Omul

Omul - inhlanzi yohlobo lwe-salmon lohlobo lwe-whitefish inegama ngesiLatin - Coregonus autumnalis. I-Baikal omul eyigugu iyinhlobo ehlukile: I-Coregonus migratorius, okungukuthi, "i-whitefish efudukayo", yachazwa okokuqala ngokwesayensi ngo-1775 ngu-IG Georgi.

Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo

Isithombe: Omul

Uhlobo lwe-arctic luhlala ngasogwini loLwandle lwaseNyakatho. Le nhlanzi iyinhlanzi eyi-anadromous futhi iphakama ukuze izalele emifuleni esenyakatho e-Alaska, Canada naseRussia. Phambilini, izinhlanzi zeBaikal zazibhekwa njengezinsizakalo ze-Arctic futhi zabizwa ngeCoregonus autumnalis migratorius. Ngemuva kokwenza izifundo zofuzo, kwavela ukuthi iBaikal omul iseduze nenhlanzi emhlophe ejwayelekile noma i-herring whitefish, futhi yahlukaniswa njengenhlobo ehlukile.

Ngokuhlobene nalezi zifundo, imfundiso-mbono emayelana nokungena kwe-Arctic omul evela emifuleni ye-Arctic Ocean phakathi nenkathi yezinhlanga ezahlukene, cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili edlule, ayihambisani kangako. Cishe, iBaikal omul yavela ezinhlotsheni zokhokho ezazitholakala e-Oligocene naseMiocene emachibini anamanzi afudumele nasemifuleni.

Ividiyo: Omul

ICoregonus autumnalis noma i-Ice Tomsk omul eRussia itholakala enyakatho yomfula. IMezen iye eChaunsky Bay, ngaphandle koMfula i-Ob, itholakala e-Ob Bay nasemifuleni engomakhelwane, kukhona ePenzhin.

Izitoko zezinhlanzi zingahlukaniswa ngokuzalela izinhlanzi zibe:

• Pechora;
• Yenisei;
• UKhatanga;
• ULena;
• indigir;
• UKolyma.

Ogwini lweqhwa eNyakatho. EMelika, kusuka eCape Barrow kanye noMfula iColville kuya eCornichen Bay, uC. Laurettae Bean, C. I-Alascanus iyatholakala, ehlanganiswe njenge-C. autumnalis complex. I-omul iyinhlobo yezinhlanzi ezihlala ngasogwini lwase-Ireland - uCoregonus pollan Thompson.

Ubunzima obuvela echibini elijule kakhulu emhlabeni bunama-eco-form amaningi angahlukaniswa abe:

• asogwini;
• ipelagic;
• amanzi aphansi phansi.

I-Baikal omul nayo ingahlukaniswa ibe yimihlambi eminingana ngokusho kwendawo yokuzalela:

• chivyrkuyskoe (amanzi ajulile phansi);
• USelenga (pelargic);
• amanxusa (amanzi ajulile phansi);
• i-severobaikalskoe (ugu).

Phambilini, izinhlobo ezigudle ugu lwaseBarguzin nazo zazigqamile, kepha ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezingodo ezibhebhethwe ngasemfuleni iBarguzin, lacishe laqothulwa, yize lesi sibalo sasiningi. Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, unikeze abalingisi abayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 zokubamba.

Umhlambi wamanxusa manje usukhiqizwa ngokuqanjwa emaqandeni afukanyisiwe. Ama-subspecies akhula ngokwemvelo eLake Baikal angaxoxwa endabeni yeSeverobaikalsk, Chivyrkuisk naseSelenga omul. Bonke abantu manje basesimweni sokucindezeleka.

EMongolia, iBaikal omul yaqala ukwenziwa ngo-1956 eChibini iKhubuzgul, lapho ihlala khona manje futhi iphakamisa imifula ukuze izale. Kwezinye izindawo lapho bekukhona imizamo yokuzalanisa le nhlanzi, akukho bantu abazizalisayo.

Ukubukeka nezici

Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-omul

Ku-omul, njengakwezinye izakhamuzi zezingqimba zamanzi eziphakathi, umlomo usekugcineni kwekhanda, ubheke ngqo, okungukuthi, i-terminal, imihlathi iyalingana ngobude kanti engezansi ayidluli engenhla, ikhanda lincane.

Umugqa ophakathi womzimba ugijima ngamehlo amakhulu kakhulu. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-Arctic neBaikal omul:

• i-branchial stamens kusuka ezingcezwini ezingama-34 kuye kwezingu-55;
• ama-vertebrae ama-60-66 ama-PC;
• inani lesikali kulayini odlula eceleni kohlangothi lwama-800-100;
• izakhi zezitho zamathumbu ze-pyloric (blind) 133-217 izingcezu;
• ngombala, i-omul ingaba nombala onsundu noma oluhlaza ngaphezulu, kanti izinhlangothi nesisu kuyisiliva. Kunezindawo ezimnyama ekugcineni kwesifuba nasekhanda le-Baikal omul.

Usayizi wesilinganiso somuntu omdala ngu-25-45 cm, ubude bungafinyelela kuma-63 cm, kanti isisindo singu-1-3 kg. Izakhamizi zase-Arctic ezinamafutha omzimba amahle zihlala ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyi-10, iminyaka yobudala eyaziwayo yiminyaka eyi-16. Emfuleni U-Lena omul angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20.

Izinhlobo zeBaikal zinobukhulu obumaphakathi obungu-36-38 cm, zingafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-55-60. Ngosayizi omncane, isisindo sisuka ku-250 kuye ku-1.5 kg, kwesinye isikhathi sibe ngu-2 kg. Izinhlanzi ezihlala enyakatho echibini zincane kunabameleli baseningizimu. Umzimba wayo uvulekile, unesimo esimise okwe-cigar, esimisela ukunyakaza emanzini ngejubane elihle.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Kuyaziwa ukuthi phambilini kweBaikal kwabanjwa abantu abano-7-10 kg, kepha ukuthembeka kwalawa maqiniso akukatholakali. Isifanekiso esikhulukazi esirekhodiwe esivela kubantu bakwaSelenga sasinesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-5500 g, nobude obungu-500 mm.

Inhlanzi yeBaikal:

• i-pelargic enomkhawulo omncane we-caudal, kukhona imiphongolo eminingi, i-44-55 yayo;
• izinhlanzi zasogwini zinekhanda elide nomzimba omude; ama-gill stamens ahlala kancane futhi kunezimbalwa zawo - ama-40-48 PC. Zihlukaniswa njenge-stamen ephakathi;
• eduze-phansi-ekujuleni-kwamanzi - abantu abancane. I-stamens yazo yinde futhi inzima, cishe ama-36-44 PC. Ikhanda lihlangene emzimbeni ophakeme onomphetho ophakeme we-caudal.

Uhlala kuphi u-omul?

Isithombe: Omul eRussia

Izinhlobo ezinama-semi-anadromous arctic zivela emifuleni zombili ziye emabhayi futhi zisebenzisa yonke indawo engasogwini lolwandle olusenyakatho ukondla. Yisakhamuzi esisenyakatho kunazo zonke izinhlanzi ezimhlophe, futhi sihlala emanzini acishe abe ngu-22% kasawoti, futhi singatholakala emanzini anosawoti amaningi. Ehlobo, itholakala oLwandle lwaseKara nangasogwini lweziqhingi zaseNovosibirsk.

Izinhlobo zeBaikal ezihlala khona zitholakala echibini nasemifuleni egelezela kulo. Ehlobo, lihlala phakathi noma ngaphezulu. Ehlobo, inxusa kanye ne-chivyrkuisky lishona ekujuleni okungafika kuma-350 m, ebusika kuze kufike ku-500 m. Ebusika, i-Selenginsky ne-Severobaikalsky azijuli ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-300.

Ku-p. UBolshaya Kultuchnaya, r. U-Abramikha, r. UBolshaya Rechka, ogelezela e-Ambassadorial Sor, uzala izinhlobo zeNxusa. Ngemuva kokuzala, izinhlanzi zibuyela echibini. I-Selenga omul, i-pelargic multi-rake, inyuka ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa inyuka iSelenga bese ingena emithanjeni yayo iChikoy ne-Orkhon. U-omul osogwini ophakathi nendawo ogwini uya kozala emifuleni yobude obumaphakathi: e-Upper Angara, eKichera, eBarguzin.

I-multi-rake deep-water omul iphakama ngokuzala emifuleni emincane futhi inendlela yokuzalela - efika kumakhilomitha ayisihlanu, emfuleni iSmall Chivyrkuy naseBezymyanka, kuze kufike kumakhilomitha angama-30 emfuleni iBolshoy Chivyrkuy naseBolshaya Rechka.

Manje uyazi lapho i-omul itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi le nhlanzi idlani.

Udla ini u-omul?

Isithombe: Fish omul

Imenyu eyinhloko yabakhileyo e-Ice Tomsk Sea iqukethe ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezithosiwe, lawa ama-amphipods, i-mysids, i-whitefish gazinga, i-polar cod, i-smelt. Abantu basolwandle banamafutha kakhulu, bagcwala yonke ingaphakathi lezinhlanzi.

Abantu be-Pelargic Baikal ngamamitha ayi-300-450 ukujula bazitholela ukudla okunothile, okubandakanya i-zooplankton, izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nezinsizwa. Ingxenye yemenyu yi-benthos, okungukuthi, izinto ezahlukahlukene eziphila ebusweni benhlabathi engaphansi kwamanzi nasezingxenyeni zayo ezingaphezulu. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla yi-Baikal Epishura. I-Plankton, eyakhiwe ngala ma-copepod amancane, abonisa cishe i-90% ye-biomass echibini

Omul omdala ukhetha omunye umuntu ohlala endle emanzini aseBaikal - i-Branitsky macrohectopus. Abantu bendawo babiza lo mmeleli weGammarids Yur. Yiyo kuphela i-amphipod crustacean eyaziwa emanzini angenasawoti i-pelargia.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukukhulisa i-omul yentsha enesisindo esingu-1 kg, udinga ama-10 kg we-Epishura copepods. Inani elifanayo liyadingeka ukukhulisa i-1 kg ye-macrohectopus, enikezwa umuntu omdala omul.

Uma ukugxila kwe-epishura emanzini kungaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezingama-30 ku-1 m3, i-omul ishintshela ngokuphelele ekudleni ama-amphipods, futhi gazinga liyaqhubeka nokudla kuwo. Kunendawo eyodwa eyengeziwe yeBaikal - golomyanka. Ama-juveniles ale nhlanzi eguquguqukayo, aqukethe amafutha, aya ukugcwalisa ukudla kwe-omul ngokuntuleka kwama-copepods. Sekukonke, imenyu yeBaikal omul ifaka izinhlobo ezingama-45 zezinhlanzi nezingenamgogodla.

Ngokuya ngesizini, indlela yokudla ingahluka:

• ehlobo - i-epischura, izinhlanzi ezisencane (gobies, Arctic cod, slingshot);
• ekwindla - i-golomyanka, i-goby ephuzi enamaphiko, ama-amphipods;
• ebusika - amphipods, golomyanka;
• entwasahlobo - ama-amphipods, ama-gobies amancane;
• Ezinganeni ze-yellowfly goby, olunye uhlobo lwendawo, i-omul iphila ngezinyanga eziyi-9 zonyaka.

I-goby uqobo izala kathathu ngonyaka: ngoMashi, ngoMeyi nango-Agasti, futhi ihlala kulo lonke iLake Baikal, enikeza i-omul ngesisekelo sefolishi esinokwethenjelwa.

Imenyu ye-omul yamafomu asogwini, ahlala ehlobo nasekwindla emanzini angajulile, aqukethe:

• i-macrohectopus 33%;
• ama-pelagic gobies angama-27%;
• i-zooplankton 23%;
• ezinye izinto 17%.

Kubantu abaseduze-phansi-ekujuleni kwamanzi abahlala ekujuleni kwama-350 m, ukwakheka kokudla kubonakala nge:

• i-macrohectopus 52%;
• izinhlanzi ezincane ezingama-25%;
• ama-gammarid aphansi ayi-13%;
• zooplankton 9%.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Baikal omul

U-Omul uphila isikhathi eside futhi unikeza inzalo yakhe amahlandla amaningi, kepha abamele uLwandle i-Ice Tomsk bavame ukuphuthelwa ukuzala futhi bangazala inzalo izikhathi ezi-2-3 kuphela. Isibalo esikhulu sabantu seBaikal omul engxenyeni eseningizimu yeBaikal esakwaSelenga, njengoba sikhuphuka sizala kulo mfula neminye imifula eyakhelene naleli chibi. Ngemuva kokondla ehlobo, kusuka emaceleni amanzi angajulile aseSelenginskoe kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba ukukhuphuka kokuzala, ekushiseni kwamanzi okungu-9-14 °. Umhlambi ungafinyelela emakhanda ayizigidi eziyi-1.5 - 7, kanti inani lamaqanda abekiwe izingcezu ezingama-25-30 billion.

Ebusika, i-omul ingena ekujuleni, ngokuya ngohlobo lwenhlanzi, oLwandle iMaloye, i-Upper Angarskoye, Selenginskoye lamanzi angajulile, amachweba e-Chevyrkuisky naseBarguzinsky (kufika ku-300 m), i-ambassadorial omul emanzini angajulile aseSeleniins (200-350 m).

Ngentwasahlobo izinhlanzi ziya ogwini. Uhamba unyaka wonke eyofuna ukudla. Lapho amanzi asogwini efudumala futhi ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-18 °, inani le-epishura liyancipha, i-omul ingena echibini elivulekile, lapho umbuso wezinga lokushisa ungakhuphi ngaphezu kwe-15 °. Ngalesi sikhathi, kulapha lapho ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi nokukhula kwezinhlobo ze-pelargic kwenzeka.

I-North Baikal omul ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngonyaka wesine, iSelenginsky, iBarguzinsky, i-Chivyrkuisky - kowesihlanu, nakwamanxusa - kowesikhombisa. Kule minyaka, abantu bahlangana nesikole esidala. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, inhlanzi ayidli, futhi ngemuva kokuthi iqale ukondla ngokuqinile (abadobi bakubiza ngokuthi yi-zhor), ikhuluphele amanoni.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: U-Omul anganikeza inzalo yakhe kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15, kepha, njengoba elahlekelwe yileli khono, uyaqhubeka nokunamathela emhlambini ozalanayo.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Arctic omul

I-Omul izala minyaka yonke ngokuqala kokuvuthwa ngokocansi. Izinhlanzi ezizalela ekwindla zidlula umfula imifula (ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zamanzi ajulile) kuze kufike enkulungwaneni yamakhilomitha, zidlula amanzi angajulile nolwandle.

Ukuzalela kwenzeka ezindaweni ezigeleza ngokushesha (zisheshise zifike ku-1.4 m / s), kepha hhayi kumongo wamanje, lapho kunetshe eliyigugu noma phansi. Inqubo yokuzala yenzeka ebumnyameni. Amaqanda, 2mm ngosayizi, anombala osawolintshi. Inani lamaqanda kwabesifazane abancane liyizingcezu eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-5-15, kubantu abadala - izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20-30. I-roe engezansi ifakwe enhlabathini. Ukukhula kwemibungu ezingeni lokushisa elingu-0-2 ° kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-200.

I-ambassadorial omul ingena emifuleni kabili. Ijoyinti lokuqala lingoSeptemba ezingeni lokushisa elingu-10-13 ° nango-Okthoba ku-3-4 °. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, izibungu zichanyuselwa ngo-10-12 mm ngosayizi bese zinesisindo esingu-6 mg. Ukushisa kwamanzi ngalesi sikhathi kusuka ku-0 ° kuya ku-6 °. Ngemuva kokufudumala kuze kufike ku-11 ° nangaphezulu ngasogwini lweChibi iBaikal, izibungu zizalwa kabusha zibe gazinga bese zisakazeka phezu kwechibi.

Amafry athwalwa ngamanzi emifula ayongena e-Ambassador Sor. Cishe isikhathi esingangenyanga, badla iplankton, badonsa kuze kufike ku-5 mm. Imenyu iqukethe amaqembu ayi-15 ezinhlobo ezingama-invertebrate ezingama-55. Esigabeni sokugcina sentuthuko, gazinga lingama-31 -35.5 mm ubude. Ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila, ama-omul avuthwa, afinyelela kubude obungu-27 cm nesisindo esingu-0.5 kg.

Ngo-Okthoba-Disemba, ngaphambi kokubanda, iNyakatho yeBaikal kanye nabantu baseSelenga bayazala. ICaviar ibekwa kungakapheli inyanga ezingeni lokushisa lamanzi elingu-0 - 4 °. Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa ekuqaleni kwe-embryogenesis, ukukhula kuyashesha futhi inqubo ingaba izinsuku ezingama-180.

Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi eziqala ukuzala okokuqala buhlukile ngabantu:

• Selenginskaya - 33-35 cm 32.9-34.9 cm, 350-390 g;
• chivyrkuiskaya - 32-33 cm, 395 g;
• Severobaikalskaya - 28 cm, 265 -285 g;
• amanxusa - 34.5 - 35 cm, 560 - 470

Isibalo samasheya asezingeni lokuzalela nakho sincike onyakeni nakubantu, ngamakhanda ayizigidi ezingama-7.5 - 12 kuphela, kufaka phakathi amakhanda afinyelela ku-1.2 million eceleni kweVerkhnyaya Angara naseKichera, kanye namakhanda afinyelela ezigidini ezintathu eSelenga. I-Selenginsky omul ibeka inani elikhulu kakhulu le-caviar - kuze kufike ezigidini ezingama-30, iSeverobaikalsky - kuze kufike ezigidigidini eziyi-13, inxusa - kuze kufike ku-1.5 billion, i-Chivyrkuisky - kuze kufike ku-1.5 billion. Amaqanda aphila ngo-5-10% ngaphambi kokuba izibungu zivele. Ngemuva kokuphela kokukhula kombungu, kuze kufike ku-30% wezibungu ezibuyela echibini.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kumaqanda ayikhulu atholwe ngesikhathi sokufukamela okufakelwayo e-Posolsky fish hatchery, inhlanzi eyodwa kuphela efinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, kumaqanda ayi-10 000 abekwe emifuleni ehlanzekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, amaqanda ayisithupha asinda ekuvuthweni.

Izitha zemvelo zika-omul

Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-omul

Esinye sezitha zika-omul singabhekwa njengophawu lweBaikal, yize imenyu yalo eyinhloko iyi-golomyanka, akanankinga ngokudla i-omul. Abadobi bona kwiBaikal pinniped, yize uphawu luthanda i-omul, kunzima ukuyibamba emanzini acwebile. Ngakho-ke, uphawu luthanda ukugibela emanetheni, lapho sekuvele kunezinhlanzi eziningi khona.

Esinye isitha ngama-Baikal cormorants. Lezi zinyoni zidla izinhlanzi. Manje, ngenxa yezenzo zokongiwa kwemvelo, inani lalezi zinyoni lenyukile, kepha noma kunjalo azikwazi ukubathinta kakhulu abantu bezinhlanzi. Bangakwazi ukubamba i-omul namabhere, yize evimba izindawo ezincane, ukuqhekeka kwezintaba, lapho izinyawo zebhulukwe zivame ukudoba khona, kepha uma kunesikole esikhulu, khona-ke okuthile kuwela ezinyaweni zebhere. I-omul izingelwa ngempumelelo i-otter.

Ingozi ekukhiqizweni kabusha kwe-omul yethulwe yiphrojekthi yezindawo zokuhlala zokukhiqiza zokukhiqiza. Okokuqala, le nhlanzi, njenge-omul, idla ngeplankton, okusho ukuthi izoncintisana nokutholakala kokudla. Okwesibili, lapho kubanjwa i-peled, kuzothathwa ne-omul, okuzoholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sabantu.

Isitha esiyinhloko se-omul ngumuntu nemisebenzi yakhe. Le nhlanzi ibilokhu iyinto yokudoba, kepha ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s yekhulu elidlule, kwaqashelwa ukuthi inani lezinhlanzi eziyigugu lehle kakhulu, ngo-1969 kwaqala ukuvinjelwa kokudoba kwayo. Ukuvinjelwa kwaqedwa eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1, 2017, kuphinde kwavinjelwa ukuzingela i-omul, ngoba i-biomass yayo yehle kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule futhi cishe ingamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20.

Ezingxenyeni zaseChivyrkuisky naseBarguzinsky kunezikhathi ezimbili zokudoba, lapho i-omul ingena emanzini angajulile: isikhathi sokuqala kokuncibilika kweqhwa nangaphambi kweminyaka eyishumi yokuqala kaJulayi, eyesibili, lapho i-omul ibanjwa ekujuleni okukhulu (kuze kufike kumamitha angama-200) ngamanetha, ngemuva kokubanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kudlangile ikakhulukazi. Kuze kube yiminyaka yama-90s yekhulu elidlule, amanetha ajulile ayengasetshenziswanga, kubanjwa i-omul kusuka ekujuleni okujulile naphakathi, nezinhlanzi zaphindela emigodini ebusika ngevolumu enkulu.

Isikhathi eside ukhuni lwe-rafting lubangele ukulimala kwe-omul nayo yonke imvelo yeLake Baikal. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokungcola kwemvelo nakho kube nomthelela omubi kubantu be-omul. Kusukela ngo-1966, umshini wokugaya uginindela nowamaphepha ubusebenza osebeni lweLake Baikal, olwavalwa ngo-2013 kuphela. Isitshalo esifanayo sisebenza kwaSelenga.

Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo

Isithombe: Omul

Abantu be-omul eChibini iBaikal bebesesimweni sokucindezeleka eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule. Izinkomba zebhayoloji ezihambisana nokukhula, okuqukethwe okunamafutha, ukukhuluphala, ukuzala ziyancipha. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokwehla kwezindawo zokuzalela i-yellowfly goby, ongomunye wemithombo eyinhloko yokudla kwe-omul.

Ichthyologist uTyunin uphakamise ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-omul kuthonywa umsebenzi welanga, izinguquko zomjikelezo wesimo sezulu, umbuso wokushisa wamanzi echibi. Lo mjikelezo wokwehla kwamandla emali unesikhathi seminyaka engama-40-50. Ukwehla komnotho kokugcina kwakuse-70s yekhulu elidlule, inkathi elandelayo iwela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-20 yaleli khulu leminyaka.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukubanjwa okukhulu kunakho konke kwenziwa eminyakeni yama-40s yekhulu elidlule. Ngemuva kwalokho babamba amathani afinyelela ku-60,000 - 80,000 ngonyaka.

Izinga lokuzala linciphile lisuka ezigidini eziyisihlanu kuya kweziyizigidi ezintathu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwenziwa lula ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha kanye nokwakhiwa kwezisekelo ogwini lwechibi, okwadala ukwehla kwenani lama-gobies futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-omul. Ukwandisa inani labantu, kusetshenziswa izinyathelo hhayi kuphela zokunqanda ukudoba nokulwa nokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Ukuvinjelwa kokubanjwa kwe-omul kuzoqhubeka kuze kube ngu-2021. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ukuqapha kuzokwenzeka, futhi kuya ngemiphumela yako, kuzothathwa isinqumo sokuqhubeka noma ukuhoxa.

Manje i-omul iphinde ikhiqizwe ngokungeyena. Abakhiqizi abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-500 bayabandakanyeka kulokhu, nezinyunithi eziyizigidi ezingama-770. izibungu. Ngo-2019, izibungu ezingama-410 ze-omul zakhishwa ezitshalweni zeBolsherechensky, Selenginsky, Barguzinsky, okuyizikhathi eziphindwe kane kunango-2018 nezikhathi eziyi-8 kunaseminyakeni emibili edlule. Ukuze kulondolozwe abantu, kusetshenziswa indlela esezingeni eliphakeme yokuqoqa i-caviar, evumela ukuthi izinhlanzi zibuyele ziphila endaweni yazo yemvelo. Ngo-2019, kwahlelwa ukuthi kwandiswe izinga lokudotshwa kwe-omul ngama-30% ukuze kudedelwe izibungu ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-650 ngonyaka ozayo.

Ukwandisa izinhlanzi, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ukuhlanzeka kwemifula edala, ukuyisusa ezinkuni zokukhukhuleka. Ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo zokugcina izinhlanzi kuzokwandisa inani lezibungu ezikhishwayo, futhi kuyadingeka futhi ukuqala ukukhulisa gazinga lapho kuze kube yilapho sezisebenza. Ukuncishiswa kokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukunakekelwa kombuso we-hydrological eLake Baikal nemingenela yayo, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba okunengqondo ngaphandle kokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kuzogcina imvelo futhi kuthinte ukwanda kwesitoko sezinhlanzi omul.

Usuku lokushicilelwa: Okthoba 27, 2019

Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 01.09.2019 ngo-21: 14