Inkimbinkimbi yemvelo enkulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni imvilophu yendawo. Kubandakanya i-lithosphere nomoya, i-hydrosphere ne-biosphere, esebenzisana. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusakazwa okusebenzayo kwamandla nezinto kwenzeka emvelweni. Igobolondo ngalinye - igesi, amaminerali, okuphilayo namanzi - linemithetho yalo yokuthuthuka nokuphila.
Amaphethini amakhulu emvilophu yezwe:
- ukwabiwa kwendawo;
- ubuqotho nokuxhuma kwazo zonke izingxenye zegobolondo lomhlaba;
- isigqi - ukuphindaphinda kwezinto zemvelo zansuku zonke nonyaka.
Ukuqhuma komhlaba
Ingxenye eqinile yomhlaba, equkethe amadwala, ungqimba lwenzika namaminerali, ingenye yezingxenye zegobolondo lendawo. Ukwakhiwa kufaka izinto ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye zamakhemikhali, ezisatshalaliswa ngokungalingani ebusweni bonke beplanethi. I-iron, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-aluminium, i-oxygen, i-sodium, i-potassium yakha iningi lawo wonke amadwala e-lithosphere. Akhiwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa nengcindezi, ngesikhathi sokuphindwaphindwa kwemikhiqizo yesimo sezulu nomsebenzi obalulekile wezinto eziphilayo, ebubanzini bomhlaba nalapho inhlabathi iwela emanzini. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zoqweqwe lomhlaba - olwandle nolwezwekazi, ezihlukile komunye nomunye ekubunjweni kwamatshe nasekushiseni.
Umkhathi
Umkhathi uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yemvilophu yezwe. Ithinta isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu, i-hydrosphere, umhlaba wezitshalo nezilwane. Umkhathi uhlukaniswe waba izingqimba eziningana, kanti i-troposphere ne-stratosphere ziyingxenye yemvilophu yendawo. Lezi zingqimba ziqukethe umoya-mpilo, odingekayo kumjikelezo wokuphila wemikhakha ehlukahlukene emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungqimba lomkhathi luvikela ubuso bomhlaba emisebeni yelanga ye-ultraviolet.
IHydrosphere
I-hydrosphere ingubuso bamanzi bomhlaba, obuqukethe amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, imifula, amachibi, izilwandle nolwandle. Iningi lezinsizakusebenza zamanzi zigxile olwandle, kanti okunye okusezwenikazi. I-hydrosphere ifaka nomhwamuko wamanzi namafu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-permafrost, iqhwa nesembozo seqhwa nakho kuyingxenye ye-hydrosphere.
I-Biosphere ne-Anthroposphere
I-biosphere igobolondo eliningi leplanethi, elibandakanya umhlaba wezitshalo nezilwane, i-hydrosphere, umkhathi kanye ne-lithosphere, esebenzisana. Ushintsho kwenye yezinto ze-biosphere luholela kuzinguquko ezinkulu kuyo yonke imvelo yeplanethi. I-anthroposphere, indawo lapho kuhlangana khona abantu nemvelo, nayo ingakhonjwa kugobolondo lomhlaba.
