo abachanyuselwe uzokwazi ukukhula uqine futhi uphile, futhi noma ngaphansi - ukunikeza inzalo entsha ngokuzayo. Kepha ngisho nalezi zinyoni ezimbalwa ngeke ziphile iminyaka engaphezu kwemine - lesi yisikhathi sokuphila sikathayi.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Abenzi bamathayi bangamadoda omndeni wangempela nabalingani. Zihlale ziphapheme futhi zikulungele ukuvikela inzalo kuze kube sekupheleni. Lapho ingozi isondela, abalingani bobabili bathatha igalelo futhi baphazamisa ukunaka kwesilwane esidlekeni. Le enezimpaphe isebenzisa inqubo enobuqili - izenza umuntu olimele noma obuthakathaka, okusho ukuthi kulula ukuba yizisulu zezitha zabo.
Umdlalo wabo uze ufike emsileni osakazeke kabanzi, amaphiko avulekile kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa. Ubuqili obunjalo bususa amehlo omzingeli kude ne-clutch. Ithayi ayesabi ukuhlanganyela empini nabamele abakhulu bezinyoni ezidla inyama, njengefalcon noma i-skua.
Inyoni ivuthwa kusenesikhathi, ivuthwa ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili. Ama-tie-mates abeletha izingane kuze kube izikhathi eziyisithupha phakathi nokuphila kwabo. Okufanayo bopha esithombeni kungabukeka kwehlukile. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehluka kwesizini kombala wayo ngemuva. Abenza othayi bangabhukudi abahle, kepha bakhetha ukuthola ukudla ogwini.
Ngemuva kobusika, bajwayele ukubuyela ezindaweni zezidleke zabo zangaphambili, bese bakhe ezintsha eziseduze. Ngemuva kokulahlekelwa ngomunye wozakwethu, futhi ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi eside, abakhi bezintambo abayeki ukuqapha indawo yokuhlala eyayakhiwe naye futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, bayayigada. Yize inabantu abaningi, ePapa Stour, iqoqo leziqhingi zaseScotland, uthayi ubalwa njengenyoni evikelekile.
