Bambalwa kithi ebuntwaneni ababengazithandi amanoveli we-adventure weMine Reed noma iFenimore Cooper. Ngokwesiko lamaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika, bahlala endaweni ebaluleke kakhulu.
Babevame ukubizwa ngezimfanelo zabantu: ubuhlakani, ubuhlakani, ubuqili, ubuqili. Azikho izakhiwo zobuqhawe, uhlobo lweLoki lomhlaba wezilwane. Abalingiswa abanjalo babizwa ngokuthi "abakhohlisi" - banobuqili futhi bayakhohlisa. Futhi ngesizathu esihle.
I-coyote ithatha indawo ephakathi nendawo phakathi kwempisi nempungushe. Owesibili, njengoba wazi, unobuqili futhi unobuhlakani. AmaNdiya ayasihlonipha lesi silo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye asasithemba. Ezinye izizwe zambheka njengomfanekiso wobubi. Futhi kwabanye, wayeyisilwane esingcwele. KumaNavajo, isibonelo, ungunkulunkulu wempilo yangemva kothando nothando, umsunguli wempi nomdanso. Isikhundla esiphakathi kokuhle nokubi.
I-coyote, noma i-prairie wolf, ingeyomndeni we-canine (inja). Izihlobo zayo eziseduze ziyimpisi ejwayelekile, inja ye-raccoon, i-arctic fox, i-fox ne-jackal. Kusuka esiLatin, igama laso yiCanis latrans - "inja ekhonkothayo". Ngakho-ke yabizwa ngama-Aztec - "coyotle - inja yaphezulu". Phakathi kwama-Aztec, uyisilwane se-totem, i-werewolf, iqhawe nomsindisi.
Kuholela engozini, noma kunjalo, ukuba nomlingiswa ophikisanayo wenyanga, kuthumela izikhukhula. Umoya wobusuku nobuqili. UNkulunkulu Quetzalcoatl, omunye wonkulunkulu abakhulu bama-Aztec, umdali womhlaba, wanqoba inkosi yezwe eliphansi uMiktlantecutli, futhi ngalesi sikhathi wenziwa samuntu yi-coyote ephindwe kabili.
Isilwane sinomsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu wezinzwa. Wakwazi ukujwayela ukunwetshwa kwempucuko ibe izitshalo nezilwane zakuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akazange nje asinde, kodwa futhi wakwazi ukusakazeka kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika, naphezu komzamo wokubhujiswa ngokuphelele ngumuntu. Ngomqondo othile, umuntu unikele eqinisweni lokuthi isilwane coyote manje uhlala kulo lonke izwekazi.
Manje sebengaba yisigidi sabo eNyakatho Melika. Bangasondela ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu, babasabise ngokuhhewula ebusuku. Bathi bazwakala ngisho ngabalingisi bamafilimu abahlala eHollywood, izivakashi eNew Hampshire. Futhi ngaphambi kokuba babengekho. Ukusinda okumangalisayo, ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo, kuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi silo sishesha kakhulu futhi sihlakaniphile.
Isithombe se-coyote sasetshenziswa njengophawu lwe-Olimpiki kuma-Olimpiki asebusika ka-2002 eSalt Lake City. Nguye oweba umlilo konkulunkulu, wakhuphuka intaba. Njenganoma iyiphi impisi, uthanda inkululeko futhi unesibindi. Impungushe, ukuphuma ogibeni, iyakwazi ukuzidlalela izidladla zayo.
Olunye ulwazi oluthandekayo. Ngo-2000 kwakhululwa ifilimu lehlelo elithi Coyote Ugly Bar, elavele laba yihhovisi lamabhokisi. Izingoma nomculo okuwo kusathandwa namanje. Bekukhona nomfanekiso wale filimu - isaloon sangempela "UCoyote Ugly”, Lavulwa eNew York ngo-1993. Manje sekunezikhungo eziningi zokuphuza emhlabeni wonke ezinaleli gama. Kubandakanya eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg nakwamanye amadolobha.
Incazelo nezici
I-coyote inomzimba oqinile, u-70 kuye ku-100 cm ubude. Futhi lokhu akunawo umsila, ofinyelela kubude obungu-40 cm. Ekubuneni, ukuphakama kwesilwane kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-50-60. Konke kumbozwe ngoboya obude obukhulu obukhulu bombala ophuzi ongcolile, ezindaweni eziphenduka zibe mnyama. Ijazi lide ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamahlombe, le ndawo ibizwa nge- "mane" noma "ikama".
Lesi silwane sicishe siphindwe kathathu kunempisi, sinesisindo esisuka ku-9 kuye ku-18 kg. Imilenze yakhe mincane, izidladla zakhe zinomusa ngokwengeziwe, ikhala lakhe libukhali, liseduze nempungushe. Amehlo aphuzi ngokusagolide, umsila mude futhi uyathambile. Izindlebe zimile. Ukhakhayi lufana nolwempisi, lincane nje ngosayizi.
I-coyote yasendle mhlawumbe enhle kunazo zonke phakathi kwe-oda lonke lezidliwayo, nomndeni we-canine, ikakhulukazi. Inamagama amaningi - impisi yedlelo, impisi ehlathini, impisi encane, kanye nojakalashe wedlelo.
Manje asisongelwa ngokuqothulwa, lesi silwane sinokuzithoba okuyingqayizivele namabhizinisi. Lesi esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko. Ubekezelela ngokulinganayo ukushisa namakhaza, ungumninimandla onke, angahlala ehlathini nasethafeni, nasezintabeni. Uhlakaniphile njengempisi, kepha uguquguquka ngokushesha kunanoma yiziphi izimo. Akukho ukuzingela - ukudla izidumbu, akukho ukudla kwesilwane - ukudla imifino. Siqaphele ukuthi i-coyote idla amajikijolo nezimpande.
Unezinzwa ezithuthukile kanye nomuzwa. Ungumdlali wezemidlalo, ufinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-55-70 km. I-jumper enhle kakhulu, iyakwazi ukubhukuda, ayesabi amanzi abandayo, ingahlasela i-beaver. Futhi akayena owawo wonke umuntu. Naye unemihlathi njengabasiki bezintambo. UCoyote uyaqapha, hhayi ubugwala. Uyakwazi ukuzingela yedwa, ngababili, noma eqenjini elincane.
Igijima kahle kakhulu, sengathi intanta phansi. Njalo uphendulela intamo ngezindlela ezihlukile, ezinhlangothini nasemuva, ulalele futhi ubukisise. Inganciphisa kakhulu lapho kukhona iphunga elingaziwa, njengokungathi wethukile. Ukungakhathali ekuphishekeleni, okwazi ukugijima amakhilomitha amaningi. UCoyote uboniswe esithombeni - isilwane esihle, esiziqhenyayo nesizethembayo, esaziyo ukubaluleka kwaso.
Izinhlobo
Manje sesingakhuluma ngama-subspecies angama-19 we-meadow wolf. Kwakungu-20, kodwa oyedwa wafa - coyote wase-eurasia... Izinhlobo zayo zangaphambi komlando zazihlala nasendaweni ye-Eurasia yanamuhla. Ngakho-ke, sijwayelana nezinhlobo eziyinhloko zesilwane okukhulunywa ngaso: iMexico, iSan Pedro Martyra (California), iSalvadorian, (Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma), iBelizean, iHonduran, iDurango (Mexico), enyakatho (i-Alaskan), ithafa, intaba (iCanada), IMearnsa (iColorado ne-Utah), iRio Grande, iCalifornia ende, inhlonhlo, iTexas lowland, inyakatho-mpumalanga (Ontario, Indiana), ogwini olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga (Oregon naseWashington), eColimian (Mexico).
Okudume kakhulu kubo i-mexican coyote, sibonga izisho ezejwayelekile ngaye. Uma kwesinye isikhathi sizwa inkhulumomphendvulwano: "Sawubona, comrade!" - "Impisi yeTambov ingumngane wakho!", Bese umMelika ujwayele ukuzwa into enjengale: "Hheyi, amigo!" - "I-coyote yaseMexico yakho ye-amigo!"
Imikhuba, indlela yokuphila, ukudla okunomsoco, izimiso zokuzivumelanisa nezenhlalo nokuzala cishe kuyefana kuzo zonke lezi zinhlayiya. Ngisho nasekubukekeni, ochwepheshe kuphela kwesinye isikhathi abangathola umehluko. Zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ahlukene ngokunokwenzeka ngokwendawo.
Izinhlobo ezihlobene ze-coyote yimpisi ejwayelekile, i-maned, ebomvu, ebomvu, i-dingo, impungushe nenja. I-Coyote iyinhlobo yezilwane zangaphambi kokudla. Ivele ngokubukeka kwayo kwamanje cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2,5 edlule.
Ukhokho wayo yi-coyote kaJohnson, eyaqothuka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.8 edlule. Igama lesiLatini lale nsalela, uCanis lepophagus, lihunyushwa ngokuthi "Inja Edla Imvubu". Kwakuvela kuye ukuthi izinhlobo zezizukulwane zanamuhla zavela, zincane kakhulu ngobukhulu kunokhokho, kanti ugebhezi lwasendulo lukhulu kakhulu. Ngokusho kwezazi ze-paleontologists, isisindo esimaphakathi se-coyote yangaphambi komlando kaJohnson sasingu-30-40 kg.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Lesi silwane senza ukuhlala kwaso emihumeni, emigodini ejulile, emgodini wesihlahla esiwile. Njengamanje, wasuka e-Alaska waya eGuatemala nasePanama kulo lonke izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule, wayehlala emadlelweni kuphela - yingakho igama elithi "idlelo". Kodwa-ke, manje zitholakala yonke indawo, kunoma iyiphi indawo. Ngisho nasezintabeni, ezingeni lamamitha ayi-2000-3000.
I-coyote iyisilwane esivumelanisa nezimo kakhulu; ingashintsha imikhuba yayo, indawo ehlala kuyo, indlela yayo yokuphila, uma ilawulwa izimo zangaphandle. Ukusinda nje. Ngakho-ke, ingatholakala ngisho nasemadolobheni amakhulu njengeLos Angeles. Balandela ezinyathelweni zamaphayona aseMelika, ngakho-ke bangabizwa nangokuthi bathola izindawo ezintsha.
AmaCoyotes ayizilwane zomndeni ezisondelene, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi zihlala zodwa. Banamapheya amabili impilo yonke. Ukwethembeka kugcinwa kuze kube sekufeni. Ndawonye impilo yakho yonke. Bakhulisa izingane ndawonye, bazondle, bakhulise futhi badlale nabo. Abashade abaphelele nje.
Ngokwenhlalo, ama-coyotes ahlala ephaketheni njengezimpisi. Zizingela ngamaqembu noma ngazodwana. Kulula owesilisa oyedwa ukubhekana nomdlalo omncane. Futhi ngomhlambi, baqhuba inyamazane enkulu. Eqenjini, bayazingela phakathi nezinyanga ezinzima zasebusika, lapho kunzima ukuthola ukudla.
AmaCoyotes ahewula ukuzazisa. Lo msindo usho futhi ukubanjwa. Ukuhewula kwakhe kubhekwa njengesibonakaliso esisemqoka esigodini, unomsindo omkhulu kunabo bonke abantu bakhona. Ngokukhonkotha baxwayisa ngosongo, futhi bakhale lapho bebingelelana.
Izitha zalezi zilwane, okokuqala, zingabizwa ngabantu. Abalimi nabafuyi bezimvu basempini nezilwane ezidla ezinye uma bevikela izilwane zabo. Futhi ama-coyotes asendle azama ukukhohlisa nokweba imvu noma unogwaja ongakwazi ukuzivikela.
Ngokwemvelo, izimpisi nama-puma kungabizwa ngokuthi izimbangi zabo eziyingozi. Ngisho izinkozi noKlebe bangahlasela i-coyote encane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izihlobo eziseduze zalesi silo - izimpisi, futhi ikakhulukazi impungushe ebomvu, zingancintisana nazo ngokuqinile ochungechungeni lokudla, futhi zisinde nasendaweni yazo ejwayelekile.
Indlala ebuhlungu ngezinye izikhathi ingenza lesi silwane sikhohlwe ngengozi futhi sincishe ubuhlakani baso bemvelo. Futhi yena, ekhohlwa ngakho konke, angawela ogibeni. Ngakho-ke, bayabanjwa. Ama-coyotes alambile ayingozi kakhulu ikakhulukazi ebusika. Futhi nakakhulu ngesikhathi okuthiwa "imishado".
Ukuhlangana "nomshado" onjalo kungukufa okuqinisekile. Ukuzizingela ngezinyawo kuyingozi ukwedlula ukugibela ihhashi ngosizo lwezinja. Kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezinkangala ezinkulu, lapho kunzima khona ukucasha impungushe. Ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezinye izindlela zokuzingela zisetshenziselwa - i-piglet noma i-carrion.
Kodwa-ke, noma kumzabalazo onjalo we "man - coyote", umuntu kufanele angakhohlwa ukuthi lesi sidlakela siletha inzuzo ephindwe kaningi kunokulimaza. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi yena, njengempisi, ubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhleleka kwemvelo." AmaCoyotes yizilwane ezithanda inkululeko, kunzima kuzo, cishe kubuhlungu ukuba sekuthunjweni. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kokubona kwezinye izazi zezilwane, zingazijwayeza abantu.
Futhi-ke lokhu kunamathisela kuba namandla kakhulu futhi kuhlala njalo. Bayizidalwa ezithembeke ngokumangalisayo kukho konke. Kuthiwa impungushe, ehlala ekuthunjweni, yaziphatha njengenja. Washikizisa umsila wakhe ngesikhathi kuvela umnikazi, eza ukuzokuphulula. Kodwa akazange akhothe izandla zakhe, wahogela kuphela.
Ngenkathi eyedwa wayenesithukuthezi esikhulu futhi wahewula kabuhlungu. Uma engakwazanga ukudla ukudla ngaso leso sikhathi, wayekungcwaba ekhoneni lekheji, akugade ngokucophelela kulabo ahlala nabo. Ubewuthanda umculo, ehewula uma ezwa umculo. Wayenenkumbulo enhle kakhulu, akazange akhohlwe noma uthando noma intukuthelo, waqaphela umnikazi kude.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Umzingeli weCoyote futhi omnivore. Idla amagundane, onogwaja, izinyoni, izibankwa, izinyoni, kwesinye isikhathi izithelo, futhi ayikudeleli ukubola. Kodwa-ke, udla nokudla kwezitshalo - amajikijolo, izimpande, amakinati, imbewu ye-sunflower. Sithanda ukuzitika ngama-apula nama-strawberry, amakhabe notamatisi, abalimi abacasulayo nalokhu.
Uyakwazi nokuzingela izinhlanzi, ngoba ungumbhukudi oncomekayo. Kuyafaneleka ukufaka kuhlu izilwane ezithandwa kakhulu ngama-coyote ukuze wazi okuthandayo. Lezi yizimbila, izimbila, onogwaja, ama-ferrets, ama-possum, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, izinyoni, nasemanzini - inhlanzi, amaxoxo kanye nezinsizwa. Ingaphinde ihlasele i-beaver, yize inamandla nobungozi bakamuva. Kepha lokhu kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu. Ubamba izibankwa, achithe izidleke zezinyoni.
Uzingela noma ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku, noma emini. Kodwa-ke, uvame ukubizwa nge- "Shadowhunter". Ngobuqili nangesibindi, unezimbalwa ezilinganayo. Ama-coyotes amaningana angakha uhlelo lokuzingela lonke. Isibonelo, babonwa eqenjini labantu abayisithupha, behamba ngeketanga benqamula insimu, ebangeni elilinganayo, njengasesigabeni sokubonisa.
Baqhuba kanjena amahare. Noma omunye wethusa, omunye uhlala ecathamela. Kwesinye isikhathi angaveza ukudlikizela, enze konke ukusebenza ukuheha isisulu. Unogwaja oyisiphukuphuku ubuka lapho umhlaseli ewa futhi egingqika phansi, kuyilapho umlingani womzingeli ebamba inyamazane ekhalelayo.
Icala elithandekayo labonwa emvelweni ngabathile bezemvelo. Ama-Coyote ne-badger azingela ndawonye. Owokuqala ukhipha isisulu, unephunga elihle kakhulu. Lawa amagundane amancane, umdlalo ocasha emhlabathini. Imbila iyamba phansi. Umdlalo uhlukaniswe phakathi. Isibonelo esihle sokubambisana kwezilwane!
Uma ucabanga ukuthi imenyu ye-coyote njengephesenti, uthola ikhathuni, cishe ama-18% amagundane amancane, ama-13.5% izilwane ezifuywayo, izinyoni - 3%, izinambuzane -1%, izinyamazane ezincane - 3.5%, ezinye izilwane - 1%, tshala ukudla -2%
Ngendlela, ukuphakama kwemifino kwehla ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ngokusobala, bagcina izinto eziwusizo. Okuphinde futhi kufakazele ubuhlakani nokubona kusengaphambili kwalezi zilwane ezimangazayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
AmaCoyotes akha umndeni owodwa impilo yonke. Futhi lo ngumndeni impela, hhayi nje izithandani endaweni yazo. Uma sikwazi ukukhuluma ngothando phakathi kwezilwane, kunjalo impela. Bangabazali abaqaphelayo futhi abanakekelayo, abathintanayo nezingane zabo.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siwela ngoJanuwari-Februwari futhi sithatha amasonto ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, owesifazane ukulungele ukwamukela umlingani izinsuku eziyi-10 kuphela futhi yilokho kuphela. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, umndeni uzilungiselela ikhaya: bagubha umgodi wabo, bahlala emhumeni wembila oshiyiwe, noma bakha umhume. Isibonelo, emgodini wedwala noma emgodini wesihlahla esiwile.
Imidlwane ye-Coyote zizalwa ezinyangeni ezimbili. Umama nobaba babanakekela cishe amasonto ayi-7. Ekuqaleni, badla ubisi lukamama wesifazane. Ngalesi sikhathi, bondliwa ubaba oyedwa. Bese bobabili abazali baqala ukubaphathela inyamazane.
Ekuqaleni, abazali baphindisela emuva ukudla okulethwe umdlwane, bese bekuhambisa konke, babafundise ukuzingela nokuzihlafuna. Kukhona imidlwane engu-6-8 kudoti. Kwesinye isikhathi, kuyaqabukela kuba nemidlwane eyi-12. Izingane azibonwa kusukela ekuzalweni, ziqala ukubona kahle ezinsukwini eziyishumi ubudala.
Lapho sebefinyelele eminyakeni yobudala yezinyanga eziyi-9, bashiya indawo yabo yokuzalwa. Futhi ngonyaka olandelayo bangazakhela ngokwabo. Uma indawo yabazali icebile ngokuzingela, imidlwane ihlala eduze. Yize bevame ukufuna indawo yabo, begijima kuze kufike ku-150 km befuna.
Ngokwemvelo, abaphili isikhathi eside - cishe iminyaka emi-4, kuyaqabukela kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezilwane ezisencane lifa okokuqala ngqa. Imbangela yokufa okuphezulu kangaka kungaba amarabi, kanye nokugula okungathi sína. Ekuthunjweni, abantu abadala bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18-20.
Kunezimo lapho i-coyote iwela nenja noma impisi, ithola imidlwane ejwayelekile. Izinhlamvu ezinjalo zaqanjwa ngokuthi ama-koipes (koidog) ne-koywolf. Kukhona futhi i-coyotoshakal - i-hybrid of jackal ne-coyote, etholakala ekuthunjweni. Kepha esizukulwaneni sesine, lezi nzalo zivame ukuthola izifo zofuzo futhi zife.
Ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukusinda, ukungathobeki nokuhlakanipha, i-coyote idumisa inkazimulo yayo ngokuba ngesinye sezilwane ezisele ngemuva kwe-Apocalypse on Earth. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane zaseNdiya, i-coyote izosinda ekupheleni komhlaba. “Inyathi, ezinye izilwane, umuntu uzofa, umhlaba uzongena ebumnyameni. Futhi ebumnyameni obumnyama, ukukhala kwempungushe kuzonanela. "
