Podaliry - uvemvane lomndeni osolwandle. Yaqanjwa ngegama lodokotela wasendulo ongumGreki uPodaliry. Ukubukeka kungokoqobo futhi akukhunjulwa. Ngokuvamile kutholakala eYurophu efudumele, e-Asia, eTurkey nase-Afrika. Okwamanje, kwamanye amazwe, uvemvane lubhalwe kuRed Book. Inani lalo liyancipha ngenxa yokwehla kwesitshalo nesisekelo sefolishi.
Incazelo nezici
I-Podalirium ingeyama-arthropods - yisinambuzane esithuthuke kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa neziningi ezingenamgogodla. Lathola igama lalo ezithweni zalo. Isici esilandelayo esihlukanisayo salesi sidalwa ngamathambo.
Yakhiwa ngamapuleti e-polysaccharide aqinile noma i-quinine. Uvemvane lunohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwemisipha olunamathele entegument ngaphakathi. Konke ukunyakaza komzimba nezitho zangaphakathi kuhlotshaniswa nakho.
Isakhiwo sevemvane sePodalirii:
- Isisu eside nesincane.
- Ikhanda lincane.
- Kwehliswe isiphongo.
- Amehlo makhulu, ahlangane. I-Podalirius ihlukanisa kahle izinto ezihambayo. Ubona kahle eduze, kepha futhi uhlukanisa kahle ama-silhouette akude. Ukuqashelwa kombala kwenzeka kusuka kumamitha ayi-3-4. Abakwazi ukubona izithunzi ezibomvu, kepha bayakwazi ukubona ingxenye ye-ultraviolet ye-spectrum, umuntu angayiboni. Yonke imidwebo yovemvane ibonakala icacile.
- Izimpondo ezime njengeklabhu. Ngenye indlela abizwa ngokuthi "izimpondo". Kutholakala engxenyeni yeparietal yekhanda. Lesi isitho sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Kubalulekile ukuthola iphunga nokulinganisela endizeni.
- Isifuba esine-fluff.
- I-Proboscis. Izinsimbi zomlomo ezinesimo esihlanganisiwe sohlobo olusondelayo, olwenzelwe ukubamba umpe. Kwakhiwa kusukela emhlathini ongezansi nakudebe.
- Imilenze yangaphambili, yangemuva naphakathi. Zidingeka ngokuyinhloko kuphela ukuthola indawo endaweni eyodwa, bese kuphela lapho kuhamba khona ukunyakaza.
- Amaphiko amabili (ngaphambili - ongunxantathu, angemuva - okusaqanda). Abafenda banomsebenzi wokuzihlanza. Zintekenteke futhi zintekenteke. Izinhlayiya ezincane zomswakama nokungcola kwenza kube nzima futhi kube nzima ukundiza. Ebusweni bamaphiko kunezikali ezigqagqene ezinemifantu. Umswakama nokungcola kwehlela phansi kubo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Zonke izimvemvane zasePodalirian zinesitho sikaJones. Isebenza njengomhlaziyi wemisindo yokudlidlizela nokuqhaqhazela. Ngalokhu, izitho zovemvane ziyaxhumana.
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi somzimba wakhe:
- izitho zokukhipha;
- amathumbu;
- imbuzi;
- inhliziyo;
- izitho zangasese;
- i-node yezinzwa;
- ubuchopho.
Izimvemvane ezinjalo zinohlelo lwezinzwa oluthuthuke ngokuphelele kanye nezitho zemizwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, bayazi kahle imvelo futhi basabela ngokushesha engozini. Uhlelo lwezinzwa lunezingxenye ezimbili:
- indandatho ye-periopharyngeal;
- intambo yezinzwa zesisu.
Ekhanda levemvane, kwakheka ubuchopho ngokuhlangana kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa. Ubhekene nakho konke ukunyakaza. Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi luhlobo oluvulekile. Ugeza zonke izicubu nezitho zangaphakathi. Akabandakanyeki ekuphefumuleni. Ukwenza lokhu, i-trachea ihlanganiswa ngomzimba wovemvane, lapho kungena khona umoya.
Umbala
Uvemvane lunokhilimu noma umbala okhanyayo ophuzi womzimba. Emaphikweni kunemidwebo esesimweni semivimbo emnyama emise okwehlukaniso ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Kukhona umngcele omnyama onqenqemeni. Ezimpikweni zangemuva kunezindawo eziqoshiwe zombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Lapha, umuntu ngamunye unephuzu ngesimo seso ngohlaka olubomvu. Umbala wangaphakathi wezimpiko uyefana nangaphandle. Umbala wabantu ungahluka kuye ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Abantu abazalwa entwasahlobo banomugqa ophuzi onqenqemeni lwamaphiko abo. Izinambuzane zasehlobo azinazo.
Izinhlobo
I-Podalirius - uvemvane, enezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezitholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba:
| Izinhlobo ezingaphansi | Izici zayo |
| Iphiclidens podalirius inalpina | Uhlala e-Alps. Izici: amaphiko afushane ngomsila, imivimbo emnyama emise okomgexo. |
| Iphiclidens podalirius eisthamelii | Uhlala eSpain nasePortugal. Izici: ama-fenders angaphambili ahlotshiswe ngemivimbo engu-7 mpo. Ngaphansi kwamaphiko kuphuzi. |
| ab. I-Undecimpineatus | Izici: Amafenda angaphambili ahlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama eyisi-6. |
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
UPodalirius uhlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zeplanethi. Ingatholakala:
- eNyakatho Afrika;
- e-Near and Middle East;
- eYurophu;
- eScandinavia;
- eziqhingini zaseBrithani;
- eCrimea.
Ngonyaka owodwa, ungene esikhundleni sezizukulwane ezimbili:
- eyokuqala indiza kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni;
- owesibili nguJulayi-Agasti.
Endaweni ye-Alps esenyakatho, isizukulwane esisodwa kuphela esivela sonke lesi sikhathi. Umsebenzi omkhulu wezimvemvane uvela esimweni sezulu esibalele kusuka ku-12.00 kuye ku-16.00. Izinambuzane zithanda izindawo ezifudumele zomhlaba ezinezihlahlana ezikhula enhlabathini e-calcareous. Futhi kukhona:
- kuma-glades;
- emaphethelweni ehlathi;
- emihosheni;
- emahlathini alula.
Abesilisa bathanda ukuzungeza phezu kwezintaba. Ungabona kaningi podaliry esithombeni, njengoba ethanda izingadi eziqhakazayo namapaki ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Uvemvane luyeka ukuzala ngokushesha lapho luphela amaprotheni. Uphoqeleka ukumunca ukudla okungamanzi - umpe. Ungumthombo oyinhloko wezakhamzimba. Lesi sidalwa esimangalisayo sinomthelela ekuvundisweni kwezitshalo. Impova evela kwesinye isitshalo inamathela emilenzeni nasemzimbeni bese idluliselwa kwesinye ngendiza.
Isibungu sePodaliria incamela ukusebenzisa izihlahla zezithelo:
- ama-cherries;
- ipulamu;
- umuthi we-apula;
- umlotha wasentabeni;
- phenduka;
- IPENTSHISI.
Izibungu zithanda ukubamba amaqabunga azungeze imiphetho. Ukudla kuvame ukwenzeka ekuseni nasebusuku. Ulala emini.
Ivemvane elivuthiwe lithanda izimbali:
- i-hawthorn;
- i-honeysuckle;
- i-cornflower;
- umshanelo;
- rosaceae;
- ama-curls.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukukhula kovemvane kwenzeka kulayini olandelayo wokuphila:
- iqanda;
- isibungu;
- unodoli;
- isinambuzane esivuthiwe.
Ukukhwelana nokubeka amaqanda
Lapho kuqala inkathi yokuzalanisa, abesilisa basePodalirii bayasebenza. Baqala ukufuna ozakwethu. Ngokuphathelene nabanye abantu, baba nolaka ngokweqile. Bazama ukuxosha abesilisa bakwamanye amazwe endaweni ekhethiwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, bavame ukuzama ukundizela enhlabathini emanzi noma emanzini ukuze bagcwalise ukulethwa kwezakhi zokulandela.
Ukukhwelana uqobo kungenzeka emagatsheni ezihlahla noma emhlabathini kuphela. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, owesifazane uqala ukufuna ngenkuthalo indawo eyimfihlo. Imvamisa isebenzisa amagatsha ezihlahla ezinama-rosaceous njengayo.
Uzodla kuzo futhi lapha uzobeka indlala ngemuva kweshidi. Iqanda lePodalirii liluhlaza okotshani ngombala. Ingaphezulu layo lingaba bomvu kancane. Umbala ushintsha ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuya ngezinga lokuvuthwa. Kuvela umdwebo omnyama. Ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-7-8.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokwakheka kwesibungu
Isibungu yisibungu sevemvane. Umzimba wakhe unezingxenye ezintathu:
- isisu;
- isifuba;
- ikhanda.
Ikhanda liqukethe izingxenye ezi-6 ezihlanganiswe ndawonye. Amehlo mancane, alula. Ukugedla umlomo. Ngaphambi kokuba isibungu sizalwe, iqanda elikhanyayo liphenduka libe mnyama. Isibungu esincane esinobude obungu-3 mm sidla ngokusebenzisa igobolondo sisodwa. Esigabeni sokuqala sempilo, kumnyama ngamabala amabili aluhlaza ngemuva. Umzimba umbozwe ngamabristles aqinile.
Kulesi sigaba sobudala, i-podaliry isivele inamabhangqa amathathu ama-thoracic nama-5 amabanga emilenze yesisu yamanga. Ziphela ngozipho abancane. Esikhathini sesibili, isibungu siqala ukuncibilika. Amahlamvu amnyama amnyama. Iba luhlaza. Umugqa omhlophe uvela ngemuva. Imigqa ye-oblique yakha eceleni. Esikhathini sesithathu, amachashazi e-orange avela.
Ukukhula jikelele kwesibungu kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25. Esikhathini ngasinye seminyaka, izinsuku ezingama-3-5 zabelwe. Ngemuva kokudlula kwe-molt ejwayelekile, isibungu sidla isikhumba saso esidala. Ngaphambi kokufundwa, isibungu sifinyelela kubude obungu-30-35 mm.
Isibungu se-podaliria sisebenzisa i-osmetry ukuzivikela. Yindlala ebunjwe njengezimpondo. Kutholwe ngaphambili kwesifuba. Uma isibungu sizwa ingozi, sidudula i-osmetry phambili, sikhipha iphunga elibi futhi sithuse isitha. Umbala oluhlaza ubuye usize ukuvikela isibungu. Naye, akabonakali. Izitha eziyinhloko zamacimbi yizi:
- ama-mantises okuthandaza;
- amabhungane;
- ojekamanzi;
- izicabucabu;
- ama-mantises okuthandaza;
- izintuthwane;
- iminyovu.
Izimuncagazi zingabeka amaqanda azo emzimbeni wesibungu. Lapho kuzalwa izibungu eziyingozi, ziqala ukuzidla ziphila. Izitha eziyingozi kakhulu iminyovu nezimpukane ze-tahini.
Babeka inzalo yabo kusibungu, esiqhubeka nokukhula. I-pupates, kodwa hhayi uvemvane oluvelayo, kodwa i-parasite yabantu abadala. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akekho ohlasela ama-podalirians avuthiwe.
Isiteji - i-chrysalis
Ngaphambi kokufunda, isibungu siyayeka ukudla. Ngemuva, kuvela izindawo ezinombala onsundu ngokubomvu. Umbala wesiphungumangathi uyahluka kuye ngesizini:
- ehlobo kuba luhlaza-phuzi;
- ekwindla - nsundu.
Izibungu zidlala ezindaweni ezahlukene. Abanye bakwenza emagatsheni ezihlahla. Abanye bazama ukucasha ezindaweni ezifihlekile nezingabonakali. Uma lesi sinambuzane sidinga ukweqa ngaphezulu, sizokwenza kanjalo esigabeni se-pupa. Isikhathi sokuphila sovemvane lwasePodalirian amasonto ama-2-4. Ngalesi sikhathi, iyakwazi ukukhwelana bese izalela amaqanda ukuze iqhubeke nokuzala.
Ukuvikelwa kwepodaliry
Okwamanje, uvemvane lwale nhlobo lusencwadini ebomvu yaseRussia, e-Ukraine nasePoland. Kunezizathu eziningana eziholele kulokhu:
- Ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi nezinye izihlahla okuyizindawo zezimvemvane.
- Ukwelashwa kwezingadi nezindawo zokupaka ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
- Ukushisa utshani emaphethelweni nasemigodini lapho iziphungumangathi zingahlala khona ebusika.
- Ukwehliswa komhlaba wokudla, okunikezwa umhlaba olimekayo noma wokwakha.
Zonke izindawo ezaziwayo lapho kuhlala khona iPodaliry zivikelekile. Ukuzibamba akuvunyelwe ngumthetho.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Kusukela ekuzalweni, izimvemvane zihle, zikhanya futhi ziyamangalisa. Kepha konke kwasungulwa ngokwemvelo ngesizathu:
- Ukuze zibonakale komunye nomunye, zinemibala egqamile. Abadliwayo bayazesaba lezi zimbali. Izinambuzane ezibambekayo zinganengeka noma zibe nobuthi.
- Izikali ezisemaphikweni azixosheli ukungcola kuphela. Esakhiweni sazo, kunezakhiwo ezibonakalayo lapho, lapho zihlangana nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ziveza imibala emisha engabonakali ngeso lomuntu.
- Zonke izimvemvane, kufaka phakathi i-podalirii, zingathola amapheya kude.
- Izimvemvane ze-Sailfish zinesifiso esikhulu sokuzala kabusha. Abanye besilisa balesi sinambuzane bangavundisa insikazi ngokushesha nje lapho ishiya isiphungumangathi. Kwesinye isikhathi abanaso ngisho nesikhathi sokwelula amaphiko abo ngaphambi kwalokhu.
- Amacimbi e-Butterfly abonakala e-clumsy kuphela. Zinohlelo lwemisipha oluyinkimbinkimbi oluhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-2 000. Isibungu siphefumula ngemimoya ekhethekile esezigabeni zesisu.
- Izimvemvane zivumelane nezimo zokuphila ezahlukahlukene. Bafunda ngisho nokulindela isimo sezulu. Ihora ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibi, bafuna izindawo ezicashile futhi bacashe kuzo.
- IPodalirii yesifazane inkulu kuneduna. Unombala ocishe ufane nowenkonjane.
