Incazelo nezici
Ezinyoni zasemanzini eziphila emhlabeni, umndeni wedada uthathwa njengowuningi kakhulu. Leli qembu lezinyoni nalo lasendulo. Futhi leli qiniso ubufakazi obungenakuphikwa - izinsalela zezinsalela zamandulo zokhokho bangaphambi komlando.
Phakathi kokutholwa kokuqala kakhulu, mhlawumbe, yiNyakatho Melika, cishe eneminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-50 ubudala. Izinhlobo zesimanje, inani lazo cishe eliyikhulu nesigamu, zihlanganisiwe zaba ngamashumi amane (futhi ngokusho kokunye ukulinganisa). Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, eziningi zazo zazithanjiswa ngabantu futhi zakhuliswa ngempumelelo ukuze zithole amaqanda, inyama emnandi, kanye ne-fluff yekhwalithi ethambile.
Kodwa indaba yethu akuyona neze ezasekhaya, kodwa ngabamele bendabuko bomndeni, noma ikakhulukazi mayelana nokungajwayelekile inyoni ye-turpanitholakala e-Eurasia, kanye nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-Afrika kanye nezwekazi laseMelika.
Kumadada ezikanye nawo, lezi zidalwa zigqama ngobukhulu bazo obukhulu; Zidume ngokukhethekile kwazo, yize zinokunambitheka okunezinhlanzi, inyama, enothe ngamafutha aphulukisa amawolintshi, futhi ibuye ibe ne-fluff yekhwalithi enhle engagcinwa isikhathi eside.
Kodwa konke lokhu akulutho uma kuqhathaniswa nobungqayizivele bezidalwa ezinjalo zemvelo, njengabamele uhlobo olusengozini yezilwane ezinamaphiko. Inani labantu emhlabeni jikelele lalibaliwe, ngokusho kokulinganiselwa eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, hhayi kuphela amakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4,5, kepha kulezi zinsuku livame ukwehla.
Ukuzingela izinyoni ezichazwe, ngaphezu kokufa ngengozi kwabantu abangaqaphile kumanetha abadobi, kwaba yisizathu esinciphisayo sokwehla kwenani labo. Futhi-ke, ezweni lethu, ukudubula nokubamba lolu hlobo lwamadada asendle kubhekwa njengomsebenzi onqatshelwe. Futhi emakhasini eNcwadi Ebomvu, igama lale nhlobo yombuso wezimpaphe sekuyisikhathi eside libhaliwe, njengokunyamalala nokungajwayelekile ukutholakala emvelweni.
I-scoop ejwayelekile ifinyelela kubukhulu obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-58. Amadrake anekhanda elikhulu, akhiwe ngobuningi (abesilisa), aqoshwe ngombala omnyama wamalahle onombala ocashile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, anesisindo esingaba ikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu. Kepha "izintokazi", okungukuthi, amadada, anomusa ngokuthe xaxa, futhi anesisindo esingamagremu angamakhulu amathathu ngaphansi.
Izimpaphe zezinsikazi zinsundu onsundu noma nsundu. Inhloko yezinyoni ezinjalo ihlotshiswe ngamabala amhlophe ngenhla komlomo nasendaweni yezindlebe, imvamisa enjalo amamaki anqamula amehlo. Ehlobo, abameleli bobulili bobabili banomthunzi ofanayo wezimpaphe, kwezinye izikhathi, amadada alula kunabesilisa abamnyama, ngenkathi anamehlo ansundu, kepha ngokungafani nawo, irises yamadrake iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo.
Ngamathoni alusizi lapho imvelo yabonakalisa khona, izinyoni ezinjalo zazibizwa ngegama elithi "amadada adabukisayo". Lo muzwa wobumnyama wenziwa ukuhleleka okumhlophe kwamehlo, okwenza amehlo ezinyoni ezinjalo abonakale enengilazi, eqandayo.
Izici zesici salezi zidalwa yilezi:
- uphawu olumhlophe olubonakalayo emaphikweni ezinhlangothini zombili, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isibuko" futhi lwakhiwa umbala omhlophe njengeqhwa wezimpaphe zokundiza;
- isakhiwo esikhethekile somlomo obanzi nge-pineal bulge phansi;
- izitho ezisesimeni zihlehliswe ngokuqinile futhi zikhula cishe emsileni.
Ngombala wemilenze, phakathi kwezinye izimpawu ezisobala, kulula ukucacisa ubulili benyoni. Abesifazane bane-orange-yellow, kanti ama-cavaliers abo anezidladla ezibomvu ngokugqamile, ngaphezu kwalokho, anezinhlayiya zokubhukuda ezithuthukile.
Izwi likaTurpan hhayi umculo omnandi kakhulu. Izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezinjengalezi ingxenye enkulu zenza imisindo ye-quacking, i-squeaking, i-hars noma ye-hissing, kwesinye isikhathi ikhumbuza ukukhala kwamagwababa. Ama-drakes abubula kancane ngokuchofoza ukuhambisana.
Amadada ayaqhuma futhi amemeza kakhulu, ingxenye enkulu isemoyeni. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeYurophu, lapho zihlala khona ezifundeni zayo eziningi, kusukela eScandinavia kuya eSiberia.
Imvamisa kusuka ezindaweni ezingathandeki ngezikhathi ezibandayo bavame ukuhambisa indawo efudumele, ngokwesibonelo, bahlala ebusika emanzini aseCaspian, aMnyama nolunye ulwandlekazi lwaleli zwekazi. Laba bameleli bezilwane bahlala unyaka wonke emachibini asezintabeni e-Armenia naseGeorgia, nakwezinye izindawo.
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo lwe-turpan luhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana. Izinyoni ezifakwe kuleli qembu zifana kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekuziphatheni, ngokujwayelekile zihambisana nencazelo enikezwe ngenhla, kepha ziyehluka kuphela kweminye imininingwane yokubukeka kwazo, kanye nendawo yazo yokuhlala. Ake sicabangele ezinye zazo.
1. Isithuthuthu esinezimpumputhe umbala wezimpaphe ulungele le ncazelo engenhla ye-turpan ejwayelekile. Kuliqiniso, kwabanye abantu, izimpaphe zingaba nombala onsomi noma oluhlaza okotshani. Futhi amabala amhlophe asekhanda avame "ukufiphala" kakhulu futhi asabalala aye emuva kwekhanda.
Kepha isici esibaluleke kakhulu ngamakhala amakhulu, okuvela kuwo ukuvuvukala kwekhala, okubalulekile kubo bonke ama-scooter. Yingakho lokhu kuhluka kubizwa ngokuthi yi-hunchback.
Njengomthetho, indawo yokwakhiwa kwalezi zinyoni yizindawo ze-taiga zaseRussia, futhi uma zihamba ebusika zifuna izindawo ezifudumele, azikude kakhulu. Amachibi aseYakut abhekwa njengezwe lokuqala lezinyoni ezinjalo.
2. Isithuthuthu esinamabala uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zangaphambilini, incane ngosayizi, futhi izinyoni ezinjalo zikala ngokwesilinganiso cishe ikhilogremu. Umbala uyefana nengubo echazwe ngenhla yezihlobo. Kepha njengoba igama liphakamisa, umbala wamakhala uthakazelisa kakhulu, wakhiwe ngezindawo ezimhlophe ngemuva okumnyama ngokufakwa okubomvu, kwesinye isikhathi okudala amaphethini ahlekisayo.
Izinyoni ezinjalo ziyathula impela, zikhipha imisindo yokushwiba kanye nemisindo. Bahlala e-Alaska, bahlala emahlathini e-coniferous taiga, kanye namachibi amakhulu e-United States naseCanada. Futhi lapho inani labo likhulu kakhulu.
Kwenzeka ukuthi izihambi ezinezimpaphe zindiza ziye emazweni aseYurophu ebusika: izilwandle zaseNorway naseScotland. Ukuthi banqoba kanjani amabanga amade kangaka, nokuthi bakwazi kanjani ukusinda phakathi neziphepho neziphepho olwandle, akukaziwa ngokuqinisekile.
3. Isithuthuthu esimnyama (i-xinga) ekuziphatheni nasezimpawu zangaphandle ibukeka njenge-scooper ejwayelekile, kepha incane ngosayizi (isisindo cishe esingu-1300 g), nombala uhlukile, ikakhulukazi indawo nomthunzi wamabala.
Phakathi kwezici ezihlukile: indawo ephuzi endaweni yomlomo ophahleni obanzi, kanye nokungabikho kwendawo emhlophe emaphikweni, okuthiwa "isibuko esimhlophe". Ebusika, bobubili ubulili bunsundu ngokuthoni okumpunga ekhanda bese kuthi grey kumhlophe ngaphambili.
Ngentwasahlobo, amadrake abonakala eba mnyama, agqoke ingubo emnyama yomshado enamachaphaza amhlophe abonakala kancane. Umsila wezinyoni ukhonjisiwe, mude. Uqhwaku lwensikazi alunaso isigaxa sesici.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala ezifundeni eziningi zase-Eurasia. Ukusuka entshonalanga, uhla lwabo luqala ukusuka eBrithani, futhi, ngokudlula eRussia, ludlulela eJapan. Enyakatho, isuka eScandinavia iye eningizimu iye eMorocco.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Phakathi kwabamele umndeni wabo, ama-scoopers athathwa ngokufanele njengamadada amakhulu ngosayizi. Kepha ngokwesisindo somzimba, ngeke ziqhathaniswe nabazalwane basemakhaya abavilaphayo nabondlekile. Ukuhlala endle kubenze bakwazi ukuhamba kakhulu, basebenze, futhi ngenxa yalokho banomusa.
Ekuqaleni, bangabakhileyo enyakatho: iziqhingi ezinamadwala zale ngxenye yomhlaba, amadlelo asezintabeni ne-arctic tundra. ITurpan ihlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi, ikakhulukazi enamanzi amasha, kepha imvamisa enamanzi anosawoti. Ifuna ukuhlala eduze kwamachibi asezintabeni ajulile, agcwele umhlanga nemihlanga eminyene, ezindaweni ezincane ezinokuthula ezifudunyezwa yilanga, kanye nasezindaweni zasolwandle ezisogwini.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zivame ukushiya izindawo ezisenyakatho sekwephuzile, ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu - ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Bavame ukuthuthela ezindaweni zobusika ezinesimo sezulu esikahle futhi bandizele ogwini oluseningizimu imvamisa sekwedlule isikhathi ukwedlula omakhelwane babo, okungukuthi, abanye abamele izilwane ezinamaphiko. Futhi zibuyela emuva ngoMeyi, lapho amachibi asenyakatho asevele engenalo iqhwa ngokuphelele.
I-Turpan ngokwemvelo, isidalwa sizolile, kepha abantu banamahloni hhayi ngaphandle kwesizathu. Njengoba lezi zinyoni, njengawo wonke amadada, ziyizinyoni zasemanzini, kungokwemvelo ukuthi zibambelele kahle futhi zihambe emanzini, ngenkathi zivula isifuba, zolula izintamo zazo futhi ziphakamise amakhanda phezulu.
Njengoba zihlala olwandle, ziyakwazi ukusuka ogwini amabanga amade. Zisukelwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye, ziyacwila ngobunono futhi zinyamalale ngaso leso sikhathi, zicashe ekujuleni, njengokungathi ziyawa phansi. Kepha azikwazi ukubizwa ngama-virtuoso flyer. Zikhuphukela emoyeni kakhulu, kancane futhi ezindizeni ezijwayelekile zizama ukuhlala ziphansi ngokwanele.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Idada le-Scoop iqala ukubhukuda cishe kusukela ekuzalweni, ihamba kahle entweni yamanzi ogwini emanzini angajulile. Amanzi akuyona ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakhe, kepha futhi ungumhlengikazi. Futhi izinyoni ezinjalo zondla ngezitshalo zasemanzini, izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-mollusk, kanye nezibhobo ezincane nezinye izinambuzane ezizungeza eduze kwamachibi namachibi. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezinezimpaphe ziyakwazi ukudla nokufaka ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane, noma ngabe kuncane, ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Esikhathini esiningi, ukuze uphumelele ukondla inyoni enjalo, kufanele ucwilise amamitha ayishumi ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kepha lokhu akuyona inkinga yabatshuzi abahle, okungukuthi ama-scoopers. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingaba ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eminingana ngokuphelele ngaphandle kobunzima nokulimaza umzimba.
Zizizwa zikhulu futhi zihamba endaweni engaphansi kwamanzi, zigwedla ngamaphiko futhi zithinta izinyawo ezinezintambo. Kuliqiniso, akuhlali kukhona ukudla okwanele endaweni ekhethiwe, bese kuthi ekufuneni izinyoni kufanele zizulazule, ziphuphe ngokuthola izindawo ezicebile ngokudla.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izidleke zezinyoni ezinjalo zingatholakala budebuduze nemizimba yamanzi: ogwini, eduze nemifula namachibi otshanini obukhulu, kwesinye isikhathi phakathi kwamakholoni angenalutho. Kwezinye izimo, ngazimbili kwakhiwa ngisho nasekwindla ngasekupheleni noma ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwasebusika.
Futhi-ke, izinyoni zivame ukubuya ekuhambeni ezweni labo lokuzalwa, ngayinye isivele inomlingani wayo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi le nqubo isuka kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Futhi-ke, lapho efika ekhaya, ngemuva kokunyakaza okuphoqelelwe kwesizini, inani elikhulu labafakizicelo lingahlangana lizungeze abanye besifazane, bephikelela befuna indawo yakhe.
Amasiko wokukhwelana ngamadrake athandana nezintombi zawo ayenzeka emanzini. Futhi ziqukethe ukudlala ngothando, ukudilika emanzini nokubukeka okungalindelekile kusuka ekujuleni. Konke lokhu kuhambisana nokubekezela okungapheli, okukhulu, nokumema.
Amadada nawo ayakhala, kepha kuphela ngemuva kokukhwelana. Ngale misindo, benza imibuthano ephansi ngenhla komhlaba, bese bendizela ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, lapho bahlela khona obhasikidi abancane abaqoqekile-izindlu zamantshontsho, besika izindonga nangaphansi ngezansi zabo.
Ngokushesha, bakha ibhande lamaqanda ayi-oval amhlophe aluhlaza okotshani. Futhi sebewufezile umsebenzi wabo wemvelo nokuvikela izindawo zokwakha izidleke, amadrake ayahamba, ashiya izintombi zawo zodwa ukuba zinakekele inzalo. Futhi kuphela abesilisa abangashadile abaqoqana eduze ngethemba lokuthi basazothola umlingani.
Behlwitha izimpaphe kubo phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokufukamela, okuhlala cishe inyanga, ngenxa yalokho, "izintokazi" zibukeka zinamahloni kakhulu, kepha kuvela okombhede othambile ezintofontofo.
Ngaphezu kokuhlela indawo yokwakhiwa kwamatshe, amadada nawo abandakanyeka ekuvikeleni indawo ehlala abantu ekungenelweni. Ngokushesha kuzalwa amantshontsho ezingane, anesisindo esingeqile ku-60 g. Ambozwe okumpunga onsundu phansi, yize emhlophe ezihlathini nasesiswini.
Akuwona wonke amadada abesifazane alolu hlobo ababhekene. Eziningi, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, zishiya amazinyane azo unomphela, zingasafuni ukubanakekela. Yingakho izinga lokufa kwamachwane likhulu kakhulu.
Ukuzama ukusinda, ukubhukuda nokuthola ukudla emanzini, bafunda kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala. Kepha imvamisa, izingane ziyafa ngenxa yamakhaza, zizama ize ukufudumala, zigonane. Kepha abanye banenhlanhla.
Bathola izindaba zokugqugquzela, ngoba akubona bonke ama-scooter anganaki njengowesifazane. Kukhona labo abazama hhayi bona kuphela, kodwa futhi nabangane abangenangqondo, ngakho-ke kuze kufike emakhulwini ezingane zeminyaka ehlukahlukene abazilandelayo ngethemba lokuthola ukunakekelwa kwabazali.
Ekupheleni kwezinsuku ezifudumele, intsha iyakhula futhi ngokushesha ivuthwe ngokwanele ezindizeni zobusika ezizimele. Abantu abasha akudingeki bathembele osizweni lwabadala.
Abazali nabagcini ngalesi sikhathi sebevele bakhohliwe ngokuphelele ngobukhona babo, ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, bayandiza ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala, bengafuni ukuba nomthwalo endleleni. Futhi izinto ezihluphekayo kufanele zizisindise, ngoba noma ngubani wazo ongafudumali, acebile ezindaweni zokudla, uzofa.
Kuze kube unyaka owodwa ubudala, ama-drake amancane anombala ocishe ufane nowabesifazane, okungukuthi, onsundu ngokumnyama, ophawulwe ngamabala amhlophe angafuni phansi koqhwaku. Kepha konke kuyashintsha lapho sebekhulile babe ngabantu abadala ngokuphelele.
Ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko zibukeka kanjani kungabonakala I-Turpan esithombeni... Uma bekwazi ukumelana nomzabalazo onzima nomhlaba ononya wokuphila futhi bafinyelele ebudaleni ngokuphepha, khona-ke izinyoni ezinjalo zingaphila cishe iminyaka eyi-13.
Ukuzingelwa kweTurpan
Abamele lezo zilwane zasemanzini ikakhulukazi bayamangaza futhi abafundiswanga kangako. Ezindaweni ezivulekile zaseRussia, kukholakala ukuthi yizinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zalezi zinyoni ezitholakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele ezinye izinhlobo, ngokusho kolunye ulwazi, bezulazula nxazonke, bazithola bephephela okwesikhashana ensimini yethu.
Lolu hlobo lwamadada asendle lwaziwa kakhulu ngabantu basenyakatho kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Futhi kusukela lapho scoop ukuzingela wawuthathwa njengomsebenzi ohloniphekile, futhi labo abafinyelela ezindaweni ezithile eziphakemeyo kuwo kwathiwa bangabantu abazimele nabaphumelelayo.
Isizini saqala kulezo zingxenye kusukela cishe ngoJuni, lapho izinyoni, zibuya emazweni aphesheya kwezilwandle, zahlala ezindaweni zazo zomdabu. Izinyoni ezinjalo zivame ukundiza njengemihlambi, zihambela phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba ngokuvumelanayo nangokuthula, ngokuvamile "zikhuluma" phakathi kwazo.
Lezi zidalwa azidumile ngobuhlakani bazo, futhi abazingeli bazo zonke izikhathi bafuna ukusebenzisa le mfanelo, ngoba banikezwe ubulima nokukhohliseka kweziwula ezinamaphiko, kulula ukubayenga. Ukwenza lokhu, isibonelo, abazingeli basenyakatho, baveza ukukhala kwewundlu, okuheha izinyoni.
Ezinye zezinyoni ngokuzithandela zihlala phansi nezenziwe ngokukhethekile isalukazi esesabisayo, bathathela izihlobo zabo le ndatshana eyenziwe ngesandla. Izidumbu zezinyoni ezibulewe emaphethelweni eqhwa laphakade zivame ukugoqwa ngqo ezindaweni ezibandayo zemizimba yamanzi futhi zimbozwe nge-turf noma moss. Ngokuthwala nokugcina, ziyasebenziseka uma zibanda ngokuphelele.
Kulezi zinsuku, ukuzingela laba bameleli bezilwane ezinamaphiko kujeziswa ngumthetho. Futhi isilinganiso esinjalo sathela izithelo, ngoba ubukhulu besibalo sabantu, okungenani isikhashana, kepha buzinza.
