Incazelo nezici
Ingxenye enkulu yabantu ayizithandi izinambuzane futhi zibaphatha ngokunengeka kokuzikhukhumeza. Vele, uma kuqhathaniswa nathi, izakhamizi esezithuthuke kakhulu zeplanethi, uma uthi nhlá zibukeka zingezinhle, zingemnandi, zivame ukucasula, kwesinye isikhathi zenyanye ngokungagunci. Noma kunjalo, umhlaba wezinambuzane ungumbono wonke wezidalwa ezimangalisayo ezifanele ukubhala ipeni lomlobi oqanjiwe wesayensi.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngasinye salezi zidalwa sinamakhono aso ahlukile. Isibonelo, iqhawe lendaba yethu - umgibeli wezinambuzane abanikezwe ngemvelo ngempahla ethokozisayo yokuguqula uhlobo lwabo, okungukuthi, abamele isigaba sezinambuzane namanye ama-arthropods, abe amaZombi angempela. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu nokuthi kungani abagibeli bekudinga, kufanele sithole.
Izidalwa ezinjalo zingaba zincane kakhulu, zingabonakali kangako, zingaphansi kuka-1 mm ngosayizi. Kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane, kunezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu, ezifinyelela ubude obufinyelela kuma-cm 5. Ngokubukeka, abagibeli bahlukahlukene kakhulu. Uma uthi shazi phezulu kubamele bezinhlobo ezithile, umuntu angaziphutha ngamabhungane ajwayelekile.
Eqinisweni, zifana kakhulu neminyovu, futhi nangaphandle ziyafana nazo, kepha esikhundleni sokujeziswa ngemuva zine-ovipositor ephawuleka kakhulu, ekhonjwe ekugcineni, evame ukufana nosayizi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi iphakeme (ezimweni ezikhethekile, izikhathi ezingu-7.5 zezinambuzane uqobo, kepha kwezinye izimo zincane kakhulu.
Ngosizo lwalesi sitho, lezi zidalwa zibeka amaqanda emizimbeni yezisulu zazo, futhi kungale ndlela kuphela lapho zikwazi ukuba khona, zikhule futhi ziqhubeke nomjaho wazo. Ekugcineni, umsebenzi wempilo yabagibeli uvame ukusebenziseka kubantu.
Yize empeleni zingama-parasites ayingozi kakhulu kuma-arthropods, ngakho-ke avame ukubizwa ngeminyovu ye-parasitic. Ngokwe-systematization yezinto eziphilayo, bangabesiqu-esiswini. Leli oda lifaka iminyovu efanayo, kanye nezinyosi ezinkulu, izinyosi, izintuthwane. Futhi-ke kuvela ukuthi lezi yizihlobo eziseduze zabagibeli.
Umzimba wezidalwa ezichazwe unwetshiwe ngesimo futhi uhlala emilenzeni eyisithupha ezacile. Lezi zinambuzane zinekhanda elingabalulekile, elinezimpondo ezinde, ezelulelwe phambili njengezimpondo.
Lawa madivayisi ayabasiza ukuthi babone indawo ebazungezile. Abagibeli – umabhebhana, ngakho-ke, abameleli bezinhlobo eziningi bangabanikazi bamaphiko angenwe ulwelwesi, ahlangene, abalahlekile anombala onsundu noma ompunga, agcwele imithambo. Kodwa kukhona nezinhlobo ezingenamaphiko, lezi zifana kakhulu nezintuthwane.
Abanye abagibeli, ngenxa yobuningi bemibala ehlukahlukene etholakala kuyo, bavame ukudideka nezinyosi ezihlobene, kanye nezinye izinambuzane eziningi. Abagibeli babomvu ngokugqamile, okusawolintshi, okunamabala, okunemishwe. Kepha umbala ojwayelekile womzimba ikakhulu umnyama, ugcwaliswa yimibala eguqukayo egqamile, ehlukile.
Ukuthatha abagibeli baye ngeminyovu, abantu bavame ukwesaba i-ovipositor yabo enkulu, bekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyisitho esesabekayo, esinobuthi kubantu. Kepha lo mbono awulungile. Ngendlela, abesifazane kuphela abanalesi sitho esesabekayo, futhi isigamu sowesilisa ngokwemvelo sincishwa sona, kanye nokukwazi ukubeka amaqanda.
Izinhlobo
Ukwehlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezinjalo kukhulu ngempela. Kunemindeni engaphezu kwengu-12 ehlanganiswe kuyo. Isibalo sabo izinhlobo zabagibeli inombolo kumakhulu ezinkulungwane. Akunakwenzeka ukuzichaza zonke, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhuluma ngokujwayelekile ngamanye amaqembu avame kakhulu noma ngandlela thile ahlukanisiwe alezi zinambuzane.
Abamele umndeni omkhulu we-chalcid bancane impela, kwezinye izimo ngosayizi omncane kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zincane kakhulu kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuzibona ngamehlo. Futhi akumangazi, ngoba ubude bezincane ikakhulukazi abudluli ku-0.2 mm.
Umbala wazo uhlukile. Kepha zonke izinhlobo (kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhona cishe isigamu sesigidi sabo emvelweni, yize kungu-22,000 kuphela wabo ochazwe ngososayensi bezinto eziphilayo) banesici esisodwa esivamile: ukwakheka kwamaphiko, anemithambo emibili kuphela. Ngokombono wesayensi, izidalwa ezinjalo ziyathakazelisa ngoba zikhubaza hhayi kuphela abamele abancane bezilwane, kepha nezitshalo.
I-chalcid emndenini omkhulu ihlukaniswe yaba yimindeni, eminye yayo izofakwa ohlwini ngezansi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi zona ngokwazo zifaka izinhlobo eziningi.
- Ama-leucospids ngombala, amnyama anemivimbo ephuzi namachashazi, nokuma komzimba okunesisu esihlanganisiwe, esiyi-convex kufana kakhulu neminyovu, lapho, ngasendleleni, ekhubaza khona. Izimpondo zazo zifushane, kodwa zibekwe ekhanda elikhulu. Izidalwa ezinjalo ziyabonakala emehlweni, ngokwesilinganiso cishe ngo-7 mm. Bekhubaza nezinyosi, laba bagibeli balimaza izidleke.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-aphelinids, aba wusizo olukhulu ngoba aqothula ama-aphid nezikali zezinambuzane. Kuyaqabukela kweqe u-5 mm ngosayizi. Lezi zidalwa zinemihlathi enamandla, ikhanda eline-tapered, izimpiko ezincane ezinamaphiko.
- Ama-agonid aqhathaniswa ngosayizi neqembu langaphambilini ngosayizi. Kwabesilisa bezinhlobo ezithile, ukungakhuli kahle kwamaphiko kanye nelinye lamaphara amathathu emilenze kuyabonakala. Yizilokazana zezitshalo ezibeka amaqanda azo kumakhiwane.
- Ama-trrichogrammatids yizinsana ezinobude obungamamilimitha. Leli qembu liwusizo kakhulu, njengoba libhubhisa izinambuzane zezolimo, ikakhulukazi inundu neklabishi, ngaphezu kwalokho - izimbungulu, ojekamanzi, izimvemvane, amabhungane.
- U-Aphelinus. Leli yigama lohlobo lwabamele abemikhulu kakhulu abavela emndenini wama-aphelinid. Lezi zidalwa zimnyama kwezinye izimo ngephethini ephuzi. Usayizi omaphakathi wabagibeli abanjalo usentimitha. Ngokubona ukuthi zilusizo ezitshalweni zezimbali, lezi zinambuzane zilethwe ngamabomu eYurophu zisuka eMelika. Zibulala ama-aphid egazi nezinye izinambuzane. Iqanda kuphela abalizalayo kusisulu sabo, njengoba likhula, liyiphendula libe ngumama omisiwe.
- Imbewu yeplamu icishe ibe ngu-3 mm ngosayizi. Umzimba wayo uluhlaza, izimpondo nemilenze kupendwe ngokuphuzi. Igama ngokwalo lisikisela ukuthi izidalwa ezinjalo ziyizinambuzane zasengadini. Ngaphezu kwama-plums, athinta imbewu ye-apula ne-pear izihlahla.
- Ipulumu iqina yisinambuzane esimnyama esinemilenze ephuzi, cishe ngo-5 mm ngosayizi. Ibeka amaqanda kuma-plums, ama-apricot, ama-cherries, ama-cherries, imvamisa kakhulu kuma-cherry plums nama-alimondi, okuwaqothulayo. Amaphiko alezi zidalwa awanawo ngisho amabili, kodwa umthambo owodwa.
Manje sizokwethula amanye amalungu eminye imindeni emikhulu. Akungabazeki ukuthi maningi futhi ahlukahlukene njengawo wonke umhlaba wezinambuzane. Iningi lalaba bagibeli liwusizo. Basiza izitshalo eziningi futhi bakhulule imvelo ezinambuzaneni.
- URissa umgibeli omnyama, kepha ngemigqa ephuzi esiswini, une-ovipositor enkulu. Leli yihlathi elihlelekile elithelela izinambuzane zokhuni: imisila ye-horny, amabhungane, amabhungane amade nezinye. Ithola izisulu zayo ngephunga, kanti izibungu ziyidla ngezitho zazo zangaphakathi.
- IPanisk ibukeka njengomiyane omnyama omkhulu onemilenze ebomvu. Kuvikela izitshalo zokusanhlamvu ngokukhubaza izinambuzane zazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithelela amacimbi ezinundu ngamaqanda ayo.
- I-Ephialtes i-Emperor ingumgibeli omkhulu, kunjalo ngokuqhathaniswa nezihlobo ezincane. Umzimba wayo ufinyelela kubukhulu obuyi-3 cm, kepha ubukhulu be-ovipositor bukhulu kakhulu. Ngokwakhe unesisu esibomvu esimnyama, umzimba omnyama nemilenze ebomvu. Ibhubhisa izinambuzane zokhuni.
Kungenzeka ukuhlela kabusha abagibeli hhayi ngezinhlobo nemindeni kuphela. Njengama-parasites, ahlukaniswe ngokwendlela atheleleka ngayo izisulu zawo. Lapha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi hhayi abantu abadala abazesabekayo izisulu.
Abahlaseli ababambiqhaza ngqo ekubhujisweni, kodwa kuphela amaqanda abo, akhula ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwalabo ababizwa ngokuthi ababungazi bese bedla kubo. Futhi-ke, kungahlukaniswa amaqembu alandelayo abagibeli, ngaphandle kokukhetha, zonke izinhlobo zazo ezingama-parasites:
- ama-ectoparasites anamathisela imivimbo yawo ngaphandle komzimba wesisulu noma avele awashiye eduze kwamaqanda aso, futhi athelele ikakhulukazi izinambuzane ezifihle ngaphakathi kwezihlahla nezithelo;
- ama-endoparasites enza imvimbo yawo ezicutshini zangaphakathi zesisulu, izibungu zazo zikhula isikhathi eside ukwedlula iqembu langaphambilini, kepha njengoba zikhula, zivame ukushiya abaphathi kuphela okungaphandle, okuzungezile okungenalutho, igobolondo, konke okungaphakathi kuyadliwa.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Akukhona ngenhlanhla ukuthi isidalwa esichaziwe sathola isiteketiso “umgibeli". Ngokubeka amaqanda azo, lezi zinambuzane, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, zibophela izisulu zazo, zibeke ngaphezu kwazo. Impilo yonke yomuntu omdala ingaphansi kwesifiso sokuqhubeka nomjaho wakhe, ngakho-ke kuwukufuna okungapheli kwabathwali abafanele (ababungazi), ukukhulisa nokondla inzalo yabo, yize kungeyona intando yabo.
Abantu abadala ikakhulu benza umsebenzi onamandla ebusuku. Ezinyangeni ezifudumele, bavame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingenabantu abaningi eduze kwemizimba yamanzi, imvamisa kuhlala ezindaweni eziphakathi kotshani obuqhakazayo, kunezinambuzane ezifaneleka kakhulu - izisulu ezingaba khona. Noma kunjalo, imvelo yabagibeli incike kakhulu endaweni yokusatshalaliswa kwezithwali lapho lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo lumi khona.
Uma abameleli bezinhlobo ezithile benosayizi ohlaba umxhwele noma isimo se-ovipositor esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, khona-ke lokhu akwenzeki ngengozi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ithuluzi elinjalo liyadingeka ukuze, ngokwesibonelo, ukubhoboza ungqimba olujiyile lwamagxolo esihlahla, lapho isibungu sebhungane singcwatshwe ngokujulile kusuka ekuhloleni amehlo. Kulokhu, isitho somgibeli siphenduka indawo yokubhola yangempela efakwe i-drill ebukhali. Lesi sting kamuva siqhutshwa siye kulowo okhethiwe.
Abagibeli babhekana nezidalwa ezihlala phansi ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu, abakwazi ukumelana ngenkuthalo. Kepha kwabanye kunzima kakhulu, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezicabucabu ezinkulu nofezela baba yizinto zokuhlaselwa. Abagibeli ezimweni ezinjalo kufanele basebenzise isibindi sabo, ubuhlakani futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nobuchule.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezinjalo, imvelo inikeze lezi zinambuzane amakhono akhethekile. Kwesinye isikhathi, ingxenye enkulu yobuthi obukhubazayo imane ijovwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ilitshe. Kwezinye izimo, abagibeli cishe balala nezisulu zabo ngaleyo ndlela balawule futhi baqondise izenzo zabo.
Lapho kuthelela amacimbi ebhu, ezinye izinhlobo zeminyovu zifaka amaqanda azo ezicutshini zazo zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibungu zikhula lapho, zidla uketshezi olunomsoco, kuthi lapho zikhula, ziphume futhi zithathwe yisikhumba.
Kuyethusa ukuthi lapho izimuncagazi, zizama ukufuqa, zishiya umzimba womninikhaya bese zisonta umfece wazo, ziwunamathisela emagatsheni noma emaqabungeni, isibungu se-zombie asihambeli ngenjabulo, kepha sihlala nabahlukumezi baso ukuze sibavikele ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezizingelayo.
Uba ngumqaphi onentshiseko, ebeka impilo yakhe engcupheni, egijimela izimbungulu nakwezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu. Kungani amacimbi enza lokhu, nokuthi abagibeli behlisela intando yabo ngaphansi kwezintshisekelo zabo kangakanani, akuqondakali ngokuphelele.
Kepha ikakhulukazi kungenxa yezisulu ze-zombie abagibeli abakwaziyo ukusinda ngempumelelo nokusabalala. Nomaphi lapho kungenjalo umgibeli uyaphila, izinambuzane ezinjalo zikhona ngempumelelo emhlabeni wonke, zimpande ezindaweni eziningi futhi zithole izithwali yonke indawo, ngenxa yazo ezizalanayo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izindlela ezesabekayo zokondla izibungu zezidalwa ezinjalo sezivele zicacile. Ngesikhathi zichanyuselwa emaqandeni bese ziqala ukukhula, abazali bazo sebevele benze isiqiniseko sokuthi banokudla okwanele. Emva kwakho konke, izinto ezitheleleke ngabo azihlupheki ngokushesha okukhulu. Azihlali nje kuphela, kodwa ziyakhula, ziyakhula futhi zondle, ekuqaleni zingaboni okuncane ukuthi isinambuzane siyakhula ngaphakathi kubo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, balindelwe isiphetho esibi.
Isibonelo, izibungu ezivela emndenini we-braconid, ezikhethekile ngamacimbi, ekupheleni kokumiswa kwazo zishiya isikhumba sazo kuphela, zidla ngokuphelele konke okungaphakathi komgcini wazo. Ekuqaleni, izimuncagazi ezisathuthuka zisebenzisa amanoni kuphela, zidala ukulimala okuncane kumphathi, kepha bese kusetshenziswa izitho ezibalulekile empilweni.
Ngandlela thile, zonke izinhlobo zabagibeli zikhubazeka. Kepha kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kokunye abantu abadala abadli lutho. Noma kunjalo, abanye basakudinga ukudla. Esimweni esinjalo umgibeli uyadla noma uketshezi oluvela kwezinye izinambuzane, noma umpe noma impova evela ezitshalweni.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngemuva kokufinyelela ebudaleni, abagibeli abaphili isikhathi eside, imvamisa kungapheli izinyanga ezintathu. Futhi kuphela ezimweni lapho, ngesikhathi sokuqedwa kokwakheka kwabo, bedlulwa yisimo sezulu esibandayo, bashiya ubusika obuphoqelelwe, kuthi entwasahlobo baqede umjikelezo wabo wokuphila bese befa. Kulokhu, isikhathi sabo sokuphila singafika ezinyangeni eziyishumi. Uhlobo ngalunye lusondela ekukhiqizeni ngendlela eyodwa.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, iminyovu yensikazi i-Ephialt kufanele ibheke isibungu esifanele se-barbel kumagxolo esihlahla. Ukwenza lokhu, ugijima esiqwini bese uthepha yonke indawo ngezimpondo zakhe. Ukusuka kulo msindo, uthola into.
Ngokulandelayo, ubhola izinkuni nge-ovipositor, emi ngezinyawo zakhe zangemuva, aziphenduphe njengaphezulu. Lo msebenzi uthatha okungenani amahora amabili. Lapho sifika kwisibungu esifihlwe esiqwini, lesi silwanyana sibeka iqanda elilodwa kuso.
Inani lamaqanda ezinhlobo ezincane ezivela emndenini we-Braconid lifinyelela izingcezu ezingama-20. Amacimbi, okuyizinto eziwaphethe kakhulu, akhubazekile ngoshevu. Ngaphansi kosuku ngemuva kokuhlaselwa, izibungu ziyavela.
Ziqedela zonke izigaba zokwakheka ezinsukwini ezinhlanu, kanti izinyane lithatha ezinye izinsuku ezine. Kepha ukukhula ngokushesha, izidalwa ezinjalo ziphila kancane kakhulu: abesilisa - hhayi ngaphezulu kwezinsuku eziyi-10, nengxenye yesifazane - inyanga kuphela.
Abazingeli abazingelayo abakhulu bangatheleleka ngezintokazi ngokubeka iqanda ngaphakathi. Kulokhu, ukukhula kobuso kuhamba kancane, kwesinye isikhathi kudlule amasonto amathathu. Idla izicubu ezihlanganayo nezinamafutha enkomo.
Futhi ngesikhathi esithile uyawushiya umzimba, kodwa hhayi isisulu. Kulokhu, isibungu sidla izinzwa zezimoto bese siyikhubaza inkomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhoyili likhoyili ngaphansi kwalo. Ngakho-ke, cishe isonto lonke liyadlula esigabeni sesiphungumangathi, bese umhluphi engapheli aze abe mdala.
Inzuzo nokulimala
Umgibeli ubonisiwe kubukeka kungavamile futhi kunelukuluku, ngokushesha kunesifiso sokukubona ngokuningiliziwe. Ngaphandle kokulimala okukhulu okulethwa yilezi zidalwa kuma-arthropods awusizo nakwezinye izitshalo ezilinyiwe, iqhaza labo elihle emvelweni lisobala. Umuntu angasho nje ukuthi amaqembu amaningi alezi zidalwa abulala kuze kufike ku-80% wezinambuzane.
Futhi-ke, ezinye zezinhlobonhlobo zithathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwabantu, ngaphezu kwalokho, zisatshalaliswa ngamabomu. Lokhu kuhle futhi ngoba abaphathi bebhizinisi akudingeki basebenzise amakhemikhali nezidakamizwa ezinobuthi ukuze babambe izinambuzane eziyingozi - izithwali zabo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kokubili imvelo nokuvuna kuyagcinwa. Futhi inzuzo enjalo ilethwa yisinambuzane, okuthi lapho uthi shazi asikwazi ukuvusa ukuzwelana okuncane ngokwaso.
Imvamisa, abagibeli bafuywa ezinqolobaneni zokusanhlamvu, babhubhise izinambuzane zesibaya. Kwezinye izimo, bayakwazi ukuthelela imikhiqizo yokudla ngamaqanda abo, okuyiqiniso, okudala ukulahleka, kepha empeleni akubalulekile.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Uma umgibeli ethelela izinto eziphilayo ezinkulu, khona-ke isisulu kokukodwa kokukodwa, yize sinomonakalo omubi, sisaphila. Kwesinye isikhathi i-parasite ikhetha i-parasite efanayo nesithwali. Lesi yisilokazana soku-oda sesibili.
Kukhona neyesithathu neyesine.Izinambuzane ezenza le parastism enezigaba eziningi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-superparasites. Okuthile okuthakazelisayo ngalezi zinambuzane, ngaphezu kwalokhu okushiwo, nakho kufanele kungezwe.
Abagibeli bayalalanisa, bakhuphukele phansi emgodini wenhlabathi noma esihlahleni. Kukhona eziningi zazo ekwindla nasezinqwabeni zamaqabunga awile. Abantu bayazishisa, njengamagxolo amadala ezihlahla, bamba umhlabathi, bengacabangi ukuthi yiliphi ibutho lezinqubo zezitshalo eziwusizo abalichithayo. Futhi-ke, ngokufika kokushisa kwehlobo, bayamangala ukuthi izinambuzane eziningi kangaka zezingadi nomhlaba wezolimo ziye zavela.
Abesifazane be-Plastigaster bangompetha phakathi kwabagibeli ngokwenani lamaqanda akhiqizwa empilweni yonke. Inombolo yabo, evame ukufakwa kwizibungu namaqanda ezimpukane zeHessian, ingafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezintathu. Lokhu kuyinkomba ebabazekayo yokuthi abagibeli abanohlonze baba kanjani kwesinye isikhathi.
Inzalo ye-Ageniaspis ayigcini nje ngokuba miningi, kepha futhi ikhula ngendlela ehlakaniphe kakhulu. Iqanda lalezi zidalwa, likhubaza inundu ye-apula, lingena kusibungu esincane, liba qanda ekukhuleni, lilinde umzuzu lapho umninikhaya ekhula ngokwanele. Kodwa kufika isikhathi esivumayo kuphela, iqanda, elibonakala njengelodwa, liqhuma, lidedele kuze kube semagodini angamakhulu amabili ukukhanya.
Abagibeli bezintuthwane (okungukuthi, okufana nezintuthwane ngokubukeka) bakhubaza i-karakurt ne-tarantula, okwenza umnikelo omkhulu ekwehlisweni kwesibalo salezi arthropod eziyingozi, ezinobuthi obukhulu. Futhi kwenzeka kanjena. Izicabucabu zisonga amaqanda azo ngomfece bese zilinda inzalo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umgibeli othile onesibindi ucasha lapho kuhlala khona lesi sidalwa esinemilenze eyisishiyagalombili esibulalayo, ahlabele umfece awugcwalise ngamaqanda akhe, asheshe adle konke okuqukethwe yikho ngaphakathi. Igobolondo le-cocoon kuphela elihlala liqinile, ngakho-ke isicabucabu, sisibuka futhi singasoli ukulahleka, okwamanje siqhubeka nokulinda ukugcwaliswa komndeni.
Isithombe esibi! Kepha umgibeli uyingozi noma cha kithina bantu? Masisho ngokungangabazeki - cha. Kulezi zinambuzane, abantu abanandaba neze. Abalokothi basebenzise lokho okucatshangwa ukuthi "bayabaluma" ekuvikeleni nasekuhlaseleni okunolaka, kepha basebenzela kuphela izinduku ezingakhuli ezilwaneni ezincelisayo. Futhi-ke, lapho ubona isinambuzane esingajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma sikhulu ngosayizi nge-ovipositor enkulu efana ne-sting, akufanele wesabe.
