UZander inhlanzi ejwayelekile evamile - ephakathi nendawo. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zibheka i-pike perch njengenye yezinhlobo zomndeni we-perch. Abadobi - njengento yokudoba ukugembula. Abapheki nabomama - njengesisekelo sezinhlanzi zokudla.
I-pike perch ijwayelekile emifuleni emaphakathi nengenkulu ye-Eurasia. Enyakatho, itholakala emilonyeni yemifula yaseSiberia. EMpumalanga Ekude, ingabanjwa emanzini eLake Hanko. Eningizimu wazi kahle imifula namachibi ase-Anatolia. Entshonalanga, i-pike perch iphethe zonke izindawo ezinamanzi ahlanzekile aseYurophu.
Incazelo nezici
UZander — inhlanzi esidla inyama. Kufana namanzi amabili angenasawoti, izilwane ezidume kakhulu nezisebenzayo: i-perch ne-pike. Umzimba we-pike-perch unjenge-pike-like, uhlangane, unezinhlangothi ezicindezelwe kancane. Iqala ngempumulo ekhonjiwe, ethayiwe.
Umlomo, njengoba kufanele isilwane, mkhulu. Yomibili imihlathi inemigqa ehlukene kakhulu, emibili emihlathini engezansi kuthi emibili ngaphezulu. Amazinyo amancane, abukhali, athambile atholakala ngemuva naphakathi kwama-canines. Ngokusobala, into enjalo yomhlathi wamazinyo iyakwazi ukubamba futhi ibambe izinhlanzi eziphila kakhulu.
Ukuze ubambe inyamazane, kufanele uqale uyibone futhi uzizwe. Uhlelo olubukwayo luhlobo oluyinhloko lokubona i-pikeperch ethembele kulo. Amehlo ezinhlanzi makhulu, ayindingilizi, ane-iris ensundu. Emifuleni nasemachibini, amanzi awahlali ecacile ngokuphelele. Kepha umbono we-zander awuphumeleli.
Amakhala atholakala emthambekeni ongaphambili wekhanda le-zander: izimbobo ezimbili phambi kweso ngalinye. Kusuka kubo kunezindima zangaphakathi ezithweni zephunga. Ngokungafani nezitho zokuthola iphunga, insiza yokuzwa ye-pike perch ayinazo izesekeli zangaphandle. Umsindo udluliselwa ngamathambo ogebhezi kuye kwezinzwa zokuzwa ezingakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla. I-pike perch inokuzwa okuhle. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi inhlanzi iyezwa imisindo ekhishwa osebeni, isibonelo, izinyathelo zabantu.
Ngokungafani nokuzwa, izitho zokunambitha ku-pike perch azikahlolwa. Kepha kunjalo. Angamaqembu amangqamuzana amukelayo ezwelayo asakazeke emlonyeni nasemzimbeni wonke. Amaseli wezinzwa enza umsebenzi wokuthinta. Azenzelwe indawo ethize. I-pike perch "izwa ngesikhumba" ithinta.
Isitho sezinhlanzi esiyingqayizivele kunazo zonke ulayini ohlangothini. Kugijima umzimba wonke. Ingxenye engaphansi kwesikhumba yomugqa iyisiteshi esinamaseli abucayi. Ixhunywe emhlabeni wangaphandle ngemigodi emincane. Ithumela imininingwane ebuchosheni bezinhlanzi mayelana nokuqondisa namandla okugeleza kwamanzi. Inhlanzi engasaboni emehlweni ingasinda ngokusekelwe olwazini oluvela eceleni kuphela.
Ku-pike-perch, umugqa we-lateral uyabonakala kuwo wonke ubude bendima yawo. Iqala kuma-operculums. Zihlelwe njengekhekhe le-puff: okokuqala kukhona ama-liners, bese kuba izivalo, bese kuba izivalo, bese kuthi ekugcineni kube khona ngaphambili. Lo mklamo uhlinzeka ngokuvulwa nokuvalwa okunokwethenjelwa kwemigqa yama-gill.
I-dorsal fin iqala ezingeni lapho i-gill ihlanganisa khona. Ihlala cishe wonke umugqa wokugcwala komzimba futhi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Owokuqala uqukethe izinhlayiya eziyi-12-15. Ingxenye yesibili ye-dorsal fin isuselwa emisebeni ecishe ibe ngama-20. Lapho kuvulwa, ingquza yomgogodla wepikisi, ikakhulukazi isigamu sayo sokuqala, iyafana nefinishi yentshe futhi ayisiyisi ngaphansi kwayo ngokuqina.
Lapho i-dorsal fin iphela nge-zander, umsila uqala. Iphinde ibe ne-homocercal, symmetrical fin enama-lobes anamandla. Usayizi nokuklanywa komphetho kubonisa ukuthi ingeyenhlanzi esheshayo.
Njenge-dorsal fin, umsila we-tail, ngaphandle kwalokho i-anal fin ye-pike perch ayibhangqiwe. Ihlome ngama-spikes ama-3, embozwe kancane ngesikhumba. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba we-pike perch ifakwe ama-propellants amabili ngaphezulu: amaphiko we-pectoral kanye ne-pelvic. Zombili izitho zokubhukuda zihlangene, ziyalingana.
Izilinganiso zomzimba, imininingwane yokwakheka, izinzwa zibheke ebukhoneni bokudla. Isici semvelo sepiki perch ukugwinya kokudla okuphelele. Kwesinye isikhathi ziyizinhlanzi ezinamakhaza, amaxoxo, kepha imvamisa ziyizinhlanzi. I-ruff ebanjiwe ingaba nkulu noma incane, kepha ihlala ihlikihla njalo.
Ngakho-ke, i-pharynx ne-esophagus ye-pike perch inamandla futhi inwebeka. Isisu asikho nokunwebeka okuncane. Zonke izitho zangaphakathi ze-pike perch zifakwe ngokuhlangana engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba futhi zisondele ekhanda ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokwengxenye hamba ngaphansi kweziguli.
Isifunda sesisu cishe sikhululekile. Kugcwala lapho umcengezi egwinya inhlanzi. Isisu esikhubazekile sithatha indawo ebingenalutho phambilini. Ngemuva kokugwinya inhlanzi, i-pike perch ilinda ukuthi igaywe ngokuphelele, kuphela ngemuva kwalokho iqale ukuzingela.
Izinhlobo
I-pike perch ejwayelekile inezihlobo ezimbalwa. Bonke bangabomndeni wakwaPercidae, igama elijwayelekile lomndeni yi-perch. Uhlobo lapho kugcinwa khona izinhlobo ze-pike-perch linegama lesayensi iSander. Kufaka izinhlobo ezi-9.
- I-pike perch ejwayelekile. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu nolwaziwayo. Igama lakhe lesistimu nguSander lucioperca.
- Pike perch ophuzi. Okwahlukanisa izinto eziphilayo kufakiwe ngaphansi kwegama elithi Sander vitreus. Ngombala okhanyayo wamaphiko, lolu hlobo luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-pike perch perch.
- Izinhlobo zaseNyakatho Melika yindawo yaseCanada. Kutholakala eMfuleni iSt. Lawrence, usuyazi kahle imifula kanye namachibi ayo afakwe kulolu hlelo lwamanzi. ISander canadensis yigama lesayensi lalomuntu ohlala eNew World.
- I-sea pike perch - okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezihwebe amanzi amasha omfula namachibi olwandle. Uhlala ezindaweni zaseCaspian nezasogwini lweLwandle Olumnyama. Igama lesiLatini nguSander marinus.
- Ubuningi bendawo yaseRussia yiyona ndawo yaseVolga pike perch. Abadobi nabantu bendawo bakubiza nge-bersh. Le nhlanzi ayithathwa njenge-pike perch, kepha ithathwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile zezinhlanzi ezidlayo. Yize i-bersh iwuhlobo lwe-pike perch enegama lohlelo iSander olgensis.
I-pike perch inamagama amaningi afanayo. Izakhamizi zasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ziyazi ipherki yaseLadoga, abadobi baseNovgorod babamba i-Ilmen pike perch, abahlali baseKarelia badoba ipherki yaseChelmuzh. Kukhona amanye amagama endawo: I-Syrdarya pike perch, i-Ural pike perch, i-Amudarya pike perch, i-Kuban pike perch, i-Don pike perch, umfula pike perch... Lapho bekhuluma nge-pike perch bebonke, balibiza leli gama ngaphandle kweziqu nezichasiso, basho okujwayelekile kwepiki. Angabhekwa ngokufanele njengenhloko ye-pike perch genus.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
I-pike perch ejwayelekile iyinhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti, kepha itholakala ngezindlela ezimbili: umhlali, umhlali noma itundra, ne-semi-anadromous. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zikubheke njengokudla ezindaweni lapho imifula ihlanganisa khona imifudlana yayo namanzi anosawoti olwandle njengecebo elingcono kakhulu lokusinda. Ukuqhubeka nohlobo, zikhuphukela ezindaweni eziphezulu zemifula nemifudlana. I-semi-anadromous zander nayo iziphatha.
Ukuhlala kwayo unomphela kuhlotshaniswa nolwandle. Lokhu kungaba, isibonelo, indawo enamanzi amaningi anosawoti olwandle i-Azov noma iCaspian. Lapha uzondla nge-sprat, i-gobies, i-sabrefish. Ngokuzala, iphekhi le-pike perch lingena emifuleni futhi likhuphuke ngasemfudlaneni. Ngokuvamile ukuzala kwenzeka ebangeni elincane ukusuka olwandle, eVolga noma e-Ural delta.
I-semi-anadromous pike perch itholakala ngamanani amakhulu ezifundeni ezingasogwini lweBaltic. Igcina imilomo yemifula eGulfs yaseRiga naseFinland. Okwamanje, kanye nenqwaba yamanzi acwebile, kuthwala izinhlanzi emanzini asethekwini. I-pike perch iyazithanda izindawo ezinjalo futhi ihlala eduze kwamadamu, izindawo zokuphuza amanzi, izakhiwo ezinamanzi.
I-semi-anadromous pike perch imvamisa inkulu kuneyokuhlala. Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi ipeki, elingasheleli olwandle ukuze lidliwe, linokudla okuncane njengokudla. Izinhlobo zokuhlala ze-zander zikhetha imifula, amachibi, nezinqolobane zemvelaphi eyahlukahlukene njengendawo yokuhlala kwazo njalo. Izimo eziyinhloko: udinga amanzi amaningi, futhi ikhwalithi yalo kufanele ibe phezulu.
Kulechibi elikhethelwe impilo yonke, ipiki perch ithola izindawo ezijulile. Ngezansi, ukutholakala kwama-snags namatshe kuyathandeka. I-pike perch inezidingo eziphakeme enhlabathini engezansi. Ukhohlakele ezindaweni ezimumethe ulwelwe. Ikhetha izindawo ezinamadwala, ezinesihlabathi.
Ematsheni anjalo, "ama-glades" anesihlabathi i-pike perch iya ukuzingela. Lokhu ikwenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. I-pike perch ikhetha amahora amaningana osuku ukuphumula. Ayichitha phakathi kwamatshe neziqubu echibini elakhiwe.
Ukudoba i-pike perch
UZander ubanjwa noma ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Esinye sezikhathi ezihamba phambili zalokhu ubusika. Isipuni kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekana. Esikhundleni sakhe kwafakwa i-balancer. Lolu uhlobo lwegiya lwesimanjemanje. Kanye nasemanzini avulekile, i-zander ingathathwa ku-tulle.
Ngalolu hlobo lokudoba, izinhlanzi ze-tulka zithengwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Igcinwa esiqandisini kuze kudotshwe. Eqhweni ungachitha izinhlanzi ezingama-20-25 ngosuku. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi izoletha malini i-pike perch.
Ngokudoba okuphumelelayo kwe-pike perch, akukho ukubhekana okuhle ngokwanele, udinga ulwazi lwedamu, izindawo lapho kungama khona i-pike perch enkulu. Okusho ukuthi, izimbobo, imingxunya enezingci ezansi. Ubusika, ukudotshwa mpo kunikeza amathuba amancane okubamba.
Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, ukutholakala kwepiki perch kungancipha. Ngokuncibilika kweqhwa, iqhwa, amanzi aqala ukufika. Okwamanje, udinga ukuthatha induku yokuphotha. Ukuthola izindawo lapho kuhlala khona i-pike perch akunzima kangako. Entwasahlobo, ihlangana ngemihlambi emincane ehlala eduze kwemigodi yobusika.
Izintambo eziphotha ezansi zingenye yezindlela zokuthola iphekhi. Isibonelo esisodwa esithathiwe sibonisa ukuthi ama-jigging kufanele aqhubeke kule ndawo. Umbono olula onjalo usivumela ukuthi sibambe izinhlanzi ezifanelekile zasentwasahlobo.
Ukufika kwentwasahlobo kuqondana nokuqala kwenkathi yokuzala: i-pike perch izuza isisindo ngaphambi kokuzala. Okwamanje, induku ephothayo ikuvumela ukuthi ubambe izinhlanzi ngesithiyelo esihluke kakhulu: isipuni noma isifutho esifanayo. Ngesikhathi sokuzala kanye nesikhathi esithile ngemuva kwaso, i-pike perch ayisabeli kumaqhinga omdobi.
Isuka enjabulweni ekhiphayo, inhlanzi ivuselela i-zhor yayo. Inhlanzi ngezikhathi ezithile ikhombisa ukuzikhethela: iqala ukulahla izithiyo ezazisebenza phambilini ngokungenaphutha. Ngokuvamile, intwasahlobo yisikhathi esinzima sezinhlanzi. Ukuthola indlela yokuyisebenzisa, umdobi kufanele aqhubeke njalo afune izindawo ezihamba phambili nezithiyelo ezinhle kakhulu.
I-Trolling yindlela esanda kusetshenziswa yokudoba. Kungabhekwa njengendlela yesimanje yokudoba ethrekhi. Okuthunyelwe ngale ndlela kuyasebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo.
Ama-spinner ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa njengesiheho sokunyathelwa. Ama-Wobblers athandwa kakhulu. Isithiyelo esifanele nokujula okufakwa kuso kuyizinto ezimbili ze-troll ephumelelayo ye-zander. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ubukhulu zander esithombeni.
Abadobi abathambekele ezindleleni zendabuko bakhetha ukudoba bukhoma ngokuheha. Kule nguqulo, okuningi kuya ngobungqabavu, ukuhamba kwenhlanzi yombhobho. Ama-girders avame ukukhethwa njengemishini ejwayelekile. Lokhu ukubhekana okuqinisekisiwe okusebenza ngempumelelo kokubili ehlobo nasebusika.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-zander yesibungu esanda kuzalwa idla nge-zooplankton, zonke izinhlobo zama-diaptomuses, ama-cyclops. Njengoba ikhula, idlulela ezibungwini zezinambuzane, ezinye izinhlanzi, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Bese onoshobishobi nezinhlanzi ezincane zifakwa ekudleni.
Amafomu okuhlala kanye nama-semi-anadromous anokudla okufanayo. Kepha i-pike-perch ehlala ezindaweni lapho imifula igelezela olwandle inokukhetha okubanzi. Isisulu abahlangana naso sikhulu, ngakho sikhula ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga inzuzo eyengeziwe yamafutha ukuze bahambele izindawo lapho ukuzala kwe-zander.
Lapho uthola ukudla kusuka ku-pike perch, ukuvela okuhlobene nokwakheka kwezitho zayo zangaphakathi kuvela. Ngemuva kokugwinya inyamazane enkulu noma engaphansi, i-pike perch isukuma endaweni yokukhosela eseduze kwetshe noma izinkuni ezikhukhulayo bese ilinda ukuphela kokugaywa kwenhlanzi ebanjiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho ubuyela ezindaweni zakhe zokuzingela.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Kuwo wonke uhla lwayo, ipiki perch iqala ukulungiselela ukuzala ngoFebhuwari-Ephreli. I-semi-anadromous zander ingena emfuleni i-delta. Ingazala kusukela ogudle ulwandle iye ezindaweni eziqhele ngamakhilomitha amaningana ngenhla.
Izala eVolga nase-Ural delta ihlala amasonto ama-2-3, kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi 5-10. E-Kura efudumele, i-pike perch izala amasonto afanayo e-2-3, kepha isenzo siqala ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
Ngokuzala, imifudlana, amachibi, amagatsha agcwele emfula, amadamu anomsinga obuthakathaka akhethiwe. Abesifazane bezinkukhu ezijwayele ukubekwa bazalela amaqanda abo ebangeni elifushane ukusuka ogwini. Noma yiziphi izinto ezingaphansi kwamanzi zifaneleka njengesisekelo sokubeka i-caviar: izinkuni zokukhukhumeza, izimpande, amatshe.
Inqubo yokuzala ayivamile. Ngaphambi kokuzala, owesilisa uhlanza indawo lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona izidleke. Ngemuva kwalokho kudalwa umbhangqwana. Owesilisa uletha okhethiwe endaweni efanelekile ukuzala. Insikazi yehlisa ikhanda, iphakamise umsila, izithole isesimeni esicishe simile.
Inqubo yokukhishwa kwe-caviar iqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, owesifazane akenzi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe. Ukuqhamuka kwamaqanda kukhuthazwa ukujikajika komsila. IMahalkas, njengoba abadobi beyibiza kanjalo, iyabonakala ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ziyabonakala ngamanani amakhulu ezindaweni zokuzalela kwepiki.
I-pike perch perch ihamba eduze kwesifazane futhi ikhipha ubisi. I-pike perch caviar yehlela esidlekeni. Ngaphambi kokuba amaqanda ahlangane abe yisisindo esivamile, anethuba elihle lokukhulelwa. Iqanda ngalinye lenhlanzi alidluli ububanzi obungu-1-1.5 mm. Insikazi ingabeletha kusuka kuma-100 kuya ku-300 ayizinkulungwane zamaphayinti.
Igobolondo le-caviar linamathela, ngakho-ke lonke ivolumu lamaqanda ligcinwe liqinile "esidlekeni". Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, owesilisa uvikela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo - ukunqwabelana kwamaqanda. Uxosha abantu abaningi besikhathi esizayo abafuna ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esebenza ngamaphiko, ihlela indlela yamanzi ezungeze i-clutch, inikeze ukufinyelela kumaqanda e-oxygen. Ngaphezulu "kwesidleke" iphekhi le-pike limi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izibungu.
I-pike perch perch, esezalile, ishiya indawo yayo yokuhlala unomphela. I-semi-anadromous pike perch slide phansi olwandle. Amafomu okuhlala aya ezindaweni ezihlanzekile, ezijulile zomfula, echibini, echibini. Amaviki angu-1.5-2 ngemuva kokuzalwa kwenzalo, i-pike perch perch ilandela indlela efanayo neyesifazane.
Intengo
Ezitolo zezinhlanzi ezifuywayo, kunikezwa i-pike perch perch evela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaseRussia. Izinhlanzi ezingasetshenzisiwe zidayiswa ngama-ruble angama-250-350. ngekhilogremu ngayinye. Okubiza kakhulu yi-pike perch fillet: ama-ruble angama-300-400. Ezifundeni ezikude nezindawo lapho kubanjwa futhi kukhuliswe ipiki perch, amanani angaphakama.
I-pike perch ingahlukaniswa njengenhlanzi enenani eliphakathi. Kwezinye izitsha, kungcono ukusebenzisa ngqo ipiki perch... Isibonelo, i-aspic. Lesi sikhalazo sinikezwa uNyaka Omusha, isikhumbuzo, umgubho. Kukhona okuthile okuthokozisayo mayelana nepeki yesango uqobo.
Lo moya uhambelana nesitsha "i-Royal Pike perch". Iresiphi ifaka amakhowe, mhlawumbe i-porcini. Inhlanzi ihlanjululwa imizuzu engu-20-25 enhlanganisweni yesosi yesosi nejusi likalamula. Bese kuthosiwe. Izicucu zephekhi zigcwaliswa ngamakhowe athosiwe, imifino, amakhambi ngisho noshizi.
Izitsha eziningi ze-pike perch azinzima kangako. Ziqukethe inani elincane lezithako. UZander — inhlanzi, ukupheka engadingi amakhono akhethekile. Kepha ukudla okumnandi, okunempilo futhi okwemvelo kwepiki perch kutholakala njalo.
