Kuhlotshiswe ngekama. Le yindlela uPodiceps cristatus ahunyushwa ngayo isuka esiLatini - igama lesayensi lezinyoni zamanzi ezitholakala emizimbeni yamanzi cishe kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Eurasia.
Igama lenyoni
ERussia, le nyoni ibizwa ngokuthi i-great grebe, noma i-grest crested. Kungumndeni wezinyosi. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ngenkathi uDahl ehlanganisa isichazamazwi, i-grebe enkulu kwakungeyomndeni wama-loon. Igama elithi chomga linemvelaphi yesiTurkic.
Olimini lwesi-Uzbek kukhona igama sho'ng'in, elisho ukuntywila, ukutshuza. E-Tatar - schomgan - yacwila, yacwila. I-toadstool enkulu ibizwa nangokuthi i-crested duck, noma i-grest crested. IToadstool yayibizwa ngegama layo ngokuthi inyama yayo enganambitheki, enukayo, ekhipha izinhlanzi ezibolile. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yishumi nambili emndenini kaPogankov.
Incazelo nezici
Ngaphandle kwegama layo elingathandeki (itoosto), i-grebe - inyoni iyathandeka. Isisu esimhlophe njengeqhwa ngokushelela siphenduka izinhlangothi ezibomvu. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, amaphiko nawo amhlophe qhwa, okuba sobala lapho inyoni ishaya amaphiko ayo. Umhlane ne-scallop ekhanda kumnyama.
Ikhanda libekwe entanyeni ende, ezacile. Ngokungafani namadada, i-grebe inonqenqemeni olunwetshiwe, olucijile olubamba ngalo izinhlanzi. Amehlo abomvu klebhu. Igcina intanta ngesithunzi, umuntu angaze athi - kubalulekile.
Kepha unake futhi ugxile. Emva kwakho konke, i-Grebe esetshenzisiwe ukubona inhlanzi yokubhukuda emfuleni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngeke ibe ukudla kwekite. I-grebe enkulu iyathandeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Entanyeni yakhe kuvela ikhala le-cherry elimnyama, nekama ekhanda. Lezi zinyoni zibazisa ukuthi zikulungele ukukhwelana.
Izidladla ze-grebe enkulu esetshenzisiwe zinombala oluhlaza okomnqumo, mfushane, ziqinile, zitholakala eduze komsila. Yilesi sakhiwo esimvumela ukuba athathe ukuma okumile emi emanzini. Izinyawo ngaphandle kwezindwangu, isici sezinyoni eziningi zasemanzini.
Esikhundleni salokho, kukhona amafolda wesikhumba aqinile ezinhlangothini zomunwe ngamunye. Iminwe emithathu ikhomba phambili, bese kuthi owokugcina abheke emuva. Izinyawo zeCrested Grebe azisebenzi njengedada noma i-loon. Uyazidonsela emuva, futhi usebenza kuphela ngengxenye ehambayo yezitho ezingezansi, efana namaphini ophephela. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izitho zezinyawo zamaselula zihamba kakhulu futhi ziyipulasitiki. Lapho izidladla ze-chomga ziba yiqhwa, ziyiphakamisela ngaphezu kwamanzi, bese zisakazeka ezinhlangothini, njengomvocavoci wewele.
Ukuntweza okuhle nokusheshayo, imilenze kaGrebe ehlanganisiwe ayihambelani kahle nomhlaba. Isikhunta sihamba kancane futhi ngokungahambi kahle ogwini. Umzimba, ngenkathi uhamba emhlabathini, uthatha ukuma okuqondile futhi ufane nephengwini.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi somdanso wokukhwela emanzini, ugijima ngokushesha okukhulu, asheshe acindezele izidladla zakhe, futhi ajabulele inqubo. I-toadstool igijima emanzini lapho izama ukusuka, noma ngesikhathi semidlalo yokukhwelana. I-grebe e-crested incane kunedada. Inesisindo esingu-6 kuya ku-1.5 kilograms. Owesifazane wehluke kancane kumlingani wakhe ngombala, kepha mncane ngosayizi.
Ngendlela, emindenini eminingi yezinyoni nakuzo zonke izizukulwane, abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngombala ogqamile, odonsa amehlo, ngokungafani nabesifazane, izimpaphe zabo ezinemibala efanayo. Ubude bephiko eligoqiwe ledrake bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-20. Amaphiko endiza afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-85.
Izinhlobo
Ngokwemvelo, cishe izinhlobo eziyi-15-18 zama-grebes ziyaziwa. Inyoni enkulu ekhonjiwe, - izidumbu ezidume kunazo zonke ezihlala eRussia. UDal esichazamazwini sakhe ukhulume nge-grebe ekhonjiwe, kufaka phakathi i-rudneck toadstool enezimpondo. Esigabeni sesimanje, amaGrebes aqanjwa ngokuhlukile.
Baqanjwa kabusha, noma bafa ngekhulu nesigamu. Ngendlela, inani lezinhlobo zalezi zinyoni lehle impela kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi womnotho womuntu. Ithebula likhombisa ezinye zezinhlobo eziphilayo zama-grebes, izici zazo ezihlukile.
Izindlezane ezondla izinhlanzi zinkulu futhi zinezintamo ezinde kunalezo ezondla izinambuzane noma ama-molluscs.
| Izinhlobo zamas Toadstools | Indawo yokuhlala | Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zangaphandle | Usayizi, isisindo | Okudlayo |
| I-Variegated, noma uCaroline | Womabili amazwekazi aseMelika, avela eningizimu yeCanada. Le nyoni ayikho endaweni yase-Arctic Northern Canada nase-Alaska. | Ehlobo, umngcele omnyama uvela emlonyeni owehlisiwe, okhonjisiwe, owathola igama lawo. Umbala oyinhloko wezimpaphe ungumbala onsundu. | Umzimba welulelwe ngo-31-38 cm, isisindo esingu-300-600 g. I-Wingspan efinyelela ku-60 cm. | Izinambuzane eziningi zasemanzini |
| Encane | Ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Eurasia futhi cishe lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika. | Umhlane unombala onsundu, ucishe ube mnyama, izimpaphe zesisu ziyisilivere. Uqhwaku ushokoledi omnyama onethiphu elula. Ehlobo, ingxenye yekhanda nentamo ipendwe ngombala we-chestnut onombala wethusi. Ngobusika, izimpaphe ze-chestnut ziyanyamalala. | Isisindo cishe. 100-350 gr. Ukuphakama kwamaphiko u-9-11 cm. Usayizi weqanda - 38-26 mm. | Izinambuzane, izibungu zazo, ama-molluscs, ngemuva kwalokho ziye zicwile phansi echibini, izinhlanzi ezincane |
| Okumpunga-izihlathi. ERussia naseBelarus, ingaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso, kufakwe eRed Book. | Ihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi enyakatho Nenkabazwe, ikhetha izindawo ezingamahlathi. Okokwakha izidleke, ithanda amadamu anezimila eziminyene eduze nogu. | Ingemuva lentamo, emuva, ingxenye yophiko inombala onsundu onsundu. Izimpaphe esiswini nezihlathi ekhanda zimhlophe mpunga. Ingaphambili lentamo li-orange-rusty. | Umzimba ungamasentimitha angama-42-50 ubude. Isisindo esingu-0.9-1 kilograms. Ubude bamaphiko endiza ngu-80 -85 cm.Amaqanda angama-50x34 mm. | Idla izinambuzane, i-roach, gazinga. |
| Izintambo ezibomvu, noma izimpondo | E-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Izakhamizi zaseningizimu engaphansi kwe-subctic kanye nasenyakatho enesimo sezulu ezifudukayo. | Ekwindla nasebusika inombala ompunga ngokukhanyayo. Ekhanda kuphela kunengubo emnyama empunga kanti ingaphambili lentamo limhlophe. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, i-grebe enentamo ebomvu iyashintsha: izimpaphe ezibomvu ngokubomvu ziyavela ekhanda, entanyeni nasezinhlangothini. | Ubude bomzimba - 20-22 cm. Isisindo -310-560 gr. Usayizi weqanda omaphakathi ungama-48 × 30 mm. | Idla izinambuzane, ebusika - ngezinhlanzi ezincane. |
| Intamo emnyama, noma i-eared | Kuhlala wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica nase-Australia. Izinyoni ezihlala enyakatho zindiza eningizimu ehlobo. | Ngentwasahlobo nasehlobo, ikhanda nentamo kumnyama ngombala wamalahle. Eduze kwamehlo, njenge-cilia ye-coquette, kunezimpaphe zegolide, ezibonakala ngokusobala ngemuva kwesizinda samalahle. Ekwindla, izimpaphe ziyanyamalala, zithola umbala onsundu. Ngemuva kunombala onsundu onsundu, izinhlangothi zigqwalile, isisu sikhanya. | Ubude bomzimba - 28-34 mm; Inesisindo esingu-300-600 gr. Isayizi lamaqanda lingama-46x30 mm. | Kakhulu ama-arthropods. |
| Isicefe sikaClark | Ihlala kakhulu ogwini olusentshonalanga yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika | I-grebe kaClark inkulu kakhulu kunaseRussia i-grebe crested grebe. Amachwane aqanduselwa ngombala oqinile, omhlophe, nawo obahlukanisa nezinye izalukazi. Abantu abadala banomhlane ompunga onsundu nesisu esimhlophe njengeqhwa. | Esinye sezitokisi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emndenini. Ubude bomzimba 55-75 cm, isisindo esingu-700-1700 amagremu. Amaphiko angamasentimitha angama-90. | Ihlaba inyamazane ngomlomo wayo, njengommese. Idla izinhlanzi. |
Ihlala kuphi futhi kanjani i-grebe
UChomga wazinza cishe kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Eurasia. Kuyenzeka futhi:
- e-Australia,
- E-New Zealand,
- ezingwini zaseMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika.
Izakhamizi zaseNyakatho zihola impilo yokufuduka, Izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo zihola impilo yokuhlala. I-Grebe nabanye abamele i-grebe abahlali enyakatho ekude nase-Antarctica kuphela.
Izindle ezinkulu zihlala emachibini nasemachibini, khetha imizimba yamanzi amasha. Imilenze emifushane yesigubhu ayilungiselelwa kahle ukuhamba phansi. Akavamile futhi ukundiza, kodwa kahle kakhulu futhi ngokushesha. Izindiza ezinamandla ezikwazi ukuhamba ngezindiza.
Ngaphambi kokusuka, usakazeka emanzini, azisize ngokushaya amaphiko akhe aqinile. Kodwa-ke ukhetha into yamanzi, lapho ezizwa emuhle khona. Ihlanza futhi igcobe izimpaphe ze-Greene Greater, futhi nasemanzini, ilele ngapha nangapha. Izimpaphe zale nyoni zinezinto ezinhle kakhulu zokuxosha amanzi.
Ukuze izidleke, i-Greater Grecoe ikhetha amadamu ngenani elikhulu lezimila: umhlanga, umhlanga. Futhi-ke, kubalulekile kuma-toadstools ukuthi kunomsinga ohamba kancane echibini. Futhi kungcono ukuthi ayikho nhlobo.
Okudlayo
I-toadstool enkulu idla kakhulu izinhlanzi, futhi njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, ikude kakhulu. Kwengeza ukudla ngamaxoxo, ama-molluscs, izinambuzane zasemanzini, futhi ulwelwe oluncane. I-grebe inamehlo amahle kakhulu, ibona izinhlanzi ezijule emanzini.
Uyakwazi ukujula ujule ngamamitha ayi-4, ucindezele amaphiko emzimbeni futhi usebenza kuphela ngemilenze. I-grebe icwila ngekhanda elibukhali, elisheshayo elibheke phansi. Kulokhu, umzimba ukhuphuka ngaphezu kwamanzi ngekhandlela futhi ngokushesha ungene ngaphansi kwamanzi ngokuqonde mpo, noma ubheke ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Kuqaphelile ukuthi i-grebe idla izimpaphe zayo.
Lokhu kungabonakala kungajwayelekile uma ungasazi isizathu. UChomga ugwinya yonke inhlanzi. Futhi ukuze amathambo acijile enhlanzi angalimazi amathumbu enyoni, izimpaphe ezithambile zisebenza njengohlobo lwesivikelo esivikela umzimba wale nyoni ekulimaleni. Mhlawumbe, i-grebe e-crested idla ulwelwe ngenhloso efanayo. Ukwenza ngcono ukugayeka kokudla okunzima, okunzima ukugayeka, i-grebe igwinya amatshe amancane.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
- Isikhathi sokukhwelana
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, iGreyhound ikhombisa izimpaphe ezengeziwe, ezenza i-grebe e-crested esithombeni ekhangayo ikakhulukazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpaphe zikhula kokubili kowesilisa nowesilisa. Kuvela ukhakhayi ekhanda.
Izimpaphe ezeqile zinde, eziphakathi nendawo zimfushane. Kusuka kulokho lesi sikhwebu sithathwa njengezimpondo. Ikhola likanokusho lezimpaphe ezimnyama eziwolintshi noma i-cherry burgundy lakhiwa entanyeni. Kule scallop nokhololo, le nyoni yathola isidlaliso esithi crested.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sama-grebes siqala ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Abesifazane bamemeza kakhulu. Umsindo wabo we-guttural uzwakala njengo- "corr" "kua", kroah ". Ngale ndlela, baheha abesilisa - abalingani besikhathi esizayo.
Owesilisa ufika kowesifazane ephethe inhlanzi esanda kubanjwa - esisha, edliwa insikazi ngokushesha. Ngenkathi insikazi idla isipho, owesilisa uyilungiselela uphaphe njengesidlo. Ezinyangeni ezincane, ezidla izinambuzane, owesilisa uletha inqwaba yolwelwe kumlingani wakhe, ngokusobala njengophawu lokulungela kwakhe ukubeka isisekelo sesidleke esizayo.
Ukukhethwa komlingani kwenziwa ngowesifazane ngesikhathi somdanso wesiko. Chomga umdanso - umbono omuhle. Ekuqaleni benza ukunyakaza okuningi okuvumelanisiwe kwekhanda nentamo. Kuyamangaza ukuthi umlingani ulandela ngqo ukunyakaza kowesifazane. Bese zombili izinyoni zikhuphuka ngaphezu kwamanzi, zithatha indawo emi mpo.
Ukuphakamisa amaphiko abo kancane, zigijima ngokuvumelanayo emanzini, ziphenduka ngokushesha ngezidladla zazo. Ngokusobala, emdansweni, umlingani ufuna ukufakazela kowesifazane ukuthi akanamandla kangako kunaye futhi uzoba ngumlingani omuhle sonke isikhathi abakhulisa ngaso inzalo yabo. Ngesikhathi sokudansa, izinyoni zikwazi "ukufika esivumelwaneni", ukuzwana.
Ngemuva kwalokho ama-toadstools aqala ukwakha isidleke kusuka ezimileni ezikulechibi. Owesilisa uthatha ingxenye esebenzayo kakhulu ekwakhiweni. Iletha izinto zokwakha esidlekeni:
- izinsalela zemihlanga,
- amahlumela ezihlahla akhula osebeni awele emanzini.
- ulwelwe, amaqabunga.
- Iziqu zomhlanga.
Lezi zithandani zizama ukwakha isidleke eduze komhlanga. Futhi alidonsi iso, futhi alintante uma umoya uvuka. Imihlanga izobamba. Indawo yokuhlala ezintantayo kufanele ibe banzi ngokwanele futhi iqine. Ububanzi obungu-30-60 cm futhi bufinyelela kuma-85 cm ukuphakama.
Isidleke esikhulu se-grebe eboshelwe esihlahleni se-peat emanzini, noma enqwabeni yezimila ezifile ezinqwabelene. Kwesinye isikhathi isisekelo sigxila emanzini phakathi kweziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini. Lapho isidleke sesikulungele ukubeka amaqanda, i-Grebe ivumela owesilisa ukuba akhweshane. Kwenzeka ngqo emanzini.
Uma imindeni eminingi yama-toadstools ihlale echibini elifanayo, yakha izidleke kude kude komunye nomunye, ihlala njalo idlula amamitha ambalwa. Izidleke zezinye izinyoni, njengama-seagulls, zingatholakala eduze.
- Ukuchamisela amaqanda nenzalo
Insikazi izalela amaqanda afika kwayi-7 amhlophe qhwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igobolondo laba mnyama, libe nsundu ngokusawolintshi, noma libe nsundu ngokukhanyayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izitshalo zihlala emanzini, kuthi lapho zibola zikhiphe ukushisa, okudingeka kakhulu emasendeni lapho owesifazane ebhukuda eyodla.
Owesilisa uhlala eduzane nowesifazane sonke isikhathi sokufukamela. Uqapha isidleke, uxwayisa izivakashi ezingamenyiwe ngokukhala. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-24. Kepha njengoba i-grest enkulu egijimayo igijimela, inika amaqanda ama-1, kuyaqabukela ama-2 nsuku zonke, amadada achamisela angachithi masinyane, kepha kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Futhi ngenkathi umama wezinyosi efukamela amaqanda asele, ubaba ubambe iqhaza ekondleni nasekukhuliseni inzalo esele ivele. Izingane zicasha ezimpapheni zikababa zisengozini futhi zifudumale lapho uma zikwazile ukuba yiqhwa emanzini abandayo. Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lokuvela kwabo, bajwayele ukubhukuda.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngenkathi zifukamela amaqanda, iduna liyaqhubeka nokuhudula amaqabunga namagatsha ezitshalo zasemanzini ziye esidlekeni. Lapho insikazi ivuka emaqandeni ifudumale futhi idle, imboza amaqanda ngezinto ezitholakalayo zezitshalo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi amaqanda angatholakali yizilwane ezidla ezinye ebusweni begwababa elinamahloni noma izithiyo.
Imvelo inakekele amatshwele e-chomga. Zizalwa zinemigqa, ezisiza ukuba zihlangane nomhlanga. Futhi ngaphezulu azibonakali kwizilwane ezizingelayo. Amachwane achanyuselwe akulungele ukubhukuda, ukutshuza. Izinsuku zokuqala zichitha isikhathi esiningi, zicashe emihlane yazo, ngaphansi kwamaphiko abazali bazo.
Uma i-grebe ibona ingozi, icwila ekujuleni kwamanzi kanye nezincane, bese icwila kude nendawo lapho umzingeli azungeza khona. Izimpiko ezisicaba zivimbela amadada ukuba angawi emhlane.
Amanzi awangeni ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamaphiko, isikhathi esithile umcamelo womoya uhlala lapho. Kancane kancane, amaphaphu ezingane azoqina, futhi azofunda ukuzitshuza ngokwawo, achithe isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Kuze kube yilapho izingane zifunda ukuzingela, abazali bazo bayazondla. Uma omunye wabazali edoba, ebhukuda kude nesidleke, omunye ngalesi sikhathi uvikela abasha. Izingane zibhukuda eduze koyise noma zicashe ngomhlane.
Ekupheleni kwehlobo, amadada ayokhula futhi aqine. Izimpaphe ezinemigqa zihlala kuzo zize zikhule ngokugcwele. Lapho izilwane ezincane zithola umbala wezinyoni ezindala, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi zikulungele ukuzala nokukhwelana.
Isikhathi sokuphila
ICrested Grebe iphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10-15. Kukhona amacala lapho ekuthunjweni le nyoni yaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25. Izitha zayo yizinyoni ezidla inyama, izilwane zasendle. Emhlabathini i-grebe isengozini enkulu ezitheni, ngoba ayikwazi ukusuka phansi, futhi igijima kabi kakhulu ngemilenze yayo emifushane.
Ngesikhathi kufukanywa i-crested Grebe, igwababa nomjaho womhlanga kuyajaha. Lapho insikazi isuswa emaqandeni ifuna ukudla, lezi zilwane zidla izidleke zezinyosi zezinyosi bese zintshontsha amaqanda. Kungakho idrake kufanele liqaphe isizalo lapho kungekho zakwethu. Amachwane okubhukuda avame ukuthunjwa yizinhlanzi ezidla inyama.
Isikhathi sempilo yamatoo athosiwe sithonywe kakhulu yisimo somuntu sokudelela imvelo, imvelo. Ukulahla udoti wezimboni onobungozi emizimbeni yamanzi kunciphisa inani lezinyoni neminyaka yokuphila ekhishwe yimvelo.
