Esigabeni sezilwane ezihuquzelayo, iqembu lezingwenya lifaka phakathi abamele abahlukahlukene. Gavial emelwe yizinhlobo kuphela emndenini wegama elifanayo. Ihlukaniswa ngokucijile ngomlomo omfushane, ubude obuphindwe kathathu noma kahlanu kunobukhulu obunqamulelayo.
Njengoba umuntu ekhula, lesi sibonakaliso siyaqina kuphela. Ukondla izinhlanzi, ingwenya inamazinyo abukhali, ithambekele kancane esimweni. Indawo yokuhlala kwayo yiNdiya, imifula nezindawo ezizungezile. EPakistan, eBangladesh naseBurma, izinhlobo ezinjalo zicishe zaphela. ENepal, abekho ngaphezu kwabantu abangama-70.
Incazelo
Ngakho-ke, umndeni wakwaGavial webutho lezingwenya umele uhlobo olulodwa kuphela -IGanges gavial... Njengoba ikhula inkulu impela, lapho izalwa cishe ayihlukaniseki nezinye izinhlobo ezivamile.
Kodwa kukhona futhi isici esiyinhloko, esivezwe impela - isifonyo esincane kanye nemihlathi emide. Ngokukhula, lokhu kuvunyelaniswa kokudla kwezinhlanzi kuya ngokuya kuqapheleka, ubukhulu buyanda. Umlomo ovulekile ufinyelela ku-65 kuya ku-105 cm.
Umlomo we-gavial unamazinyo amaningi atholakala ngokungacacisi nangasemuva. Zibukhali kakhulu futhi zinde ngesimo, zisuka ku-24 ziye ku-26 emihlathini engezansi, futhi zingaphezulu kwe-27 emihlathini ephezulu.Ibonakala ngisho nangomlomo ovaliwe. Konke lokhu kusiza isirhubuluzi ukuzingela nokudla lokho esinakho.
Ithambo lesifuba alisicaba njengoba kubonakala kwezinye izingwenya. Ingxenye engaphambili yesifonyo inwebekile, inesithasiselo esithambile - esinye isibonakaliso esikhonjwa ngasogavial esithombeni.
Lona umhlaziyi womsindo owenzeka lapho ukhipha. Ukukhula kukhumbuza abantu bendawo ngebhodwe le-ghara laseNdiya. Lavela kanjalo-ke igama lohlobo lwe-gavial elisuka egameni elithi "ghVerdana". Lokhu kwakhiwa kutholakala kumafinyila abesilisa. Inomgodi wokubamba umoya, ngakho-ke abesilisa bahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside kunabesifazane.
Kukhona nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
Ubude bomzimba wesilisa bufinyelela ku-6.6 m, kowesifazane kuncane ngokuphindwe kabili. Isisindo sowesilisa esifinyelela ku-200 kg. Umbala wangemuva ikhofi, elinamabala aluhlaza nansundu, amabala ansundu nemivimbo ebusheni. Ngokukhula, lolu hlu lonke luyakhanya. Isisu siphuzi kancane, siphenduka sibe mhlophe noma ukhilimu ngombala.
Ukungakhuli kahle kwemilenze, okwenza kube nzima ukuhamba emhlabeni. Sisebenza ngokukhasa phansi kuphela, isihuquzeli sakha ijubane elikhulu lokuhamba endaweni yasemanzini. Inhloko ivame ukuqhathaniswa nengwenya - i-pseudogavial. Izinhlaka zayo ezimeni zabantu abadala ziyakhula futhi zibe zincane.
Izikhoxe ezincane zamehlo. Iso livikelwe ulwelwesi olucwayizayo ukuze luhlale emanzini. Imikhuhlane iqala ngemuva kwekhanda iye emsileni, yakhe uhlobo lwe-carapace yemigqa emi-4 yamapuleti amathambo anamagquma. Emsileni kunama-scute ayi-19 kanye nenani elifanayo lesikali esinamagquma.
Yize ubukhulu besilwane buhlaba umxhwele, abuhlaseli umuntu, amacala anjalo awakaqashelwa.Ingwenya gavial iba sesibili ngosayizi ngemuva kokuqedwa (Crocodylus porosus).
Umsuka
Umndeni wakwaGavial yiyona endala kunazo zonke izingwenya. Imvelaphi yayo ihlotshaniswa nesikhathi esenzeka emhlabeni cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule - iCenozoic. Umqondoizinhlobo ze-gharials manje akusebenzi, ngoba munye wabo osindile kuze kube namuhla. Yize ukuvubukulwa kwembula izinhlobo eziyi-12 zezinsalela. Okutholwayo akuveli eNdiya kuphela, kodwa nase-Afrika, eYurophu, eSouth America.
Amagama eGangetic,indian gavial ziyefana. Elinye igama yingwenya enekhala elide. Manje sekuwukuphela kohlobo lwe-genus kanye nomndeni we-Gavialidae. Kodwa-ke, ngokwemininingwane ye-encyclopedic, ibuye ifake nengwenya i-gavial, ebhekwa njengesihlobo esiseduze kakhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala
UGavial uyisilwane (Gavialis gangeticus, lat.) Ayizingeli ngaphandle kwemvelo yasemanzini, kepha ivame ukuya ngasogwini ukuyothamela ilanga noma ngesikhathi sokuzala. Emanzini, ukuhamba kwayo kungabizwa ngomusa, kanye nokuba nejubane elikhulu, cishe irekhodi lezingwenya. Umsila nokuluka imilenze yangemuva kusiza ukubhukuda. Bangatholakalaphi abantu abanjalo? Imifula esheshayo nejulile iyindawo oyithandayo.
UGavial uhlala ezindaweni ezinokuthula ezinamabhange aphezulu, ukhetha amanzi ahlanzekile. Amachibi ajulile esigodini sezikhukhula enemingcele yesihlabathi ayamfanela naye. Lapho, wakha izidleke futhi uqhuba ukubhasikidi - ukufudumeza umzimba wesirhubuluzi ngemisebe yelanga.
I-Homing (evela ekhaya lesiNgisi - indlu) ihlukile kubantu abadala. Okungukuthi, umkhuba we-reptile wokubuyela esidlekeni, endaweni yokuhlala yangaphambilini, okuyinto evezwe impela. - Emvelweni wamanzi, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zibheka izindawo ezinenani elikhulu lezinhlanzi.
Izindawo zamaduna ngamanye zinobude obufinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-20 ngasogwini. Insimu yabesifazane ifinyelela ku-12 km ubude. Ingwenya okukhulunywa ngayo ichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini, izindawo zayo ezinokuthula. Emhlabeni, ukhasa kuphela, amaslayidi esiswini sakhe. Kepha ukuthuthukiswa kwejubane elilinganisiwe nakho kungenzeka.
Ukubhebhetheka
IGavial itholakala kakhulu eNdiya. Le ndawo isenyakatho yeHindustan, echazwe ngohlelo lwamabheshi emifula i-Indus, iGanges, iBrahmaputra. EPakistan, eBangladesh naseNepal, manje cishe ayitholakali, njengoba yaphela kulesi sifunda.
Eningizimu, indawo yemvelo ifinyelela esigodini saseMahanadi (e-India, e-Orissa state). UGavial wabuye watholwa emfudlaneni weBrahmaputra, uMfula iManas emngceleni weBhutan neNdiya. Kepha manje cishe akunakwenzeka ukukuqinisekisa. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngoMfula iKaladan entshonalanga yeBurma. Yize ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX. izingwenya ezifanayo zazikhona lapho.
Uhlamvu, isimilo, indlela yokuphila
AmaGavials athathwa njengabazali abahle. Abesifazane babonakala ikakhulukazi ngale mfanelo. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhwelana, zakha izidleke. Ngemuva kwalokho babheka inzalo kuze kufike isikhathi sokuqala kwenkululeko.
Izingwenya ezinjalo azinalo ulaka. Kepha ukulwela abesifazane nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo akuhlukile kulo mthetho. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidla izinhlanzi zihlala emndenini owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abaningana. Isiko lamaNdiya libabona njengezilwane ezingcwele.
Okudlayo, ukudla
UGavial uzingela izinhlanzi, okuwukudla akuthandayo. Kepha futhi nabantu abadala badla izinyoni, izilwane ezincane ezisondela emfuleni. Ukudla futhi kuqukethe izinambuzane, amaxoxo, nezinyoka.
Ukudla izidumbu, kufaka phakathi izinsalela zomuntu, nakho kuyabonakala. Phela, ngokwesiko bangcwatshwa eGanges, umfula ongcwele. Ngenxa yaleli qiniso, isisu sesilwane kwesinye isikhathi siqukethe ubucwebe. Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo kwesinye isikhathi sigwinya amatshe amancane, ashukumisa ukugaya kwaso.
Lapho izingela inhlanzi, ngokwesibonelo, i-catfish enemigqa, ingwenya iyibamba ngokunyakaza kwekhanda okuyi-lateral, iyisuse ngapha nangapha. Amazinyo abamba inyamazane, ayivimbele ishelele futhi ikhiphe. Kubantu, lolu hlobo aluyona ingozi, yize lukhulu ngosayizi.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala yokuphila, i-gavial encane iphenduka umuntu ovuthiwe ngokocansi. Inqubo yokuvela kwezilwane ezisencane ivela ezigabeni ezilandelayo. Isikhathi sokukhwela sandulela ukubekwa kweqanda. Izingwenya ziyasebenza ngenhloso yokuzalanisa kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuJanuwari.
Abesilisa bagcwalisa i- "harem", bekhetha abesifazane abaningana, maqondana nokuthi kwesinye isikhathi izimpi zenzeka phakathi kwabo. Futhi ubukhulu namandla engwenya anquma inani labesifazane abakulo. Isikhathi esisukela ekukhulelweni kuya ekubekeni kwamaqanda sithatha izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4.
Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka phakathi nenkathi eyomile - Mashi nango-Ephreli, lapho ugu lolwandle luvula. Izinsikazi zizimbela umgodi ebusuku ngokuzalela amaqanda esihlabathini ebangeni lamamitha amathathu noma amahlanu ukusuka emanzini. - Endaweni ephekiwe, kufika amaqanda ama-oval angama-90 (imvamisa ayi-16 - 60).
Ubukhulu bazo bucishe bube yi-65 nge-85 mm noma ngaphezulu, isisindo sabo sidlula ezinye izinhlobo zezingwenya futhi singu-160 gram. Isidleke simbozwe yizinto zokutshala. - Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2,5, ama-gavialchiks azalwa. Umama akabathutheli endaweni yasemanzini, ebafundisa ukuthi baphile futhi banakekele.
Izimo zesizini nosayizi wengwenya kunquma kusengaphambili ubukhulu bokubamba okugqitshwe esihlabathini sendawo engajulile embozwe uhlaza. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-90 (ngokwesilinganiso), kepha futhi kungaba kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-76 kuya kwezingu-105.
Insikazi ivikela indawo yokwakha, izingwenya ngokwazo futhi izisize zichamisele. Uza emaqanda njalo ebusuku. Owesilisa ngamunye unobudlelwano nabesifazane abaningana, lapho ezinye izingwenya zingavunyelwe khona.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane kwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi ngosayizi wamamitha ama-3. Kodwa ngokusho kwezibalo, ngokwemvelo, i-gavial eyodwa kuphela kwangu-40 efinyelela kuyo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-gharials angama-98% awaphili aze abe neminyaka emithathu ubudala. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sabantu singumphumela odabukisayo.
Imininingwane ethembekile irekhodwe ngomunye wabantu besifazane abahlala e-London Zoo. Uneminyaka engama-29 ubudala. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuvuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi nobukhulu obukhulu kunquma ubude besikhathi sokuphila. Ngokwemvelo, kuphawulwa isikhathi seminyaka engama-20 noma engama-30. Isibalo esisemthethweni seminyaka engama-28 asifinyeleleki ngenxa yemisebenzi yabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, ukungcoliswa kwamachibi okugcina amanzi, amanzi.
Ukuvikelwa kwabantu
Ushintsho endaweni yemvelo lwenzeka ngenxa yokuzingelwa kwalesi silwane. Futhi kunezizathu ezilandelayo. Amacala okufa lapho ebanjwe kumanetha okudoba avame ukwenzeka. Ukunciphisa izitoko zezinhlanzi. Ukuncishiswa kwezindawo okungahlalwa kuzo. - Ukuqoqa amaqanda ukwelashwa kwezifo eziningi, ukuzingela iziqu ezisemakhaleni, okuyi-aphrodisiac ekhulisa amandla wesilisa.
Amasheya okudla okudingekayo ancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ekwehleni kwesibalo. Ngaphezu kwezinto zemvelo, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni nabo bakhathazekile. Isimo manje sisesimeni esibucayi, njengoba abantu abaningi becindezelwe.
Kepha eNdiya zisekhona, njengoba zisekelwa ukufukamela okufakelwayo kwamaqanda emapulazini ezingwenya. Kukhiqizwa izilwane ezisencane, bese zikhishelwa endaweni ekahle. Ukulondolozwa kwe-gavial kwenziwa ngokomsebenzi kaHulumeni wase-India kusuka ngonyaka we-1975, osebenza kusukela ngo-1977.
Uhlelo lokudlulisa izingwenya ezinonyaka owodwa endle aluzange luthuthukise kakhulu ikusasa lazo. Ngakho-ke kumawundlu akhishwe ku-5 000, ngabantu abahlala kuphela ezindaweni ezi-3 eziseziqiwini zikazwelonke abazale ngempumelelo.
Ngo-1978, kwathathwa izinyathelo ezifanayo epaki likazwelonke laseNepal. Lapha, lapho kuhlangana khona imifula emibili (iRapti neRue), kugadwa abantu abakhulu. Imicimbi inombono wethemba. Kodwa-ke, lo mmeleli ongajwayelekile wezingwenya ubhalwe kuRed Book. Isizathu sisengozini.
Isirhubuluzi singasindiswa ngokuhlanza imifula yamaNdiya ubuthi nemfucuza yendle. Kodwa namuhla indawo engcoliswe kakhulu. Isimo sokuphila - amanzi ahlanzekile emifula awahlangatshezwa njengemfuneko eyisisekelo yezemvelo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinhlekelele luzoqothulwa. Ingwenya yasendulo ihlukaniswa njengommeleli ocishe ucishe futhi osengozini kakhulu yezilwane.
