Kunenqwaba yezilwane ezithakazelisayo emvelweni. Phakathi kwazo: izinkawu, izindlulamithi, izimvubu, ama-iguana, ukuqapha izibankwa, izinhlobo ezikhethekile zezinambuzane. Omunye wabamele umndeni wenkawu ngu inkawu yemfene.
Kubizwa nangokuthi izilwane ezihlakaniphile ngenxa yesifiso sokuhlala emphakathini. Ngamandla abo, lezi zinkawu zidlula ngisho nezimfene ezithandekayo nezidumile. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu e-Afrika, izimfene zikujabulela kakhulu ukuhlangana nabantu.
Incazelo nezici
Uhlobo lwezimfene luvela ezimfeneni. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zenkawu ezisabalele e-Afrika. Izici zabo ezihlukile ziyisifonyo esihlanganisiwe nesimo esikhethekile sogebhezi. Ososayensi bababiza ngezinkawu ezinamakhanda ezinja. IMfene ifanekisiwe inengubo ephuzi enezinto ezinsundu.
Ngalo mbala, waphinde waqanjwa ngegama lemfene eliphuzi. Lona umbala wejazi ovame kakhulu ezinkawini. Ubude besilwane bungamasentimitha angama-75. Umsila ngokwahlukana ungamasentimitha angama-60. Lolu hlobo lwenkawu lushesha kakhulu, luqine futhi luba nekhono, yize lubukeka lungajwayelekile.
IMfene Isilwane esithandana kakhulu. Akusoze kwahola impilo enesizungu. Kukhona njalo abantu ababalelwa ku-50-80 emhlambini. Iqembu livame ukuholwa abesilisa nabesifazane abanamandla abaningana. Ngakho-ke abesilisa kwesinye isikhathi banquma ukushiya umhlambi wabo bathole omunye.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, okokuqala udinga ukuthola ukwethembeka neqembu lakho, uvikele abantu abadala nezingane ezincane. Ngemuva kokuthi ubukhulu buqashelwe phakathi kwamalungu ayo, unelungelo lokuthola umndeni omusha. Ngokuyinhloko, umhlambi uqukethe abesilisa abayisishiyagalombili nabesifazane abayishumi nambili, kanti abanye bayizingane zabo zeminyaka ehlukene.
Indoda entsha, efike emhlambini ongaziwa, kufanele iqale iqonde lonke uhlelo lobudlelwano obunobungane nobomndeni obuthuthukiswe lapho. Ukuze enze lokhu, uqala ukuxhumana nomunye wabesifazane, okuthi ngalesi sikhathi angazali ingane. Uhlale emgijimisa, evikela, elala eduze kwakhe, emgona.
Uma insikazi iqala ukumbheka, wenza ubuso bese eqala ukunyakaza ngendlela exakile. Lokhu kusikhumbuza ngandlela-thile imidanso yokukhwelana. Lapho insikazi ithatha isinqumo sokukhwelana nendoda entsha, iyayivumela ukuthi ibhulashe ingubo yayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi manje sebeshadile. Ngamanye amagama, uba "yisihluthulelo" noma "ukudlula" kuye emhlambini omusha, ngoba manje owesilisa uqala ukujwayelana nezihlobo nabangane bakhe, kancane kancane abe yingxenye yomndeni omusha.
Izinkawu zihamba ngemilenze emine futhi zigcina umsila wazo usezingeni elingu-45-90 degrees emzimbeni. Lapho zihamba ngomhlambi, umsila wazo uphakanyiswe phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke baxwayisa amanye amaqembu ama-primates mayelana nendlela yabo.
Abantu bathintwa kalula, futhi bayantshontsha futhi bacele ngawo wonke amathuba. Uma isilwane sibona ukuthi ukuxhumana nomuntu sekuyingozi, kumane kunqume ukubaleka, kunokuba kuyiwe empini. Imfene nayo kulula ukuyithambisa.
Njengoba esephenduke isilwane, akasoze acabanga ngokubaleka futhi, uzoba umngani omkhulu nesilwane esihle kakhulu. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babekubheka njengokunethezeka okukhulu ukuba nesilwane esinjalo semvu encane emakhaya abo. Futhi uHamadryl imfene wayebhekwa njengonkulunkulu futhi wahlonishwa ngabaseGibhithe ngegama lesidlaliso elithi Babi.
Lezi yizilwane ezinamandla kakhulu futhi akuyona yonke inyamazane engabhekana nazo. Izimfene zingamelana nengonyama, ihlosi, ingulule, izimpungushe nezimpisi. Isu labo ukwenza ulayini, ukumboza izingane, nokukhombisa amazinyo abo, ukuqala ukubambana.
Izinhlobo zemfene
Ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko zalezi zinkawu:
- IMfene Yomnqumo YaseGuine... Lolu hlobo luhlala eNew Guinea kuphela. Inombala wejazi ongavamile wezihlobo zawo, okungukuthi omnqumo obucayi noma omnyama. Ihluke ngesisindo semfene emaphakathi ngama-2-3 kilograms.
- Hamadrila... Kwehluka ngokubukeka kuphela ngekhala elibomvu.
- Imfene "chacma"... Uyehluka ekukhuleni. Usayizi womzimba ungaphansi kuka-15 cm, okungukuthi, ungama-cm 60 kuphela, futhi umsila ungama-cm 50. Isisindo singaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-3-4
- Imfene Ephuzi... Lolu uhlobo lwemfene olujwayelekile olwaziwa yibo bonke, luvame kakhulu. Umbala wejazi uphuzi ngezinto ezinsundu. Isisindo esingu-7-10 kg, ubude bomzimba ngama-75 cm, umsila ngama-60 cm.
- Imfene ebomvu... Ihluka ngombala obomvu ogqamile wengxenye yayo yomzimba "ngaphansi komsila".
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izimfene ezijwayelekile eziphuzi zihlala e-Afrika Ephakathi neseMpumalanga. Bathanda isimo sezulu esifudumele, ama-steppes nama-savannah. Futhi zingatholakala kaningi emahlathini. Bathanda ukucasha ezihlahleni ebusuku, bezinikeza ubusuku obujwayelekile, obunokuthula.
Ezintabeni, izinkawu zithanda ukuba ngaphansi kwazo zonke, yize ezinye izinhlobo zingatholakala lapho. Uma bethola umgodi omuhle wokunisela, bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo. Bathanda nemizana nezindlu ezenziwe ngabantu, umhlaba wezolimo, amasimu, izingadi zemifino. Bavame ukugasela futhi bantshontshe ukudla okuningi.
Izimfene, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, zihlala ziyimihlambi. Bayazijabulisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuba wedwa kuyisijeziso sabo. Ngendlela, kungukuxoshwa emhlambini okuyihlazo nokuhlukunyezwa okubulalayo kwezilwane ezinjalo. Umndeni uyikho konke kubo. Zondla ndawonye, zizingela, zizivikele, zikhulise amaphuphu azo, zihambehamba. Ngisho noma enye yezinkawu ifuna ukuhamba, umhlambi wonke uyamlandela.
Imvamisa eqenjini lezimfene kubonakala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukubulawa kwezinsana. Ngamanye amagama, kulapho-ke lapho izilwane ezibhangqa zihlukana ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Lokhu ukuya ocansini okwesikhashana okuvame ukuzuzisa abesilisa abangama-rookie. Bazi kahle insikazi, bese kuthi ngokulimala kwakhe bajoyine ikoloni, bese kuthi lapho sebethole igunya, bashiye omunye nomunye abakhethiwe.
Kepha kukhona naleyo mibhangqwana ebihlale iminyaka ndawonye. Abanye bangaba ndawonye njalo, kepha bangaze bathintane. Abanye bangagona njalo, balale ndawonye, kepha ngasikhathi sinye babe nabalingani abaningana, okungukuthi, babe nesithembu.
Izimfene ziyaphila ngaphezulu kwendawo ebanzi. Indawo yokuhlala komhlambi owodwa isukela kumakhilomitha-skwele ayi-13 kuye kwangama-20. Kepha le akuyona imingcele echazwe ngokucacile. Zingaguqulwa, zihluke futhi zihlanganiswe neminye imikhakha.
Isibonelo, into ejwayelekile kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kwemihlambi eminingana ibe munye. Isizathu salokhu umgodi owodwa wokunisela. Izinkawu zihlanganyela indawo nomakhelwane bazo, bahlanganisa indawo yabo kuze kube yilapho omunye wabo ethatha isinqumo sokuhamba.
Ukuhamba komhlambi kwenzeka ngendlela yekoloni. Ngemuva kukhona abamele abanamandla kakhulu bohlobo, hhayi labo abakulawulayo, maphakathi kukhona abesifazane abanamazinyane amancane, ababazungezile ngabantu abaneminyaka yobudala ephakathi nangaphezulu. Ezinhlangothini kukhona abesilisa, futhi ngaphambili - umbhangqwana oyinhloko, okhombisa indlela nokuxwayisa ngengozi.
Lapho kuvela isitha, umhlambi uhlelwa kabusha ube ikoloni lokuzivikela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abesilisa abanamandla kakhulu baya phambili, bonke abanye baya emuva, abesifazane ezinhlangothini, nezingane phakathi nendawo, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okuthembekile kwabantu abadala. Lapho izitha zihlasela, abesilisa balayini kulayini owodwa oqhubekayo, kuthi abesifazane abanezingane bahlakazeke ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, baphazamise isitha. Akaqondi ukuthi uzogijimela bani.
Uma ngesikhathi sokuphunyuka eyodwa yepakethe ilimele, ishiywa. Akukho angakwenza ukusiza iphakethe, futhi naye angamsiza. Zodwa, izinkawu azisindi, ngakho-ke uma yalimala, lokhu kusho kuphela ukufa okuseduze. Ososayensi bathi izimfene zisindiswa kuphela yinhlangano nobumbano lwazo.
Futhi, ukuze zivikeleke kanye nomhlambi wazo, izinkawu zisebenzisana kahle nezinhlwathi namanye ama-artiodactyls, ngoba anethuku elicashile, ngakho-ke, anuka isilwane esidla amakhilomitha ambalwa. Uma bebaleka, iphakethe liqala ukulungiselela ukuphunyuka noma ukuzivikela.
Noma uma izimfene zikhala kakhulu, izinhlwathi zizwa ingozi bese ziqala ukubaleka. Lesi akusona isibonelo sokuqala sezimfene eziphuzi ezihlangana nezinye izilwane ezinenjabulo: umuzwa wokuhogela, ukubona ngamehlo nokuzwa okuhle.
Ntambama, lapho umhlambi uphephile, wonke umuntu udlile, waya emgodini wokunisela futhi angaphumula, umsebenzi omkhulu wezimfene uqala - ukuhlanza uboya kusuka kuma-parasites. Lapha usuvele ubona igunya labathile phakathi komhlambi.
Uma owesilisa oyinhloko, inhloko yeqembu, enqume ukuphumula, abesifazane abaningi ngokushesha baphendukela kuye futhi baqala ukuhlanza uboya bakhe kuma-parasites. Okulandelayo emugqeni kukhona "abafazi" abakhulu nezingane zabo. Okunye kusuliwe ekugcineni, kusizwana.
Izinqubo ezinjalo azikhanyi nje kuphela ukuzilibazisa kwezilwane, kepha futhi ziyasiza kakhulu njenge-prophylaxis yokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane ezingafuneki emzimbeni. Ukuhlanganisa uboya ngeminwe yakho, izinwele zeminwe, ukuhlanza ukungcola nezinye izinqubo ezifanayo kunika izinkawu injabulo enkulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona ukuthi bawavala kanjani amehlo abo kule nqubo, abanye baze balale.
Ukuze uchithe ubusuku ngokuphepha, umhlambi ukhuphuka eziqongweni zezihlahla ezide ukuze uzihlukanise nezinyoka, izinyoni nezinye izilwane ezizingelayo ezizingela izilwane zasebusuku. Balala ngokugona omunye nomunye, bazotha ngemfudumalo yozakwethu. Lapho nje kuqala ukusa, izimfene zehla ezihlahleni ziqhubeke nohambo lwazo.
Izimfene zihlala zinobungane futhi zithembekile. Uma omunye wabo esengozini kusuka epakethe, wonke umuntu ngokushesha ugijimela ukuyihlunga bese egcina isilwane. Imvamisa izimpi ezinjalo zenzeka phakathi kwabesifazane. Balwela ukudla kanye negunya ephaketheni. Izingane zenani elikhulu lomndeni. Bahlala ndawonye nabantu abadala, bathuthukisa kancane kancane amakhono abo okusinda.
Ukuhamba okuncane kunakho konke, kubambelele eboyeni bukanina. Abesifazane abanezingane banobuchule obukhulu, bangabaleka ngokushesha noma bagxume ezihlahleni uma kunengozi. Lapho zihlaselwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye, ziyavikelwa kwasekuqaleni bese zidluliselwa phambili, zinikeze ithuba lokuphunyuka. Uma izingxabano ziqala emhlambini, akekho onelungelo lokuhlasela lowo ophethe umntwana.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izimfene zithathwa njengesinye sezilwane ezikhetheka kakhulu. Badla cishe yonke into. Bangaphakelwa kalula nganoma yikuphi ukudla, isinkwa, inyama, utshani, noma yini. Iphuzu elilodwa futhi elibaluleke kakhulu ngamanzi. Ngaphandle kwayo, izilwane ngeke zikwazi ukuhlala usuku. Ekushiseni, lapho kungekho mgodi wokunisela, basindiswa ngamaconsi amazolo asekuseni, asezitshalweni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngoboya babo uqobo.
Kusukela ekudleni kwansuku zonke komhlambi wasendle wezimfene, imbewu, izithelo, izitshalo, izimpande, amaqabunga omile futhi aluhlaza, ama-bulb wezitshalo ezihluma angahlukaniswa. Ziphinde zondle izinhlanzi ezincane, izikele, amagundane, iminenke, amabhungane.
Ezinye izinambuzane, izibankwa, izinyoka ezincane. Ukudla abakuthandayo ngamachwane noma amaqanda ezinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi zizingela izingane zezinyamazane, ezivame ukuzithola zisebenzisana nazo noma endaweni efanayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amabhangqa ezimfene angaba nobudlelwano obuhlukile. Abanye abantu banabanye abalingani babo, kanti abanye bahlala bendawonye, kepha abayi ocansini. Ngalesi sizathu, uhlobo lwesibili lwemibhangqwana luyahlukana - owesifazane uqala ukuya ocansini namanye amadoda, akhulise igunya lakhe futhi, ekutholeni ubuholi emhlambini, ashiye akhethiwe.
Ukulungela komzimba komuntu wesifazane kubonakala ngokushesha - lo ngumbala wakhe obomvu ogqamile wabapristi kanye nokuvela kokuvuvukala ezindaweni ezisondelene (lokhu akusebenzi ezinhlotsheni ezinjalo: imfene ebomvu nehamadryas). Kwabesifazane abangakaze bazale, lokhu kuvuvuka kuyabonakala kakhulu, kungafinyelela kumaphesenti ayi-15-20 esisindo somzimba esiphelele.
Kulula kwabesilisa ukuzikhethela owesifazane. Inhloko yephakethe inelungelo lokuhlangana nanoma ngubani, abaholi banelungelo lokuhlangana namaphesenti angama-80 abo bonke abesifazane. Eminye imibhangqwana, cishe amaphesenti ayi-10-15 eqembu, ihlala ndawonye iminyaka.
Futhi, inkinga ejwayelekile ukuphuma kwamaduna asemhlambini ukuze athole umndeni omusha, abe ngumholi lapho futhi aqale ubudlelwane nowesifazane onegunya.
Imfene, esanda kuzalwa, inengubo emnyama. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, kancane kancane uqala ukukhanyisa, futhi abe umbala ofanayo nowabazali bakhe. Izingane zihlala ngaphansi kweso nokunakekelwa kwabantu abadala, kanye nabafowabo nodadewabo.
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa kaningi aziphili. Ngemuva kokushona kwengane, abesifazane bahamba nabo izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngoba abafuni ukuhlukana, abakholelwa ekufeni kwabo.
Lezi zilwane zingaphila kahle ema-zoo. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila endle yiminyaka engama-35-40. Ngokunakekelwa kahle, ukudla okunomsoco nokunakekelwa, izimfene zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50. Zivame ukutholakala kuma-zoo njengoba zinobungane futhi zithanda ukuxhumana nabantu.
