Uvemvane ikhabishi uvemvane - isinambuzane esivamile nesibonwayo. Ukuvuka phakathi kwabokuqala entwasahlobo, ubonakala eyisidalwa esihle futhi esingenandaba. Kodwa-ke, abalimi kanye nabalimi, abavame ukujabulela ukuvuswa kwezinambuzane, loluvemvane oluhle futhi olubucayi aluthokozi.
Kuhlukaniswa ngisho njengenye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu, futhi bazama ngawo wonke amandla abo ukuyisusa. Siyini lesi sinambuzane? Kungani ingabe uvemvane leklabishi lubizwa kanjalo? Futhi walithathaphi idumela elonakaliswe kangaka?
Incazelo nezici
Le Lepidoptera ingeyomndeni omkhulu wamabhungane amhlophe, okubandakanya izinhlobo eziyi-1146, izizukulwane ezingama-91. Igama layo eligcwele lesayensi iklabishi elimhlophe (lat. Pieris brassicae). Usayizi wabantu abadala uhluka kusuka ku-2,5 kuya ku-3.3 cm Abesifazane bakhulu kancane kunabesilisa. Amaphiko wamaphiko wangaphambili asuka ku-5.1 kuye ku-6.3 cm, owokugcina kusuka ku-4.9 kuye ku-6.2 cm
Umbala oyinhloko wovemvane umhlophe noma ukhilimu. Amakhona wezimpiko angaphandle anomphetho omnyama. Abesifazane futhi banechashazi elilodwa elimnyama kuphiko ngalunye olungaphezulu. Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwamaphiko luhlaza okotshani. Ngakho-ke, isinambuzane esiphumule esihlahleni kungenzeka singanakwa.
Cishe wonke umzimba weklabishi, oqukethe ikhanda, isifuba nesisu, umbozwe izinwele ezinhle kakhulu. Lapho uvemvane luwela embali, izinhlayiya ezincane zempova zihlala kulezi zinwele. Ngakho-ke, i-whiteberry iklabishi ifaka isandla ekupholiseni izitshalo.
Isinambuzane esikhulile sondla i-proboscis. Imvamisa isontekile ibe yisigaxa. Isinambuzane siwaqondisa kuphela lapho sifuna ukuthola umpe ezimbalini. Izitho zombono wovemvane zimelwe ngamehlo ayindilinga futhi amakhulu. Ama-receptors athintekayo na-olfactory atholakala kuzeluleko zezimpondo ezinde.
Kunezinzipho ezimbili emlenzeni ngamunye kwayisithupha wovemvane. Ngosizo lwabo, ingabanjwa kumagxolo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidladla zangaphambili zithuthukiswe kahle kuklabishi ukuthi zingazisebenzisa lapho zihamba. Umkhomo omhlophe weklabishi uhamba ngokungxama nangomngcele. Lokhu kusebenza njengesivikelo ezinyonini, ngoba kunzima kakhulu kowokugcina ukubamba isinambuzane esihamba ngemishiza endizeni.
Uvemvane lisebenzisa umbala walo njengesivikelo futhi luthuse izitha ezingaba khona. Akuzona nje kuphela izinambuzane ezindala ezine "sifihle" se-aposematic, kodwa futhi nezibungu zazo neziphungumangathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yemininingwane yokudla okunomsoco, amacimbi amaklabishi akhipha iphunga elibi (elidalwa ngamafutha wesinaphi aqukethe izinhlanganisela zesulfure), esabisa izinyoni eziningi.
Izinhlobo
Ukubona uvemvane olumhlophe esiqeshini sengadi noma embhedeni wezimbali, ngokushesha lukhombe njengeklabishi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuhlali kunjalo - ikhabishi uvemvane ine "kabili" emndenini owodwa, okuvame ukudideka komunye nomunye.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, "isihlobo" sayo sifana nomhlophe weklabishi. Izimpiko zayo ezimhlophe nazo zinamabala amnyama (owesilisa unophiko olulodwa, insikazi inezimbili), kanti ikhona lephiko layo eliphezulu limnyama. Ngasikhathi sinye, itheniphu incane kakhulu - ubude bomzimba wayo abudluli ku-2 - 2.6 cm, kanti i-wingspan ingama-4-5 cm.
Ngaphandle, ifana neklabishi ne-rutabagas. Ukufana okukhethekile nabamhlophe beklabishi kutholakala kuma-rutabitch wesilisa, amakhona amaphiko aphezulu nawo anombala omnyama. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlelwa kwabo akubizwa kangako (kungahle kube nsundu, mpunga), futhi amabala ngokwawo ahlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphiko elingezansi lalesi uvemvane linombala ophuzi, ophuzi ngokuluhlaza noma ophuzi. Amaphiko amaphiko abesilisa angama-3.5 - 4 cm, kwabesifazane - 1.8 - 2.6 cm.
Esinye isinambuzane esibizwa ngokuthi iklabishi, i-hawthorn. Ubukhulu bayo buqhathaniswa nobukhulu benyoni eklabishi (amaphiko 5 - 6.5 cm), kepha awekho amabala amnyama ezimpikweni zayo - zimhlophe ngemithambo emnyama ezacile.
Iklabishi lingadideka nezinhlobonhlobo zepea zabamhlophe. Lesi sakamuva sinechashaza elimnyama emaphikweni aphezulu. Noma kunjalo, amakhona amaphiko ahlala elula. Lesi uvemvane, kaningi, singabonakala ezimfundeni nasezimfundeni ezivulekile. Engadini, ngokungafani "nozakwabo" babo, abazona izivakashi ezivamile. Namuhla, lolu hlobo lwabamhlophe lubhekwa njengenye yezinto eziyivelakancane, ngakho-ke lubeka ingozi encane kakhulu kunezinye.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ngokuvamile uvemvane lweklabishi luyaphila emasimini nasemadlelweni. Kodwa-ke, uzizwa engakhululekile kangako emaphethelweni ehlathi, eceleni komgwaqo, ezingadini, emapaki ngisho nasensimini yezindawo zokuhlala - lapho kunemithombo yamandla efanelekile.
Ngenxa yekhono labo lokukhuphukela ebangeni elingamamitha angama-20, futhi bathuthukise isivinini esifika ku-20 km / h endizeni, bathutha kalula hhayi kuphela phakathi kwezingadi, kodwa futhi bahamba besuka kwelinye izwe beya kwelinye izwe futhi baze bandizele nakwamanye amazwekazi.
Ekuqaleni, abamhlophe beklabishi babehlala eNtshonalanga nase-Asia Ephakathi, kepha indawo yesimanje yalezi zinambuzane ikhule kakhulu. Namuhla zingatholakala yonke indawo engxenyeni esempumalanga yeYurophu (kuze kufike ku-62 ° N), eNyakatho Afrika, e-East Asia, e-Urals, eningizimu yeSiberia, eningizimu yePrimorye ngisho naseSakhalin.
Ngenxa yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, phakathi nawo-1800, izitshalo zokuqala zeklabishi zavela eNyakatho Melika. Okokuqala, izimvemvane "zazi kahle" indawo yaseCanada (zaqala ukubonwa lapha ngo-1860), zabe sezithuthela e-United States. Ngo-1893, lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane lwalusivele lutholakala eHawaii.
Izwe elilandelayo abalikhethile kwakungeNew Zealand (1930). Futhi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, base bevele sebetholakala yonke indawo endaweni yezwekazi lase-Australia. Izinambuzane zafika eNingizimu Melika kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20. Isibonelo, eChile "bajwayelana" ngawo-1970.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emazweni amaningi izimo kwavela kwaba kuhle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni nasekuthuthukiseni iklabishi abamhlophe ukuthi inani labo lenyuka ngokushesha. Futhi ukulimala okuvela ezinambuzaneni sekuzuze ubukhulu obukhulu.
Lezi zimvemvane zishona kuphela, zilele emifantwini yezindonga, uthango, namagxolo ezihlahla. Zisebenza ngokukhethekile ngezinsuku ezifudumele ezinelanga. Bakhetha ukulinda izimvula ezindaweni ezifihlekile.
Abamhlophe beklabishi abayithandi imisinga yomoya enamandla, ngakho-ke bazama ukukhetha izindawo ezizolile zempilo nokuzala. Ukuqubuka okukhulu kwamakhabishi kuqala entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele singena. Isikhathi somsebenzi wezimvemvane sivela ngo-Ephreli kuya eshumini leminyaka lokuqala lika-Okthoba.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Kujwayelekile kakhulu iklabishi uvemvane esithombeni kuthathwe kuhleli kuklabishi. Igama lesinambuzane nalo likhuluma ngothando lwale mifino. Kodwa-ke iklabishi akulona ukuphela kokudla okumnandi kweklabishi elimhlophe. Umuntu omdala iklabhathidi leklabishi liyondla umpe wezimbali, unikeza okuncamelayo kuma-dandelions, ama-chamomiles, i-alfalfa, i-sivtsi.
Kodwa inzalo yakhe iyathanda kakhulu amaqabunga eklabishi, i-rutabagas, i-horseradish, i-turnip, i-rapeseed, i-radish ne-radish. Isibungu seklabishi ngeke sinqabe i-capers, i-nasturtium, isinaphi kanye negalikhi. Ukuhaha kwamacimbi (badla cishe njalo) kubenza babe izinambuzane eziyingozi emasimini nasezivandeni.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Njengezinambuzane eziningi, ukuthuthukiswa uvemvane iklabishi siqukethe izigaba eziningana ezilandelanayo. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu labamhlophe beklabishi, abesilisa akudingeki benze uhambo olude befuna umlingani.
Ukuheha insikazi, eyeduna ikhipha iphunga elinamandla, elifana nelika-geranium. Ngaphambi kokuqhubekela phambili ngqo ekuhlanganiseni, amabhabhalazi ahamba ngamabili cishe amamitha ayi-100 (uhlobo lwenqubo yokwazana nokweshela).
Kuyathakazelisa! Owesifazane ovundisiwe ucasha kubo bonke abanye “abakhongi” otshanini. Lapha usonga amaphiko akhe abe yiqhwa. Uma owesilisa esathola insikazi efihliwe, uvula amaphiko akhe kancane ukuvimbela ukuthintana futhi anikeze isignali yokwenqaba (ephakamisa isisu sakhe nge-engeli ebukhali). Ngemuva kwalokho, owesilisa ocasulayo uyandiza ayofuna omunye umlingani.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, izinsikazi zizalela amaqanda. Ama-clutches abo, ngalinye lawo lingaqukatha amaqanda ayi-15 kuye kwayi-100 (ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, kufika kumaqanda angama-200), izimvemvane zibekwa ohlangothini olungaphakathi lwamaqabunga ezitshalo ze-cruciferous (imvamisa kuklabishi). Lapha amaqanda avikelwe kahle hhayi kuphela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, kodwa futhi nasemvuleni naselangeni elikhanyayo.
Ososayensi bafakazele ukuthi isitshalo seklabishi sikulungele ukubeka ngephunga (ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, izinambuzane zibeka amaqanda ngisho nasocingweni olufakwe ngokucophelela ujusi weklabishi).
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngesikhathi sokubhekwa kwesikhathi eside, ososayensi baqaphela isici esisodwa sesitshalo seklabishi - asibekeli amaqanda kuphela, kepha sinakekela inzalo yaso, ngokunembile, ukuthi banokudla okwanele. Ngakho-ke, insikazi ayizaleli amaqanda kulawo maqabunga lapho sekukhona khona ibhande lenye uvemvane. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuba khona kwamaqhuqhuva angaphandle eklabishi nakho kungabonakala ngephunga.
Amaqanda amaklabishi abamhlophe abunjwe yisigaxa ngezimbambo ezinde. Umbala wamaqanda uphuzi ngokucebile. Ngokushesha, imvamisa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-6-8, izibungu ziyavela emaqandeni abekiwe. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuqoqa izinsiza ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni okuqhubekayo kwesinambuzane.
Ekuqaleni isibungu sevemvane leklabishi incane kakhulu futhi ifana nesibungu esincane. Kodwa-ke, ngokudla ngokuqhubekayo, izuza isisindo masinyane, iphenduke isibungu "esiqinile" esingu-4 - 4.5 cm.
Amacimbi asanda kuvela emaqandeni asusa isikhumba nenyama emaqabungeni. Kepha kancane kancane ukuthanda kwabo ukudla kuyakhula, futhi bathola amandla okubhubhisa ngokuphelele izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo. Ngokuya ngobudlova bezibungu, kanye nenani lazo, umuntu angacabanga kalula ngomonakalo abawenzayo ezitshalweni.
Ngenkathi izibungu zincane, zihlala ngamaqembu amakhulu, njengoba zazinjalo ku-clutch. Kodwa lapho bekhula, indawo eyengeziwe nokudla abakudingayo. Ngakho-ke, bahlakazekile ezindaweni ezibanzi.
Omncane ikhabethe butterfly isibungu inombala ophuzi noma okhanyayo ngokuluhlaza, okukuvumela ukuthi kuhlangane kahle neqabunga elihleli kulo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yezinhlobo ezintathu ze-pigment equkethwe emzimbeni wayo, isibungu singashintsha imithunzi yezingqinamba zaso, sivumelane nezimo esihlala kuzo. Ngakho-ke, emaqabeni akhanyayo, isibungu "siphenduka siphaphathekile", kuthi emaqabeni amnyama, sithola umbala ogcwele kakhulu.
Sikhula, isibungu sincibilika izikhathi ezine bese sishintsha umbala waso. Ekuqaleni, iba mpunga oluhlaza okotshani namabala amnyama. Umugqa ophuzi ugijima ezinhlangothini zomzimba, futhi ulula ngemuva. Ngemuva kwalokho umbala omkhulu wesibungu ushintsha ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imivimbo ephuzi ezinhlangothini, ngemuva, namabala amnyama emzimbeni ahlala.
Isibungu simbozwe ngokuphelele ngama-bristles amahle. Imilenze yayo engu-16 eqine iyivumela ukuthi ihambe kalula ebusweni beshidi futhi ingawi. Imihlathi ethandekayo yesibungu inohlobo lwesakhiwo oludingayo futhi ihlala ihamba. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi alume futhi ahlafune ngisho nemicu yesitshalo elukhuni ngokwanele.
Njengabantu abadala, amacimbi angathutha amabanga amade eyofuna ukudla. Kodwa-ke, abawuthandi ngokufanayo umswakama (imvula esindayo) nokushisa okukhulu. Izimo ezifanele zokukhula kwazo yisimo sezulu esomile futhi t + 20 + 25 ° С.
Kepha ngokungafani nezimvemvane, ezisebenza emini, izibungu zihamba ebusuku. Ngokuqondile, ebusuku badla kanzima, futhi emini "baphumula" phansi kwamakhanda eklabishi, kude nelanga, izinyoni namehlo abantu.
Isikhathi sokukhula kwesibungu amasonto ama-2-3, kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-40. Konke kuncike emvelweni. Uma zithandeka ngokwengeziwe, inqubo iya ngokushesha. Ekupheleni kwayo, isibungu sikulungele ukufundela.
Isiphungumangathi sabamhlophe beklabishi yisikhathi esibucayi kakhulu somjikelezo wempilo yaso. Ngalesi sikhathi, akavikelwa yilutho futhi akakwazi ukucasha kusongo olungaba khona. Ngakho-ke, ukuze udlulele esigabeni esilandelayo sentuthuko futhi uphenduke isiphungumangathi, isibungu sifuna indawo eyimfihlo kakhulu (lokhu kungaba isihlahla esiseduze, isiqu somuthi, noma uthango ngemuva kweshedi).
Ngemuva kokuthatha ikona elifanele, kuqala linamathiselwa ngokuqinile kuyo ngentambo efana nosilika, bese liyabanda bese liqala ukudonsa kancane. Umbala wesigaxa seklabishi ufana nombungu - umbala ofanayo ophuzi noluhlaza okotshani onamachashaza amnyama amancane. Ukuma kwayo ku-angular kancane.
Ngemuva kwamaviki angu-1.5 - 2, igobolondo le-cocoon liqhekeka, futhi kuvela uvemvane olusha kulo. Uma isigaba se-pupation senzeka ekupheleni kwehlobo futhi izimo zezulu zingakulungeli ukuqhubekela phambili, isitshalo seklabishi sihlala sisesimweni sesiphungumangathi futhi sichitha izithombe ezilengisiwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ekuqaleni, izimpiko zesinambuzane “esisanda kuzalwa” zithambile futhi zigobile, ngakho-ke uvemvane luye luzendlale kancane kancane bese luzomisa elangeni amahora amaningi. Cishe nje lapho amaphiko eseqina, uvemvane selikulungele ukukhwelana nokuzala okuqhubekayo. Isikhathi sokuphila kwesinambuzane esidala cishe izinsuku ezingama-20. Ngokwesilinganiso, izinzalo ezimbili zeklabishi abamhlophe zingazalwa ngesizini ngayinye (ezindaweni ezifudumele, umzuliswano wesithathu wentuthuko nawo kungenzeka).
Kuyathakazelisa! Yisizukulwane sesibili sabamhlophe beklabishi esibeka ingozi enkulu emaphandleni nasemapulazini azimele. Isizathu ukuthi abantu abadala bokuqala entwasahlobo baphoqeleka ukusebenzisa izitshalo zasendle ukubeka, ikakhulukazi.
Abalimi bezitshalo ngaleso sikhathi babengakakhiwa ngokwanele ukondla izibungu ezinamandla. Kepha inzalo yasehlobo ibeka inzalo yayo esivele iklabishi elivuthiwe nezinye izitshalo ezilinyiwe zomndeni we-cruciferous.
