I-crane yaseJapane kwaziwa yizingane nabantu abadala kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kukhona izinganekwane eziningi nezinganekwane ngaye. Isithombe sale nyoni besilokhu siheha ukunaka kanye nentshisekelo yabantu ngenxa yomusa wayo, ubuhle nendlela yempilo. Ukutshiyoza okungavamile kokhokho baseJapan, okushintsha kuye ngesimo, nakho kudonsela ukunakwa okukhulu. Izinyoni zingacula ngazwilinye, okuyinto ejwayelekile emibhangqwaneni eshadile futhi ekhombisa ukukhetha okulungile komlingani, kanye nokumemeza kakhulu nangokuthusayo uma kunengozi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: crane waseJapane
I-crane yaseJapan (iGrus japonensis) inamagama amanye amabili - iManchurian crane, i-Ussuri crane. Le yinyoni evela emndenini wakwaCranes ohlala eJapan naseMpumalanga Ekude. I-crane yaseJapan iyinyoni enkulu impela, enamandla, engafinyelela ku-1.5 m ukuphakama, kuze kufike ku-2.5 m ngamaphiko ubude futhi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-10 kg.
Ividiyo: I-crane yaseJapane
Izimpaphe zama-cranes ikakhulukazi zimhlophe. Izimpaphe ezisentanyeni zipendwe ngombala omnyama. Emaphikweni kunenqwaba yezimpaphe ezimnyama, ngokungafani nempaphe emhlophe. Imilenze ye-crane yaseJapan mncane, kunalokho iphakeme, ilungiselelwe kahle ukuhamba emaxhaphozini nasemhlabathini onodaka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ekhanda labantu abadala, kukhona uhlobo lwenqola - indawo encane engenazo izimpaphe ezinesikhumba esibomvu, esiba yimaroon ebusika naphakathi nezindiza.
Abesilisa bama-cranes bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane futhi kulapho wonke umehluko phakathi kwabo uphela. Amantshontsho ama-cranes aseJapan ambozwe aminyene futhi amafushane amnyama phansi. Izansi lamaphiko lilula kakhulu. I-Molting ezilwaneni ezincane iqala ngo-Agasti futhi ihlala cishe unyaka.
Intsha esikhulile yalezi zinyoni esezishonile yehlukile kweyabantu abadala. Isibonelo, lonke ikhanda lamachwane limbozwe izimpaphe, kanti ezinye izimpaphe zinombala onsundu ngokubomvu. Uma ilula izimpaphe ze-crane yaseJapan, kukhula ngokwengeziwe.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-crane yaseJapan
I-crane yaseJapane ingenye yezinkulu kakhulu emndenini wayo. Le yinyoni enkulu impela, eqinile futhi enhle kakhulu, imitha elilodwa nohhafu ubude. Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa i-crane yaseJapane kolunye uhlobo izimpaphe zayo ezimhlophe njengeqhwa ezinezimpaphe ezithile zezimpaphe ezimnyama ekhanda, entanyeni nasemaphikweni.
Esinye isici esivelayo ukuthi kusuka emehlweni kuye emuva kwekhanda kuya phambili entanyeni kukhona umugqa omhlophe obanzi ngokwedlulele, ohluke kakhulu kuzimpaphe ezimnyama ezisentanyeni kanye ne-cornea emnyama emnyama yamehlo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ama-cranes aseJapane abhekwa njengehlanzekile kunawo wonke phakathi kwezinyoni, ngoba anikela sonke isikhathi sawo esikhululekile ekuzinakekeleni nakwezimpaphe zawo.
Imilenze yama-cranes mncane, kunalokho iphakeme, inesikhumba esimpunga esimnyama. I-dimorphism yezocansi kulezi zinyoni ayivezwanga kahle - abesilisa abahlukile kwabesifazane ngosayizi abakhulu kuphela.
Ama-cranes amancane aseJapan ahlukile ngaphandle kubantu abadala. Masinyane ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, amaphuphu ambozwe ngokubomvu noma nsundu phansi, ngemuva konyaka (ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala) izimpaphe zawo ziyingxube yamathoni ansundu, abomvu, ansundu nomhlophe. Ngemuva konyaka, ama-cranes amancane afana nokubukeka njengama-cranes amadala, kepha amakhanda abo ambozwe izimpaphe.
Ihlala kuphi i-crane yaseJapan?
Isithombe: I-crane yaseJapan eRussia
Uhla lwezinyoni ezibizwa ngama-cranes aseJapan lumboza iChina, Japan kanye nezindawo zaseRussia eziseMpumalanga Ekude. Sekukonke, ama-cranes aseJapan ahlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingama-84.
Ngokuya ngokubukwa kwesikhathi eside, izazi ze-ornithologists zihlukanisa amaqembu amabili wabantu baseJapan crane:
- isiqhingi;
- ezwekazini.
Abantu besiqhingi bezinyoni bahlala engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Kuril Islands (Russia) kanye nesiqhingi saseHokkaido (Japan). Lezi zindawo zihlukaniswa nesimo sezulu esibi, inala yokudla, ngakho-ke ama-cranes ahlala lapha njalo futhi awandizi ndawo ebusika.
Inani lezwekazi lase-mainland lihlala engxenyeni eseMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia, eChina (izindawo ezisemngceleni weMongolia). Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izinyoni ezihlala lapha ziya engxenyeni emaphakathi yeNhlonhlo yaseKorea noma eningizimu yeChina, futhi lapho kuqala intwasahlobo zibuyela ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-cranes aseJapan ahlala esiqiwini sikazwelonke eZhalong (China) athathwa njengabantu abahlukile. Ngenxa yesimo esivikelekile sendawo, benzelwe izimo ezihamba phambili.
Njengoba lezi zinyoni zingakubekezeleli ukuba khona kwabantu, zikhetha izimfunda ezimanzi, amaxhaphozi kanye nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezinemifula emikhulu nemincane kude nezindawo zokuhlala njengendawo abahlala kuyo.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona i-crane yaseJapan. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yi-crane yaseJapan?
Isithombe: Umdanso we-crane waseJapan
Ama-cranes aseJapan awathobekile ekudleni, angadla kokubili ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane, okungukuthi, konke okungatholwa.
Imenyu yezitshalo:
- ulwelwe nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini;
- amahlumela amancane elayisi;
- izimpande;
- ama-acorn;
- okusanhlamvu.
Imenyu yezilwane:
- inhlanzi emaphakathi (ukhaphethi);
- iminenke;
- amaxoxo;
- ama-crustaceans;
- izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezincane (izibankwa);
- izinyoni ezincane zasemanzini;
- izinambuzane ezinkulu (ojekamanzi).
Ama-Cranes nawo angazingela amagundane amancane futhi abhubhise izidleke zezinyoni zamanzi. Ama-cranes aseJapan adliwa ekuseni ngovivi noma ntambama. Zifuna izilwane ezahlukahlukene, zihlala zihamba emanzini angajulile zehlise amakhanda futhi zibheke ngokucophelela izisulu. Ngenkathi ilindile, i-crane ingama inganyakazi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Uma inyoni ibona okuthile okufanele otshanini, isibonelo, ixoxo, bese ilibamba ngokushesha ngokunyakaza okucijile komlomo wayo, ikuhlanze emanzini isikhashana, bese iyakugwinya kuphela.
Ukudla kwezilwane ezisencane kuqukethe izinambuzane ezinkulu, amacimbi nezibungu. Inani elikhulu lamaprotheni aqukethe livumela amaphuphu ukuba akhule futhi akhule ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukudla okunjalo okunothile nokuhlukahlukene kuvumela amaphuphu ukuba akhule ngokushesha, athuthuke futhi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu (izinyanga eziyi-3-4) afinyelele usayizi wabantu abadala. Kulesi sikhathi, ama-cranes amancane asevele ekwazi ukundiza amabanga amafushane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-crane yaseJapane indiza
Ama-cranes aseJapan asebenza kakhulu engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku. Izinyoni zibuthana ngamaqembu amakhulu ezindaweni lapho zingazitholela khona ukudla (izindawo eziphansi kanye nezikhukhula zemifula, amaxhaphozi, izimfunda ezimanzi), inani elanele lokudla. Njengoba kuhlwa, ama-cranes ayalala. Balala bemi emanzini ngomlenze owodwa.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ama-cranes ahlukanisa indawo yokuhlala ezindaweni ezincane okungezabantu abashadile abahlukene. Ngasikhathi sinye, umbhangqwana ngamunye uvikela ngentshiseko izindawo zawo futhi awuvumeli eminye imibhangqwana ukuthi ingene ensimini yabo. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, lapho sekuyisikhathi sokundizela eningizimu, kuyisiko ukuthi onjiniyela basemaphandleni bathutheleke baye emihlambini.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Impilo yama-cranes aseJapan iqukethe imicikilisho eminingi ephindaphindwa njalo kuye ngesimo sempilo.
Abaqaphi bezinyoni babiza le mikhuba imidanso. Zibonisa ama-beep nokunyakaza. Imidanso yenziwa ngemuva kokudla, ngaphambi kokulala, ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, ngesikhathi sobusika. Izinto eziyinhloko zokudansa kwe-crane yiminsalo, ukweqa, ukujika komzimba nekhanda, ukuphonsa amagatsha notshani ngomlomo.
Izazi ze-ornithologists zikholelwa ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zibonisa isimo esihle sezinyoni, zisiza ukwakha imibhangqwana emisha eshadile, futhi futhi zithuthukise ubudlelwane phakathi kwabamele izizukulwane ezahlukahlukene. Lapho kuqala ubusika, inani labantu basezwekazini lizulazula ngaseningizimu. Ama-cranes andizela ezifundeni ezifudumele ngokwakhiwa kwamaphethelo endaweni ephakeme cishe nge-1.5 km ngenhla komhlaba, ebambelela kokuvuselelwa okufudumele. Kungaba nezindawo zokuphumula nezokudla eziningana phakathi nale ndiza.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-crane chick yaseJapane
AmaMran cranes afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngeminyaka engu-3-4. Izinyoni zakha imibhangqwana eyodwa engaphuli impilo yayo yonke. Ama-cranes abuyela ezindaweni zawo zokuhlala unomphela kusenesikhathi: lapho ama-thaws okuqala esanda kuqala.
Isikhathi sokuzalela ama-cranes aseJapan imvamisa siqala ngengoma yesiko, edlalwa owesilisa. Uhlabelela ngomculo (hums), aphonse ikhanda lakhe emuva. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, owesifazane ujoyina owesilisa. Uzama ukuphinda imisindo eyenziwe ngumlingani wakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho kuqale umdanso wokukhwelana, oqukethe ama-pirouette amaningi, ukugxuma, ukushaya amaphiko, iminsalo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imidanso yokuhlangana kwe-crane yaseJapan inzima kakhulu kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni wakwaCranes. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi zombili izinyoni ezindala nezincane zibamba iqhaza kuzo, njengokungathi zisebenzisa wonke amakhono adingekayo.
Ama-cranes aqala ukwakha isidleke sawo ngoMashi-Ephreli, futhi ngabesifazane kuphela abakhetha indawo yabo. Indawo yokwakha izidleke imvamisa iwugqinsi oluminyene lwezitshalo zasemanzini ezinombono omuhle wendawo ezungezile, ukuba khona komthombo wamanzi oseduze nokungabikho ngokuphelele kwabantu. Indawo yomhlaba ehlala ngababili eyodwa ingahluka - 10 sq. km., nebanga eliphakathi kwezidleke liyahlukahluka ngaphakathi kwamakhilomitha ama-2-4. Isidleke se-cranes sakhiwe ngotshani, umhlanga nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini. Inokuma okusaqanda, iyisicaba, ifinyelela ku-1.2 m ubude, ifinyelela ku-1 m ububanzi, ifike ku-0.5 m ukujula.
Ku-clutch yama-cranes, kuvame amaqanda ama-2, kuyilapho imibhangqwana emisha ineqanda elilodwa vo. Bobabili abazali bafukamela amaqanda, kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga, amachwane aqandusele. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje emva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu asevele esehamba nabazali bawo abafuna ukudla. Ngobusuku obubandayo, abazali bafudumeza amawundlu abo ngaphansi kwamaphiko abo. Ukunakekela - ukondla, ukufudumala, kuhlala cishe izinyanga eziyi-3-4, bese amaphuphu ezimela ngokuphelele.
Izitha zemvelo zama-cranes aseJapan
Isithombe: i-crane yaseJapan evela eBhuku eliBomvu
Ama-cranes aseJapan athathwa njengezinyoni eziqaphile kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, futhi nangenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, azinazo izitha eziningi zemvelo. Njengoba zinendawo yokuhlala ebanzi kakhulu, lezi zinyoni zinezinhlobonhlobo zezitha ezahlukahlukene kakhulu. Isibonelo, ezwekazini, ama-raccoon, izimpungushe namabhere ngezikhathi ezithile bangazizingela. Kwesinye isikhathi amaphuphu asanda kuchanyuselwa ahlaselwa yizimpisi kanye nezilwane ezinkulu ezindizayo (izinkozi, izinkozi zegolide). Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ama-crane akuthatha ngokungathi sína nangokuzibophezela ukuphepha nokuvikelwa kwezingane zawo, izilwane ezidla ezinye zivame ukuhamba zingenalutho.
Uma umhlaseli noma umuntu ngokuzumayo esondela esidlekeni esiseduze kwamamitha angama-200, into yokuqala ama-cranes azama ukuphambukisa ukunakwa, kancane kancane asuke esidlekeni nge-15-20 m bese elinda, futhi aphinde asuke kude. Ezimweni eziningi, inqubo yokuphazamiseka isebenza kahle. Abazali babuyela ekhaya kuphela uma sebenesiqiniseko esiphelele sokuthi isidleke sabo kanye nenzalo yabo akusekho engozini.
Eziqhingini, ama-Manchu cranes aphephe kakhulu kunezwekazi. Ngempela, eziqhingini, inani lezilwane ezincelisayo ezidliwayo lincane futhi kunenani elanele lokudla kwazo ngendlela yamagundane amancane nezinyoni ezingaphansi kakhulu, okulula kakhulu ukuzingela.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: crane waseJapane
I-crane yaseJapan ithathwa njengezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu, ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Isizathu salokhu ukwehliswa okukhulu kwendawo yomhlaba ongathuthukisiwe, ukunwetshwa okusheshayo komhlaba wezolimo, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu emifuleni emikhulu nemincane. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyoni zimane nje azinandawo yokudla nokondla. Esinye isizathu esacishe saholela ekuqothulweni okuphelele kwalezi zinyoni ezinhle ukuzingela kwaseJapane amakhulukhulu amakhulu eminyaka ngenxa yezimpaphe zawo. Ngenhlanhla, amaJapane ayisizwe esiqaphelayo, ngakho-ke le frenzy yokuqothula sekuphele isikhathi eside futhi inani lama-cranes eJapan, noma kancane, laqala ukukhula.
Namuhla, inani le-crane yaseJapan cishe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-2.2 futhi babhalwe ku-International Red Book naseRed Book yaseRussia. Ngenxa yalokhu, ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngenxa yokwanda kwesibalo sezinhlobo esiqhingini saseHokkaido (Japan), ama-cranes aqala ukuhamba kancane kancane ayohlala eziqhingini ezingomakhelwane - iKunashir, iSakhalin, iHabomai (iRussia).
Noma kunjalo, akukubi konke. Kwavela ukuthi ama-cranes aseJapan azala kahle ekuthunjweni, ngakho-ke, umsebenzi osebenzayo njengamanje uyaqhubeka ukubuyisa izinombolo zawo ngokwakha inani labantu.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Amachwane akhuliswe ekuthunjweni futhi adedelwa endaweni yawo unomphela akhululeke kakhulu ngokuba khona kwabantu. Ngalesi sizathu, zingaphila futhi zidle lapho izinyoni zasendle zingahlali khona.
Ukulondolozwa kwamaCranes aseJapan
Isithombe: ama-cranes aseJapan avela eRed Book
Njengoba i-crane yaseJapan idinga izimo zokuphila ezikhethekile, zasendle nezilahliwe ngokuphelele, lolu hlobo ngqo luhlushwa ukukhula komkhakha nezolimo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izindawo eziningi lapho izinyoni zangaphambili zazizwa zizolile futhi zikhululekile manje sezazi kahle ngabantu. Leli qiniso ekugcineni liholela ekungenzeki kokuzala inzalo, ukungakwazi ukuthola inani elanele lokudla, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lama-cranes.
Kufakazelwe ukuthi kulo lonke ikhulu lama-20, inani lama-Manchu cranes belilokhu landa noma lincipha, kepha izazi zezinyoni zikholelwa ukuthi lifinyelele ezingeni elibucayi kakhulu phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ngempela, ubutha obuqhubekayo kulezi zindawo bekuphazamise kakhulu ukuthula kwezinyoni. Ama-cranes ayesaba ngokwenzekayo futhi edideke ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sizathu, iningi labo alizange lidle iminyaka eminingana futhi lazala inzalo. Lokhu kuziphatha kungumphumela oqondile wokucindezeleka okutholakele.
Kunenye futhi ingozi engaba khona kubantu baseJapan crane - ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona ukungqubuzana okuhlomile phakathi kwamaKorea amabili - iNyakatho neNingizimu, nakho okungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu kwinani lama-cranes, afana neMpi Yezwe Yesibili.
I-crane yaseJapane emazweni ase-Asia kubhekwa njengenyoni engcwele futhi uphawu oluyinhloko lothando nenjabulo yomndeni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lezi zibhangqwana zalezi zinyoni zihloniphana kakhulu, futhi zihlala zithembekile kubalingani bazo impilo yabo yonke. Kukhona inkolelo edumile phakathi kwamaJapane: uma wenza ama-cranes ayinkulungwane ngezandla zakho, khona-ke isifiso sakho osithandayo sizogcwaliseka.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 28.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/30/2019 ngo-21: 23
