Kulula ukucabanga inkukhu. Lo ngomunye wabangane bomuntu wasendulo. Kutholakale ukuthi yafuyelwa emuva ngo-3500 BC. eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kodwa-ke, ngokocwaningo oluthile lwe-DNA, lokhu kwenzeka phambilini, ngo-6000 - 8000 BC. eChina. Waboniswa emifanekisweni yaseGibhithe lasendulo nasemiqulwini yasendulo yamaShayina.
Inkukhu elula ezalela amaqanda ajwayelekile, amnandi kakhulu, futhi engazenzi ehlukile. Akuhloniphi, kepha kuyadingeka. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwalezi zinyoni kunezinhlobo ezimangazayo kakhulu ezinokubukeka okungajwayelekile namakhono angavamile - izinkukhu zohlobo I-Araucan.
Lezi zinyoni zibekela amaqanda angadingi ngisho nokupendwa ngePhasika. Zinhle kakhulu - ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ziluhlaza okombala, njengamapharele amakhulu ama-oblong - angumhlobiso ngokwawo.
Umehluko wesibili phakathi kwalezi zinkukhu ukuthi awunawo umsila, kuthi uma kwenzeka, azame ukuwususa. Lokhu uphawu lwentengiso yabo. Futhi isici sabo sesithathu amadevu e-chic hussar, izicucu zezimpaphe eziphuma endlebeni yendlebe.
Uhlobo lwezinkukhu lwe-Araucana odabuka eNyakatho Melika. Noma kunalokho, kusuka eChile. Ngesinye isikhathi, eminyakeni engaba ngu-500 edlule, bakhuliswa amaNdiya ahlakaniphile avela esizweni sama-Araucan. Bakhethe izinkukhu ezithwala amaqanda ombala ongaqondakali oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, namaqhude azikhombisa kahle empini ngoba umsila wazo awuziphazamisi. Iziqu ezinde zinikeze umphumela omuhle kangaka.
Le nyoni yaqanjwa ngegama lesizwe "sabazalisi" bokudala. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kokuwela nezinye izinhlobo, isici esiyingqayizivele ngesimo segobolondo eliluhlaza okotshani singanyamalala vele esizukulwaneni sokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza okuhle kwaqashelwa lapho kweqiwa nabakwaRussia.
Amaqanda ayehlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumsulwa. Uma isikhukhukazi senkathi yesithathu sasike sabekela amaqanda ansundu phambilini, isiphambano esivela kokuwela izinhlobo ezinjalo sasinikeza umbala womnqumo omuhle. Kodwa inzalo yamaqanda anjalo yayingasekho i-Araucan. Imininingwane yokuqala kulezi zinkukhu isukela emuva ku-1526, lapho amaSpanish namaPutukezi befika eMelika.
Bachazwe ngomdlandla nguCabot jikelele kanye nesazi semvelo saseSpain. Kuyacaca ukuthi lezi zinkukhu zazizalwa ngabomdabu phambilini, kepha ngubani owaziyo ngakho? Babesebenzisa amaqanda hhayi ukudla kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwenza amasiko omlingo. Futhi ngo-1888, kwafika abantu abaningana ezweni lethu, beshiya izwe labo. Kodwa-ke, abalutholanga udumo olubanzi ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngo-1919 baphinda batholwa eChile nguSolwazi Costello, owabanika ithuba elisha lokuthi badume. Kwaqala kanjalo-ke "udwendwe lokunqoba" lwezinkukhu zokuhlobisa emhlabeni jikelele. Izinganekwane zakhiwa ngokushesha ngamaqanda azo ukuthi zinezici zokuphilisa ezingavamile. Kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi azihlukile ngekhwalithi kumaqanda ezinye izinhlobo.
Ngo-1926 zethulwa eWorld Scientific Association of Poultry Breeders eThe Hague. Bafakwa ezingeni laseYurophu (laseJalimane) kuphela ngo-1965. Izindinganiso eziningana manje ziyasebenza kule nyoni.
Incazelo nezici
Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zalolu hlobo umbala wegobolondo nokungabikho komsila. Kanye nentshebe enhle nomhlobiso wezimpaphe zamadevu. Ngokuphathelene nokungabikho ngokuphelele komsila - yilokhu izinhlobo zezinkukhu zaseJalimane ezihlukile. AmaNgisi namaMelika anomsila omncane.
Amaqanda e-Araucana engajwayelekile kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi abomdabu bazama ukufuya izinkukhu nge-pheasant ukuthola umbala oyingqayizivele. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwesimanje lukhombisile ukuthi akunjalo. Umbala wamaqanda utholakala ngenxa yobukhona be-biliverdin emiseleni ethwele amaqanda yenyoni yesifazane.
Le pigment ye-bile eluhlaza iphakathi nendawo ekuwohlokeni kwe-hemoglobin. Amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, usayizi ucishe ufane nowesikhukhukazi esijwayelekile, isisindo singu-57-58 g. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sikhukukazi, yize sihlobisa, siyisikhukhukazi esihle sokubekela. Awuzitholi nje kuphela inyoni enhle, kodwa futhi nenyoni ekhiqizayo.
U-Araucana esithombeni ihehe kakhulu. Azizinkulu kakhulu, kodwa zakhiwe kahle. Izimpaphe zibukeka njengokhaphethi ojiyile. Umbala wazo uhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi imibala ehlanganisiwe ethokozisayo. Kunemibala emnyama, yegolide, emnyama nebomvu, ukolweni, imibala yezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye nenhlanganisela yazo ehlukahlukene.
Ukuvela kwezinkukhu kuchazwa ngokuqinile ngamazinga amukelwe. Ikhanda lincane, entanyeni emfushane, engadluli ngokunganakile iye emuva ebanzi eqonde emuva, futhi ukusuka ngaphambili kuye esifubeni esibanzi ngokulinganayo, esingahlanganisi. Amehlo ayo ayindingilizi, abomvu ngokubomvu. Uqhwaku luncane, lugobeke kancane lubheke phansi. I-scallop incane, ifana nommbila wesitshalo semidumba.
Amacici nezindlebe kubomvu, futhi kucoceke kakhulu. Izimpaphe ezisemaceleni omzimba ziyabizwa. Umzimba ukhuluphele, uhlangene. Izimpiko azizinde, zinamathela ngokuqinile emzimbeni. Imvamisa awukho umsila, lokhu kubangelwa ukungabi bikho kwama-vertebrae omsila, isici esivelele esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Imilenze ayimide, iluhlaza sasibhakabhaka. Kukhona izinzwane ezine emilenzeni. Lezi zinkukhu zinosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Inkukhu esikhulile isisindo esingu-1.5-1.7 kg, iqhude - 1.8-2.0 kg. Amaqanda aqala ukuzala kusenesikhathi, afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokushesha. Inyoni eyodwa ingazalela amaqanda ayi-160-180 ngonyaka. Eqandeni zonke izinsuku.
Izinhlobo
Kuya ngombala wepeni izinkukhu araucan zihlukaniswe zaba subspecies eziningana. Ekuqaleni, kwasungulwa futhi kwafakwa imibala eyisisekelo emi-5 - igolide, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okumhlophe, okumnyama nokwasendle. Kepha inhlanganisela yabo eningi yengezwa kubo: emnyama nokubomvu, okwesibhakabhaka sasendle, okwesine okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukolweni oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukolweni, isiliva elinomhlwenga, imingcele eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-cuckoo (hawk).
Ngokuvamile, zonke lezi zinyoni zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezi-3 - ngokuya ngamazinga abawamukelile.
- Izinkukhu zaseMelika ziyi-ameraucana. Lezi zinkukhu zitholakala ngokuwela uhlobo oluphambili lwe-Araucana nezinye izinkukhu. Bazalwa eminyakeni yama-70s yekhulu elidlule ukuze babalekele izinkinga ezihambisana nokuzalanisa inkukhu engenamsila. Futhi thola umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wamaqanda. La maqanda adingeka kakhulu.
- ENgilandi, baphinde bafuya i-Araucan enomsila, ngaphandle kwalokho, unesibindi ekhanda lakhe.
- Kodwa-ke, okuyiyona efanele kakhulu futhi yakudala uhlobo olwamukelwa ngokuya ngezinga labafuyi baseJalimane. Babona kuphela izinhlobo zezinkukhu ezingenamsila, noma kunjalo, kukhona ongakhetha kukho phakathi kwabo: ngezihluthu zezimpaphe ezinhlangothini, ngezihluthu zezimpaphe nentshebe, ngaphandle kwezingodo zezimpaphe, kodwa ngenshebe nangemuva.
Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluthile lwemifino, oluye lwazalwa ngo-1975 e-United States, kwathi ngo-1984 lwafakwa esezingeni. Isimo sakhe somzimba siyefana nenkukhu enkulu. Ukukhula akukuncane kakhulu kunokwabo. Umehluko ngosayizi wamaqanda. Mincane ngokuphawulekayo. Umbala weqanda kuzo zonke lezi zinhlobo Okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwe-Araucan, oluhlaza okotshani noma oluluhlaza ..
Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu zokuhlobisa ezithwala amaqanda anemibala. Isibonelo, ama-olive eggers, ama-Easter eggers, ibha yomlenze onokhilimu. Esikhathini esiningi, amaqanda awo nawo awawona umthunzi ogcwele ngokugqamile, kepha abomvana, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnqumo omncane noma ukhilimu.
Futhi uma iqanda elinombala ushokoledi liwela ezandleni zakho, lokhu akusona isiphambano, kepha cishe uhlobo olufanayo lwenkukhu oluthandwayo njenge I-Araucana, maran... Futhi zinhle kakhulu, kepha azinalo uhlu lozalo lwasendulo.
Ubuhle nobubi bohlobo
Uhlobo lwezinkukhu lwe-Araucana hhayi enhle kuphela, kepha futhi iyasebenza futhi iyasebenziseka. Izimfanelo zabo ezinhle zingabizwa ngokuthi:
- Ukuzithoba nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokushesha.
- Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kunoma yikuphi ukushisa.
- Izinkukhu ze-Araucan ube nobungqabavu obuhle nokusinda.
- Insikazi ivuthwa kusenesikhathi bese iqala ukubeka amaqanda.
- Amaqanda abekwa kaningi futhi kaningi.
- Bayakwazi ukuhlobisa noma iyiphi indlu yenkukhu, njengoba ibukeka kahle.
- Futhi zimnandi.
Kepha kunezici ezingezinhle:
- Okokuqala, i-pugnacity yamaqhude. Le mfanelo ingaletha izinkinga eziningi esitshalweni sokuzalela.
- Abesifazane abachamusi amaqanda. Abazi nje ukuthi kanjani, balahlekelwe yilesi silwane. Uma ufuna ukuzala, cabanga ukuthi iyiphi inkukhu ongazifaka kuyo. Noma uthole i-incubator.
- Ngemuva kokuwela nezinye izinhlobo ze-Araucana, ayimelani nokuvivinywa kwamandla, ilahlekelwa masinyane ngokungafani kwayo, kuqala ukubonakala, bese kuba umbala wamaqanda.
- Lokhu kuseyihlobo lokuhlobisa, ngakho-ke akuvamile futhi kuyabiza.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Ngaphambi kokukhetha lolu hlobo lwepulazi lakho, udinga ukwazi okunye ukushiyeka okuqeda le nyoni:
- Bheka amaqanda kuqala. Kufanele kube ngombala olawulwa luhlaza okotshani kuphela. Omunye umbala ukhombisa ukungcola kohlobo.
- Abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuthi baqale ukuzalanisa i-Araucan ngezinkukhu, hhayi amaqanda.
- Umuntu oyindilinga oyimbumbulu, ikama liwele iqhude - konke lokhu kufanele futhi kukwazise, kukhona okungahambi kahle ngabo.
- Ukubukeka kufanele kuhambisane namazinga. Izimpawu ezifana nentshebe ekhonjiwe, ukungabi bikho kokushiswa ohlangothini, noma izigaxa zezimpaphe ohlangothini olulodwa, umsila othuthukile - konke lokhu kukhombisa "ukungcola" kohlobo.
- Izinkukhu zalolu hlobo zizolile, ziqinile futhi ziqinile. Aziphikisani futhi zivumelana ngokushesha nezimo zabanye abantu. Kepha iqhude araucan Ikhohlisa kakhulu. Akawabekezeleli amanye amaqhude aseduze kwakhe. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ekuqaleni yayizalwa njengohlobo lokulwa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwethula izinkukhu ezinjalo, tshala enye iqhude isikhashana. Noma ubanikeze indawo ebiyelwe ehlukile.
- Ukuthenga lolu hlobo, kungcono ukuxhumana nomthengisi othenjiwe.
- Qiniseka ukuthi uhlukanisa onobuhle abasha abasanda kuthola ukuze bangaguli ngenxa yegciwane elibanjwe ngengozi.
- Hlola ukuthenga kwakho ngezikhathi ezithile kuma-parasites. Kungcono ukusivikela lesi sifo kunokulwa naso kamuva.
Igceke lokuhamba kumele lihlukaniswe ngokuphephile nezinye izilwane nezinyoni. Ukusuka ngenhla, ungamboza ngenetha noma wenze i-canopy. Uzophinde akhosele elangeni, uma kunesidingo. Kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi wenze iqanda ngokususelwa kubukhulu bezinkukhu. Ngayinye idinga okungenani u-30-35 cm.
Akufanele kube nezinkukhu ezingaphezu kuka-5-6 esidlekeni, lesi yisamba esikahle kunazo zonke kubo. Ukudla kwabo kwenziwa kucatshangelwa isifunda sendawo. Kuye ngesizini, ifolishi eluhlaza, ingadi nemfucumfucu yemifino, utshani obuluhlaza, ufulawa wepayini kanye nezithasiselo zamavithamini.
Banikezwa okusanhlamvu okuphelele, ufulawa wamavithamini, izithasiselo zamaminerali namagobolondo amancane ahlukahlukene namatshe amatshe, ikakhulukazi ukugaya ukudla nokwakha amagobolondo. Kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa ushoki nomlotha wokhuni ukondla umcako.
Ukudla okwenziwe ekhaya nakho kuyamukeleka. Amazambane abilisiwe futhi achotshoziwe, ithanga, nemifino yezimpande eqoshiwe kungangezwa njengama-carbohydrate kanye nefayibha. Kubalulekile ukuthi izinkukhu zibe nokudla okunomsoco onamaprotheni anele. Ngamanani aphansi, ungangeza ikhekhe lomhlabathi, ubhontshisi, izikelemu zomhlaba nezinhlanzi ezibilisiwe ekudleni kwabo.
Udinga ukubondla okungenani kathathu ngosuku uma ufuna ukuthi zigijime kahle. Fafaza okusanhlamvu ekuseni nakusihlwa, bese umanzise ingxube emini. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo azidli ngokweqile, lokhu kungathinta ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
Khumbula ukuthi uma unikeza izinkukhu indawo eyanele yokuhamba, zizozinikeza ngezinto eziningi ezidingekayo - izinambuzane, iminenke, ama-slugs, izibungu. Bangama-foragers amahle kakhulu. Kungcono ukulungisa ukugqoka amaminerali ku-feeder ehlukile.
Futhi okuncane ngokuvimbela:
- Zama ukungavumeli izinyoni zasendle ezifuywayo zakho, zingaba abathwali bezifo ezahlukahlukene nezinambuzane.
- Yenza ukwelashwa kwe-anthelmintic kabili ngonyaka.
- Shintsha udoti njalo ube omusha.
- Geza iziphakeli nabaphuzayo kanye ngosuku, ngezikhathi ezithile bulala amagciwane ezinkukhuni nasemathangini okugeza.
- Ungavumeli abantu ongabazi abagqoke izingubo nezicathulo esibayeni sezinkukhu. Bangaphinde bathelele.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Njengoba sekushiwo, izinkukhu zase-Araucanian zilahlekelwe ngokuphelele umzwelo wazo wokuchamisela. Ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizweni, wena ngokwakho uzoba omunye wabahlanganyeli abakhulu. Ukuze uqinisekise ukukhwelana okuthelayo, udinga ukusika izimpaphe zenkukhu ngaphakathi kwendawo engaba ngu-4-6 cm ezungeze isitho sangasese.
Lokhu kwenziwa ngesikele esijwayelekile, izikhukhukazi ziyaguquguquka futhi zithembele, inqubo ibekezelelwa kalula. Uma ungacabangi ngalokhu kwelashwa, wonke amaqanda azohlala engavundisiwe. Ukuze kube lula ukukhwelana, abanye basika indawo esondelene neqhude. Kodwa akulula. Isiqhwaga singakuluma kalula.
Lapho iqanda selibekiwe, ungena futhi. Inkukhu ngeke ihlale emaqandeni, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyibeka ku-incubator. Iqanda elichamuselayo kufanele likhethwe ngokucophelela okukhulu, ngokukhulu ukucophelela. Khumbula ukuthi umbala wamaqanda uyashintsha kaningi phakathi nenkathi. Ekuqaleni kugcwele kakhulu, bese kuyaphela.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi ebandayo, kuyakhanya futhi. Ungavumeli lokho kukwethuse. Uma uhlangabezana neqanda lombala ojwayelekile, kepha lincane ngosayizi, cishe u-43-50 g, yilona u-Araucana omncane ozamile. Izinkukhu ze-Araucan kuze kufike eminyakeni ethile ayihlukile kwezinye izinkukhu.
Ukuziphatha kwabo, ukubukeka kanye nokunambitheka kwabo kufana ncamashi nezinhlobo ezincane ezinezimpaphe "ezingezona ezobuhlanga". Ngisho nobulili abunakunqunywa kuze kufike iphuzu elithile. Ngaphandle kokuthi, aqinile kancane kunabanye abantu.
Amandla okuphila kwalezi zinkukhu yiminyaka emi-3-5. Bangaphila nomnikazi omuhle iminyaka eyi-6. Ukuze bakuthokozise ngezimfanelo zabo ezimangazayo isikhathi eside, udinga ukubanikeza ukunakekelwa ngonembeza. Uma kuqhathaniswa, izendlalelo ezijwayelekile zingaphila isikhathi eside, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi zinomzwelo womama. Kube khona amacala okusinda ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyishumi.
Intengo
Okokuqala, khetha umfuyi onolayini ohlanzekile ozothenga. Ngisho nasemadolobheni amakhulu, lokhu akulula. Ngoba bangashelela igceke elijwayelekile noma inkukhu "yePhasika". Zisabhekwa njengezinzalo eziphelelwe yisikhathi zezinhlobo ezaziwayo nezaziwayo.
Intengo yohlobo lwe-Araucana yehlukile, kuya ngeminyaka. Amachwane wansuku zonke abiza cishe ama-ruble angama-250-350, akhule afinyelela ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3 - ama-ruble angama-500. Unyaka owodwa pullet - kusuka ruble 1,500. Uma uhlele ukuthatha umndeni, iqhude nenkukhu, uzokuthola ngama-ruble angama-2500. Izintengo zivumelekile ngoJuni 2019.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga, funda izibuyekezo mayelana nomfuyi, bese ubheka amadokhumenti. Futhi ungathengi wedwa, vele ucele iseluleko kothile. Okuncono nomuntu osenazo lezi zinkukhu ezimangalisayo. Noma nomuntu oweluleke mathupha ukuthi uzithenge.
