Ukuphumula oLwandle Olubomvu, uthokozela ubuhle obungajwayelekile bemifula yamakhorali nempilo yasolwandle enemibala, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amanzi angaqukatha udokotela ohlinzayo wezinhlanzi, okubhekwa njengengozi impela.
Lo mhlali wasolwandle ufana nokubukeka njengeqhawe lekhathuni ethandekayo "Ukuthola uNemo" kanye nokulandela okulandelayo "Ukuthola uDory". Okomndeni ohlinzayo futhi uhlala emanzini asolwandle nasolwandle. Ake sikuthole yini udokotela ohlinzayo wezinhlanzi oyingozi nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani izingozi zezempilo ezingaba khona.
Incazelo nezici
Ukuphila udokotela ohlinzayo oLwandle Olubomvu, eGreat Barrier Reef, ePacific Ocean (eSamoa, eNew Caledonia). Ihlala ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha angama-40. Ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi emithambekeni engaphandle yamakhorali, icashe emigodini yamadwala naphakathi kwamakhorali. Abantu abadala bakhetha ukuhlala ngababili noma ngabodwa, gazinga emhlambini.
Zonke izinhlobo zohlobo ziyafana. Ubude zifinyelela ku-15-40 cm, abanye abantu bangaba bakhulu - kuze kufike ku-1 m. Isimo senhlanzi siyi-oval (ovoid), sicindezelwe, sengathi sicwecwe ezinhlangothini. Womabili amaphiko (omgogodla nophiko lwendunu) abanzi, okwenza ukwakheka kwempilo yasolwandle kube yindilinga.
Udokotela ohlinzayo wezinhlanzi ubonisiwe ine-caudal peduncle evezwe ngokuqinile, ezinhlangothini zazo lapho kutholakala khona imiqolo eyingozi. Esimweni esizolile, "bacasha" endaweni ekhethekile - ephaketheni. Uma kunengozi, bayazelula futhi babe yisikhali esesabekayo, bangasetshenziswa njengesivikelo.
Amehlo makhulu futhi abekwe phezulu, okusiza odokotela abahlinzayo ukuhamba kahle ebumnyameni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umlomo mncane futhi utholakala ekugcineni kwesifonyo esihlangene. Inamazinyo amancane, ngakho-ke ingadla ulwelwe. Isiphongo siyathambeka. Umsebenzi wansuku zonke. Lapho zisencane, izinhlanzi zizama ukuvikela indawo yazo.
Indoda enamandla ingaba nezinsikazi eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, uhlobo olunjalo lwabesifazane. Umbala odokotela abahlinzayo ezimweni eziningi ukhanya futhi uhlukahlukene. Umzimba ungaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ulamula, ophuzi, obomvu-obomvana. Izinhlanzi ezinsundu zinephethini engafani ngokungafani. Izibungu zinemibala ehlukile, ameva awekho, i.e. azifani neze nabantu abakhulu.
Kungani udokotela ohlinzayo wezinhlanzi ebizwa kanjalo? Kungenxa yokuba khona kwameva, acishe afane nesimo sokhakhayi noma insingo. Ababeki ingozi hhayi kwezinye izinhlanzi kuphela, kodwa nakubantu. Inhlanzi ayizizwa isaba futhi iyakwazi ukubhukuda izungeze imilenze yabo bobabili umuntu omile futhi ohambayo, bese kuthi, ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngokunyakaza okusheshayo komsila wayo, ifake amanxeba okusika, ajule kakhulu. Akukho ncazelo etholakele ngalokhu kuziphatha.
Spikes Udokotela ohlinzayo ubukhali ngokwanele ukusika izicathulo. Ngakho-ke, le ngozi kufanele ibhekwe. Ezimweni eziningi, ngemuva kokusikeka, uzodinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo nokuthungwa. ukulimala kwamathambo, imithambo futhi, ngokufanele, ukulahleka kwegazi okukhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simo sibhebhethekiswa iqiniso lokuthi ungangena esilondeni isikhwehlela esinobuthi, esisendaweni yesikali senhlanzi. Lokhu kungaholela hhayi kuphela ekuzweleni okubuhlungu, kepha nasekutheleleni. Ngokusikeka okuyingozi kakhulu, ukunqunywa izitho kungenzeka. Ngokulahleka okukhulu kwegazi, umuntu uzomane afele emanzini uma ekude nasogwini.
Izitha eziyinhloko zabadokotela abahlinzayo ngoshaka, abangawasabi nakancane ameva abukhali. Lezi zilwane ezinkulu zigwinya izinhlanzi ezincane. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho ubona oshaka, izakhamuzi ezinhle zasolwandle zicasha ngokushesha, azinikezi noma yikuphi ukumelana.
Ngokuqondene nezinye izidalwa zasolwandle noma zasolwandle, udokotela ohlinzayo uyayihlonipha futhi ayivikele indawo yayo. Odokotela abahlinzayo babonakala ngokuthambekela okuphezulu kwezifo ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi:
- Ichthyophthyroidism (olwandle). Ekuqaleni, kuvela amachashazi amhlophe emaphikweni, okuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana adlulele emzimbeni wenhlanzi.
- Isifo i-Oodiniosis noma isifo se-velvet. Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kwezifo, inhlanzi "iyazikhuhla" ematsheni, ezixhotsheni nakwezinye izinto. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kuvela ukuqubuka okumpunga (uhlobo oluyimpuphu) ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene (umzimba, amaphiko), bese kuthi ikhava engaphandle iyaxebuka, izicubu zangaphakathi zamaphiko ziyabhujiswa, bese kutholakala ukwakheka kwamafinyila amaningi.
Ngaphezu kwezifo esezivele zibaliwe, odokotela abahlinzayo banokubola, okuthinta amaphiko nokuguguleka (kwengxenye eseceleni, ikhanda).
Izinhlobo
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila zasolwandle, ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:
1. Udokotela ohlinzayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka... Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-royal noma i-hepatus. Umbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokugqamile onamabala amnyama amancane atholakala emzimbeni. Umsila umnyama futhi uphuzi. Abantu bahlukaniswa ngomsebenzi wabo nokuhamba, banamahloni. Bathanda izindawo lapho bangacasha khona futhi bakhanyise kahle.
2. Arabhiya. Le nhlobo ingummeleli onolaka futhi omkhulu kunabo bonke ohlotsheni lokuhlinzwa, ingafinyelela kubude obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40. Umzimba wegeja unomthunzi wensimbi (awukho iphethini) nemivimbo emnyama etholakala ezinhlangothini. Wonke amaphiko amnyama ngokuhlelwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amabala we-orenji atholakala eduze komsila omise isikela onemisebe eyedlulele nasesembozweni segill. Ihlala oLwandle Olubomvu futhi ibonakala kalula ngendawo ephuzi etholakala maphakathi. Izinsipho ezinobuthi - ezansi komsila.
Abantu abancane banombala ofana nowakudala, kodwa awukhanyi kangako. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwa. Indawo eyinhloko yiNhlonhlo yase-Arabia (uLwandle Olubomvu), iPersian Gulf.
Zihlala ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha ayi-10. Izinhlanzi zihlala zodwa noma ngamaqembu ama-harem. Indawo lapho izinsikazi zondla khona ivikelwe eyeduna. Idla ulwelwe, izikelemu, ama-crustaceans kanye nezinye izilwane ezingenamgogodla.
3. Ibele elimhlophe. Umhlali odumile wamakhorali. Udokotela ohlinzayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka linombala ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa ikhanda lalo limnyama. I-fin etholakala ngemuva iphuzi, i-anal fin imhlophe. Umsila mfushane, unemigqa emibili emnyama (longitudinal). Kubhekiswa empilweni yasolwandle engadli inyama, ulwelwe emadwaleni lusebenza njengokudla.
4. I-Zebrasoma (ukuhamba ngomkhumbi). Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezi-5, okukhanyayo kunomsila ophuzi. Ukuma kwayo kufana nonxantathu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ongajwayelekile, amaphuzu akule ndaba ayimnyama. Amaphiko makhulu futhi abanzi, kanti umsila uphuzi. Uncamela ukuhlala emadwaleni, ezixhotsheni zamakhorali, emadamini anamatshe. Imivimbo emzimbeni inikeza umehluko omuhle kumaphiko nomsila ophuzi.
5. Inhlanzi-impungushe. Umzimba wezinhlobonhlobo ezincane (20-50 cm) u-oval, ucindezelwe ezinhlangothini, umbala okhanyayo (ophuzi, onsundu ngokukhanyayo) onemigqa emnyama. Ikhala linwetshiwe, yingakho inhlanzi yathola igama layo. Okuphuzi kubangelwa umsila namaphiko. Lapho umuntu ecasukile, kungashintsha umbala wezikali, futhi amachashazi amnyama abonakale emzimbeni.
Cishe wonke amaphiko agcwele ubuthi obunikezwa yizindlala. IHabitat Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea neCaledonia. Amafreyimu akha imihlambi emikhulu eduze kwemifula, abantu abadala bahlala ngababili noma ngabodwa.
6. Isithixo samaMoor. Uhlala ePacific nase Indian Ocean. Umzimba uyisicaba, mkhulu, umbozwe izikali ezincane. Amaphiko emhlane nawamaphiko ayafana nonxantathu ngohlangothi olulodwa oluhlangene. Inhlamba iyanwetshwa, igcina ngomlomo omncane.
7. Udokotela ohlinzayo we-Olive... Inhlanzi inesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, inomzimba ovulekile futhi imicu emide yemisebe eyeqisayo emphethweni we-caudal. Ingaphambili lilula ukwedlula ngemuva. Abantu abakhulu banombala onsundu onsundu, ompunga noma onsundu ngombala.
Ngemuva kweso kukhona indawo enombala osawolintshi enomngcele onsomi. Usayizi ofinyelela ku-35 cm usakazeke kakhulu e-Indian Ocean. Ihlala ekujuleni okungama-20-45 m ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi noma esinamadwala phansi, emifuleni noma emachibini. Bahlala bodwa, ngababili, ngamaqembu. Idla ulwelwe lwe-unicellular, detritus.
8. I-ctenochet enamehlo aphuzi. Inendandatho ebanzi ephuzi ezungeze amehlo. Umbala uvame kakhulu kusuka kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo kuye kobunsundu obumnyama. Kunemivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzimbeni wonke, amachashazi amancane aluhlaza emphinjeni nasekhanda. Amaphiko (ama-pectorals) - aphuzi. Usayizi omkhulu ngu-18 cm. Kusatshalaliswe endaweni enamanzi eziQhingini zaseHawaii. Ihlala emithambekeni engaphandle yemifula nasemachibini ajulile. Ihlala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10-50. Idla ulwelwe futhi iyasebenza emini.
9. Udokotela ohlinzayo onemigqa... Umzimba wenhlanzi yedube mpunga ngombala womnqumo noma wesiliva, unephethini yezici nemivimbo emihlanu emile (emnyama noma nsundu). Amaphiko aphuzi. Akukho dimorphism yezocansi. Usayizi ofika kumasentimitha angama-25. Kusatshalaliswe e-Indian Ocean. Ihlala emithambekeni yangaphandle yemifula nasemachibini aqinile phansi. Ihlangana ngamaqoqo amakhulu (kufika kubantu abayi-1000).
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Abahlinzayo bezinhlanzi bakhetha uLwandle Olubomvu nolwase-Arabia, i-Aden ne-Persian Gulfs njengendawo yabo yokuhlala. Ngaphansi kakhulu, zingatholakala ogwini lwase-Australia, e-Afrika nase-Asia (South-East). Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaba nokwanda kwenani labantu eCaribbean.
Odokotela abahlinzayo bavame ukuhola indlela yokuphila yasemini. Atholakala eduze kwamachibi anendawo enamadwala, emifantwini enamadwala nangaseduze kwezixhobo zamakhorali ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-50. Ezimweni eziningi abantu abadala bahlala bodwa noma ngababili. Intsha iyagcwala imihlambi. Ngenxa yemibala yazo emihle futhi ekhanyayo, ezinye izinhlobo zigcinwa ezindaweni zasolwandle zasekhaya.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Abamele lezi zinhlobo badla imifino, badla ulwelwe, i-zooplankton ne-detritus. Uma kungekho ukudla okwanele noma ukuncintisana okuningi, babuthana emhlambini ukuyofuna ukudla okuhlangene. "Uhambo" olunjalo lokudla luqoqa kufinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana zezinhlanzi, okuthi, ngemuva kokudla, zisabalalele ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile. Futhi, ukuqoqwa kwemihlambi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuthomba kukadokotela ohlinzayo kwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1-1.5. Iningi lama-subspecies awanawo umehluko wobulili. Ungahlukanisa owesilisa kowesifazane kuphela lapho ukhwelana (ngoFebhuwari-Mashi). Ngalesi sikhathi, umbala wesilisa awumncane, uba nolaka ngokwengeziwe
Amaqanda ezinsikazi abekela ulwelwe olunamaqabunga abanzi, kungaba namaqanda angaphezu kwama-30 000. Ukufukamela kwamaqanda kuhlala kuze kufike osukwini. Usayizi owodwa kuya ku-1 mm, ngamunye umise okwediski.Udokotela ohlinzayo wezinhlanzi ongabonakali - yilokhu okubizwa ngamafry.
Umzimba ucishe ubonakale, ngaphandle kwesisu, uyisiliva. Imisila yomsila ayithuthukiswa, kepha imicu yamaphiko (i-ventral, i-dorsal, i-anal) iyanwetshwa futhi inezindlala ezinobuthi. Kuze kube yisikhathi sokuthomba (izinyanga ezi-2-3) zicasha emakhorali, lapho izinhlanzi ezinkulu zingakwazi ukubhukuda.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kuvela imivimbo emzimbeni nakumbala. Amathumbu enwetshiwe amahlandla ambalwa, okudingeka ukuthi akwazi ukugaya ukudla kwezitshalo. Indawo yokuhlala ethandwa kakhulu ugu lwaseNew Zealand. Ingakhula ize ifike kuma-cm 30. Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20-30.
