Icilongo igama elijwayelekile lezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagastropods asolwandle. Yize inani lezinhlobo likhulu kakhulu futhi lingelomndeni we-buccinid, igama elithi "icilongo" kwesinye isikhathi lisetshenziswa kweminye iminenke yasolwandle emindenini eminingana.
Incazelo nezici
Umndeni wecilongo ufaka phakathi ama-gastropods amaningana amakhulu, angafika ku-260 mm ubude, nezinhlobo ezincane ezingeqi ku-30 mm. Izinhlobo ezivelele enyakatho Nenkabazwe yi-buccinum ejwayelekile. Lokhu imbumbulu yecilongo ihlala khona emanzini asogwini eNyakatho ye-Atlantic futhi angaba makhulu kakhulu, negobolondo elifinyelela ku-11 cm ubude futhi lifike ku-6 cm ububanzi.
Abashayi bamacilongo kwesinye isikhathi bayadideka nama-strombids. Kepha ama-strombid (noma ama-strombus) ahlala emanzini afudumele asezindaweni ezishisayo futhi ayimifino edla imifino, kuyilapho ama-buccinids ethanda amanzi apholile futhi ukudla kwawo kuqukethe inyama.
Isakhiwo secilongo:
- Isici sawo wonke amacilongo igobolondo elisontekile laba lomoya futhi linomphetho okhombe. Ukujika kokujika kuyindida, nehlombe eliyindilinga noma eliyindilinga futhi kwehlukaniswe ngumthungo ojulile. Ukukhululwa komhlaba kubushelelezi. Lesi sithombe siqukethe izintambo ezincanyana zokuvunguza ezilingana no-wavy omncane.
- Umlomo (ukuvula) mkhulu, umise okweqanda kancane ngesiteshi se-siphon esishiwoyo. Icilongo lisebenzisa onqenqemeni lwembobo (udebe olungaphandle) njengonxantathu ukuvula amagobolondo ama-bivalve molluscs. Umlomo uvalwe ngesivalo (operculum) esixhunywe engxenyeni engenhla yomlenze womnenke wasolwandle futhi sinesakhiwo esinjenge-horny.
- Umzimba othambile womnenke wasolwandle uvulekile futhi uvunguza. Okunamathiselwe ekhanda elichazwe kahle kunamathenti ayindilinga, abucayi kakhulu futhi asiza ekuqhumeni nasekutholakaleni kokudla. Amehlo amabili aphendula ukukhanya nokunyakaza angatholakala ekugcineni kwetende.
- Icilongo - imbaza yolwandleezondla nge-proboscis ende emise okwezindandatho, equkethe umlomo, i-radula, kanye nomphimbo. I-radula, okuyiqembu elisebenzisa ulimi olunemigqa emide yamazinyo e-chitinous futhi agoqiwe, isetshenziselwa ukuklabha noma ukusika ukudla ngaphambi kokungena emqaleni. Ngosizo lwe-radula, icilongo lingabhoboza imbobo egobolondweni lesilwane salo.
- Isembatho sakha isicucu esinamamaki amancane ngenhla komgodi we-branchial. Ngasohlangothini lwesobunxele, inesiteshi esivulekile esivulekile, esakhiwa ukusikwa noma ukucindezeleka kugobolondo. Ama-gill amabili (i-ctenidia) ahlukanisiwe, awalingani futhi anepectinate.
- Ingxenye engezansi iqukethe umlenze obanzi, onemisipha. Icilongo lihamba lodwa, lixosha amagagasi ezinciphiso zemisipha kulo lonke ubude bomlenze. I-Mucus ifihliwe njengesihlanganisi sokuhambisa ukuhamba. Umlenze wangaphakathi ubizwa ngokuthi yi-propodium. Umsebenzi wawo ukuxosha inzika njengoba umnenke ekhasa. Ekupheleni komlenze kune-lid (operculum) evala ukuvuleka kwegobolondo lapho i-mollusk isuswa igobolondo.
Isici se-anatomical segobolondo lecilongo yisiphon (isiteshi se-siphon) esakhiwe ngengubo. Isakhiwo se-tubular esinamanzi lapho amanzi emunca khona emgodini wengubo nangomgodi we-gill - wokunyakaza, ukuphefumula, ukondleka.
I-siphon ifakwe ama-chemoreceptors wokuthola ukudla. Ezansi kwesiphon, emgodini wesambatho, kukhona i-osphradium, isitho somzimba esakhiwe yi-epithelium ebucayi kakhulu futhi enquma isisulu ngamakhemikhali aso ebangeni elide. Icilongo lifanekisiwe kubukeka kuthakazelisa futhi kungavamile.
Umbala wegobolondo uyehluka kuye ngezinhlobo, kusuka kwimpunga kuya ku-tan, kanti umlenze wembaza umhlophe namabala amnyama. Ubukhulu begobolondo lamacilongo emanzini apholile futhi abandayo imvamisa lincane.
Izinhlobo
Icilongo - imbaza, isatshalaliswa cishe kulo lonke ulwandle lomhlaba, kusukela ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezakhiwo kuya ezindaweni zokugeza. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zitholakala kuzo zombili izilwandle zasenyakatho naseningizimu, emanzini apholile futhi abandayo. Iningi lithanda isisekelo esinzima, kepha ezinye zihlala ezihlahleni ezinesihlabathi.
Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwezilwane zasolwandle zaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic ezitholakala ogwini lwaseGreat Britain, e-Ireland, eFrance, eNorway, e-Iceland nakwamanye amazwe asenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu, ezinye iziqhingi zase-Arctic iyimpondo ejwayelekile ye-buccinum noma ye-wavy.
Lokhu icilongo le-gastropod ikhetha amanzi abandayo anokuqukethwe kukasawoti okungu-2-3%, futhi ayikwazi ukusinda emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-29 ° C, ayihambelani kahle nempilo endaweni engamamitha ngenxa yokungabekezelelani usawoti omncane. Ihlala enhlabathini ehlukile, kepha imvamisa isaphansi kolwandle olunodaka nesihlabathi, ekujuleni kusuka kumamitha ama-5 kuye kwangama-200.
Abantu abadala bakhetha izindawo ezijulile, kuyilapho izingane ezincane zitholakala eduze nolwandle. Umbala wegobolondo ngokuvamile kunzima ukuwunquma njengoba imollusk icashile njengolwelwe noma imbozwe ngamagobolondo. INeptunea itholakala olwandle i-Arctic; ezilwandle ezifudumele zaseningizimu - izinhlobo ezinkulu zohlobo lwePenion, ezaziwa njenge siphon trumpet (ngoba ine-siphon ende kakhulu).
Uhlobo olutholakala olwandle lwaseJapan olutholakala emanzini asogwini eSouth Korea nasempumalanga yeJapan - uKelletia Lishke. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yoLwandle i-Okhotsk nasolwandle lwaseJapan, i-verkryusen buccinum (noma i-Okhotsk sea buccinum) yande kakhulu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ama-Trumpeter ama-sublittoral mollusks: ahlala ngaphansi kwe-tide low enhlabathini enesihlabathi noma enesihlabathi. Njengoba ulwelwesi lwabo lwegill lungavali ngokuqinile ukuvuleka kwegobolondo, abakwazi ukuhlala emoyeni, njengamanye ama-mollusks, ikakhulukazi izimbaza.
Izimo zezulu zinomthelela omkhulu empilweni yempondo. Izinga lokukhula eliphakeme liyabonakala entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngokukhula okuthile ehlobo. Iyehlisa ijubane noma iyeke phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, lapho amacilongo ejwayele ukungena emgodini bese eyeka ukondla. Lapho amanzi eshisa, kubonakala sengathi bayondla. Lapho amanzi efudumala kakhulu, abuye abhoboze futhi, hhayi akhase aphume kuze kube sekwindla (kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya eqhweni lokuqala).
Ukudla okunomsoco
Icilongo liyadla inyama. Ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni ziyizilwane ezidlayo, zidla amanye ama-mollusk, ezinye - izidumbu zesidumbu. Ukudla kwe-buccinum ejwayelekile kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe. Idla izikelemu ze-polychaete, ama-bivalve molluscs, kwesinye isikhathi afile, abulawe yizinkanyezi zasolwandle, ama-urchins olwandle.
Lapho izingela, icilongo lisebenzisa ama-chemoreceptors ku-osphradium yakhe (isitho esisemgodini we-pallial) nomlenze oqinile wokuzihambisa ezansi ngaphezulu kwamasentimitha ayi-10 ngomzuzu. Iphethe umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela nokuzwa ukugeleza kwamanzi ageleza evela kumashubhu okondla imollusk, iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezilwane ezingaba yisisulu nomzingeli.
Ngokushesha nje lapho isisulu sitholakele, imollusk izama ukukhohlisa isisulu bese iyazimbela phansi. Ulinda i-bivalve ukuthi ivule izingxenyana zegobolondo. Inkinga ukuthi izimbaza azikwazi ukuphefumula amagobolondo azo evaliwe futhi kwesinye isikhathi kufanele zivuleke ukugwema ukuminyana.
Icilongo licindezela isiphon phakathi kwezingcezu futhi ngaleyo ndlela livimbele usinki ekuvaleni. I-siphon ilandelwa i-proboscis ene-radula. Ngamazinyo amade abukhali, udabula izingcezu zenyama emzimbeni othambile wembaza, ayidle ngesikhathi esifushane.
Imbaza ibuye isebenzise udebe lwangaphandle lwegobolondo ukugoqa nokuvula igobolondo, ilibambe ngonyawo lwalo ukuze imiphetho yamagobolondo e-bivalve ibe ngaphansi komlomo ongaphandle wegobolondo lecilongo. Ukuchithwa kuyaqhubeka kuze kudaleke imbobo evumela icilongo ukuthi ligaxe igobolondo lalo phakathi kwamavalvu wezilwane.
Enye indlela yokuthola ukudla, uma kwenzeka isisulu singesona i-bivalve mollusc, ukusebenzisa ikhemikhali elifihlwe yindlala ethambisa i-calcium carbonate. I-radula ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukubhoboza imbobo egobolondweni lesisulu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Amacilongo angama-dioecious molluscs. I-mollusk ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eminyakeni engu-5-7. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sincike esifundeni esihlala kuso. Ezindaweni ezibandayo, ukukhwelana kwenzeka entwasahlobo lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi likhuphuka.
Ezindaweni ezifudumele, njenge-European Gulf Stream, abashayi bamacilongo bayalingana ekwindla lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lehla. Owesifazane uheha owesilisa ngama-pheromones, awasakaze emanzini ngokushisa okufanele. Ukukhulelwa kwangaphakathi kuvumela umzimba wasolwandle ukuthi ukhiqize amaphilisi ukuvikela amaqanda.
Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, abesifazane babekela amaqanda abo kuma-capsule avikelayo anamathiselwe ematsheni noma kumagobolondo. I-capsule ngayinye iqukethe amaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-100, kwezinye izinhlobo zingaqoqwa futhi ngobuningi obukhulu, kuze kufike kumaqanda ayi-1000-2000.
I-capsule yamaqanda ivumela imibungu ukuba ikhule ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa.Nokho, yiphesenti elilodwa kuphela lentsha elisindayo, ngoba amaqanda amaningi asetshenziswa njengomthombo wokudla yimibungu ekhulayo.
Ngaphakathi kweqanda, umbungu udlula ezigabeni eziningana. Icilongo alinaso isigaba sokubhukuda samahhala. Iminenke emincane yasolwandle ekhuliswe ngokuphelele iphuma kuma-capsule ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-5-8. Abantu abasha bangavela kobaba abahlukene, njengoba abashayi bamacilongo behlangana izikhathi eziningana futhi owesifazane egcina isidoda kuze kube yilapho izimo zangaphandle zivuma.
Ama-gastropods abonakala ngenqubo yokwakheka eyaziwa ngokuthi i-torsion, lapho ubukhulu be-visceral (viscera) bomnenke wolwandle ujikeleza i-180 ° maqondana ne-cephalopodium (imilenze nenhloko) ngesikhathi sokukhula. I-Torsion ivela ngezigaba ezimbili:
- isigaba sokuqala sinemisipha;
- owesibili yi-mutagenic.
Imiphumela yokuhlukumezeka, okokuqala, ingokomzimba - umzimba uba nokukhula okufana nokwakheka, izitho zangaphakathi ziyangena ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo, ezinye izitho zolunye uhlangothi (kaningi kwesobunxele) lomzimba ziyancipha noma zinyamalale.
Lokhu kuzungezisa kuletha imbobo yengubo kanye ne-anus ngaphezulu phezulu; imikhiqizo yenqubo yokugaya ukudla, eyokukhipha nokuzala ikhishwa ngemuva kwekhanda le-mollusc. I-Torsion isiza ukuvikela umzimba, njengoba ikhanda liqoqwe kugobolondo eliphambi komlenze.
Isikhathi sokuphila semollusk yolwandle, ngaphandle kwesici somuntu, sisukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengu-15. Icilongo likhula lisebenzisa ingubo ukukhiqiza i-calcium carbonate ukukhulisa igobolondo elizungeze i-axis emaphakathi noma i-columella, lenze ama-revs njengoba likhula. Isilo sokugcina, imvamisa esikhulu kunazo zonke, ukuvunguza komzimba, okuphela ngokunikeza ukuvuleka komnenke wasolwandle ukuphuma.
Ukubamba icilongo
Yize icilongo inenani elincane lokuhweba, kubhekwa njengenjabulo yokudla. Kunezinkathi ezimbili zokudoba imollusk - kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ekupheleni kukaJuni nokusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuDisemba.
Ibanjwa ikakhulukazi emanzini asogwini ezikebheni ezincane ezisebenzisa izingibe, ezifana nalezo zama-lobster, kodwa incane ngosayizi futhi ilula ngokwakhiwa. Imvamisa yiziqukathi zepulasitiki ezimbozwe ngoyiloni noma ngocingo olunocingo olunokuvula okuncane phezulu.
Ngezansi kwesicupho kusinda ukuhlala umile olwandle, kepha kunezimbobo ezincane zokuvumela ukugeleza ngesikhathi sokuhamba. I-mollusk ingena ngesango elifana nofele, kodwa uma ibhajwe, ayikwazi ukuphuma. Izicupho zinamathiselwe ezintanjeni futhi zimakwa ngokuntanta phezulu.
Icilongo ukudla okuthandwayo, ikakhulukazi eFrance. Kwanele ukubheka i- "sea plate" (assiette de la mer), lapho uthola izingcezu zebhodlela eliminyene futhi linambitheka kamnandi (njengoba amaFulentshi abiza icilongo), nephunga likasawoti.
Enye indawo ebalulekile okuyiyo iMpumalanga Ekude, lapho ukuthungwa nokungaguquguquki kwecilongo kuyenza indawo engcono kakhulu ye-thermophilic shellfish, manje eseyivelakancane futhi ebiza ngokweqile ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile.
