Ikhadinali yezinyoni - ongowokuzalwa ezwenikazi laseMelika. Ukwanda kommeleli ogqamile we-oda labadlula lapho kube yisizathu sokuvela kwendoda enhle enezimpiko njengophawu lwamazwe amaningana. Isithombe sale nyoni eyingqayizivele sakhethwa eKentucky ngefulegi elisemthethweni.
Incazelo nezici
Okhadinali bathola igama labo ngenxa yezimpaphe ezibomvu ezigqamile zabesilisa kanye nesifihla-buso esakhiwe ngombala wezimpaphe ezimnyama ezungeze uqhwaku nendawo yamehlo. Kancane ukhadinali wasenyakathoohlala eCanada, eMelika naseMexico, ngenye indlela ebizwa ngokuthi ukhadinali obomvu noma waseVirginia. Esinye sezici sithathwa njengezwi elimangalisayo lenyoni encane ehambayo, okwathiwa igama layo nge-Virginian nightingale.
Ikhadinali elibomvu ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngosayizi omkhulu. Umuntu wesifazane mncane kancane kunowesilisa, onesisindo esingajwayelekile sifinyelela kuma-50 g. Umkhawulo wobude bomzimba wenyoni endala, kanye nomsila, ungaba ngamasentimitha angama-25, kanti amaphiko ayo aweqi ku-30 cm.
Ikhadinali yezinyoni esithombeni hhayi njengokucacisa njengasemvelweni wemvelo. Ikhono lepeni lakhe lokukhanyisa ukukhanya lenza umbala ucebe futhi ukhanye. Ukubukeka kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile kwehluke kakhulu. Abesilisa, ababizwa ngokwemvelo ukuheha amantombazane anezimpaphe ngokubukeka kwawo okukhanyayo nangokucula, zinhle ngokungavamile.
Isidlakela sawo, izihlathi, isifuba, isisu sinombala obomvu klebhu, kanti izimpiko zawo nezimpaphe zangaphandle zomsila zibomvu klebhu ngombala omncane onoboya obumnyama. Isifihla-buso esimnyama esingemuva esibomvu sinikeza ubudoda. Uqhwaku lwenyoni lubomvu, kanti imilenze ibomvu nsundu.
Abesifazane babukeka benesizotha kakhulu: umbala ompunga onsundu, amabala abomvu ezimpapheni zesikhumba, amaphiko, umsila kanye nophondo olubomvu olumise okweqanda. Le ntokazi nayo inesifihla-buso, kodwa ayivezwanga kahle kangako: izimpaphe ezungeze uqhwaku lwayo namehlo anombala ompunga omnyama. Amachwane afana nombala wesifazane. Onke amakhadinali anabafundi abansundu.
Enyakatho yezwekazi, i-indigo bunting cardinal ihlala, izimpaphe zazo ezicebile ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhwelana, ukukhanya kombala wesilisa kuyanda, futhi lapho umbhangqwana usuvele wakhekile, uphinde uphenduke futhi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Inyoni eyikhadinali ihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aseMelika. EBermuda, kwavela kuphela ngekhulu le-18, lapho abantu beletha abantu abaningi lapho futhi bazalela ngokungeyikho. Njengamanje, okhadinali basebenze ngokuphelele lapho futhi bazala ngokuzimela.
Indawo yokuhlala kakhadinali osenyakatho izingadi, amapaki, izindawo ezinezihlahla, izihlahlana. Ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, kuvame ukutholakala, ngenxa yokungabikho kokwesaba ngokweqile esimweni senyoni.
Le nyoni enemisila ebomvu ihlangana kalula nabantu. Kondlunkulu, wazuza njengefa ukungazethembi, isimilo esingenangqondo, imikhuba yamasela. Ngeke kube nzima ukuthi ukhadinali angene ngewindi lendlu evulekile, adle konke akubheka njengokudla lapho, futhi athathe ukudla naye.
Imisindo eyenziwe uKhadinali waseVirginian yehlukile. Le nyoni ekhuluma kakhulu. Ngenkathi bekhulumisana buthule, okhadinali benza imisindo yokukhala ngokuthula. Ama-trides we-iridescent atholakala kwabesilisa afana nezingoma ze-nightingale. Futhi ukucula okuthula kwabesifazane nakho kumnandi, kepha akuhlukile kangako. Lapho izinyoni zethukile, ukukhamuluka kwazo kuba ukukhala okukhulu.
Lalela izwi likakhadinali obomvu
Esinye sezici ezihlukile zokhadinali yinkumbulo emangalisayo abayitholile emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Bayakwazi ukukhumbula konke ukugqobhoza kwabo kwembewu kaphayini, okuqoqwa ngoSepthemba bese kufihlwa ezindaweni ezaziwa yibo kuphela ukuze badle ukudla abakuthandayo ubusika bonke.
Ngakho-ke ngoSepthemba, ukhadinali angafihla kuze kufike kwizinkulungwane eziyikhulu zezinhlamvu zikaphayini ezindaweni ezinamadwala eGrand Canyon, ehlala cishe amakhilomitha ayikhulu, lapho inyoni enomsila obomvu ithanda ukuhlala khona. Ngaphandle kwaleli khono lokukhumbula iziqubu ngekhanda, le nyoni ngeke ikwazi ukuphila ebusika obude. Noma umhlaba ungashintsha ngaphansi kweqhwa, uthola cishe imbewu engama-90% efihliwe. Amahlumela ayi-10% asele, avuselela amahlathi.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokhadinali zivamile ezindaweni ezithile zaleli zwekazi. Ngakho-ke UKhadinali waseVirginia - izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu neziningi - ezitholakala ikakhulu eCanada, e-USA, eGuatemala naseMexico.
UGreen uhlala endaweni ye-Uruguay yanamuhla ne-Argentina. INingizimu Melika eseMpumalanga yindawo yokhadinali abampunga. Kodwa indoda enhle ye-indigo ingatholakala enyakatho yezwekazi kuphela, lapho, ngaphezu kwayo, izinhlobo ezibomvu, ezibomvu (upholi) zivamile.
Ukugqama kobukhosi
Okumpunga ukhadinali ngenye indlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-red-crested. Hhayi nje kuphela isicucu salezi zinhlobo esibomvu, kodwa futhi nesifihla-buso esizungeze uqhwaku, amehlo, kanye nebala kusuka emphinjeni kuye esifubeni ngendlela yesigaxa esigelezayo.
Ingemuva lenyoni, izimpiko zayo nengxenye engenhla yomsila kumnyama mpunga, isisu nesifuba kumhlophe qwa. Amakhadinali abomvu abobulili obuhlukile abaziwa neze. Kepha uma izithandani zihlala zihlangene, khona-ke owesifazane angahlukaniswa ngombala wekhanda ongaqinile, hhayi ogobile njengowesilisa, uqhwaku olunomusa ngokwengeziwe nokungakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-trill.
Ukugqama kobukhosi incamela ukuhlala ezihlahleni ezihlahlana osebeni lomfula. Lo mbhangqwana wenza izidleke ezinesimo esenziwe ngesitsha, uzibeke emagatsheni aphezulu ezihlahlana ezikhula kakhulu. Ukudla kwamakhadinali abomvu abomvu kuqukethe izinambuzane, imbewu yezihlahla namakhambi.
Iqoqo lamaqanda amane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lifukanyelwa yintokazi amasonto amabili. Amachwane achanyuswayo ondliwa bobabili ubaba nomama. Izingane ezineminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa ubudala ziyashiya esidlekeni, ngemuva kwalokho abazali bazo bayazinakekela futhi bazondle cishe amanye amasonto amathathu.
Ukhadinali wopholi
Emndenini wokhadinali, ukhokhhadinali (onsomi) ukhadinali uhlobo oluncane kunazo zonke, olwaqala lwachazwa ngumshana kaNapoleon, isazi sezinyoni uCharles Lucien Bonaparte. Indawo lapho le nyoni ihlala khona inqunyelwe eVenezuela naseColombia.
Ingqikithi yamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 yendawo yokuhlala ingaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo, lapho kunesimo sezulu esomile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukhadinali onsomi akakuthandi ukuhlala emahlathini aminyene, ekhetha izihlahlana kanye nehlathi elingajwayelekile. Inyoni yalolu hlobo inamaphiko angamasentimitha angama-22 kuphela ubude bomzimba obufinyelela ku-19 cm kanye nesisindo esifinyelela ku-30 g.
Esimweni sokujabula, ukhadinali obubende usakaza isiqholo njengopholi. Umlomo nawo ufana nale nyoni - yingakho igama lohlobo lwawo. Owesilisa uhlukaniswa ngezimpaphe ezibubende ngesifihla sobuso esimnyama. Abesifazane banombala onsundu ngokumpunga namabala ansomi angavamile emathangeni nasesinqeni.
Isisu nesifuba sabo kunombala ophuzi ngokusawolintshi, kuthi imaski ephaphathekile iphelela ngemuva kwekhanda. Ngokuphambene nokhadinali ababomvu, uqhwaku lohlobo lwepholi lumnyama futhi mpunga. Umbala ofanayo kuzidladla.
Umsebenzi wezinyoni uyanda ekuseni nakusihlwa. Lo mbhangqwana, ukhethe isiza sokuhlala, ngokuzithandela uyasivikela ekuhlaselweni abanye abantu nabanye abancintisana nabo. Abamele izinhlobo zopholi bahlukile kwamanye amakhadinali ngokuthanda kwabo ukudla kwezitshalo.
Zidla nezinambuzane, kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kudla kuqukethe imbewu, okusanhlamvu, ezinye izithelo, amajikijolo nezithelo ze-cactus. Ukhadinali opholi, esekhule izinyanga eziyi-12, ukhetha umbhangqwana, ohlala ethembekile kuye impilo yakhe yonke.
Ikhadinali eluhlaza
Indawo yokuhlala kukhadinali oluhlaza yizindawo ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele ezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika, isb. izindawo eziseningizimu ye-Argentina. Eyeduna iluhlaza okotshani kakhulu kunomlingani wayo. Isifihla-buso sikakhadinali oluhlaza siyimigqa emibili ebanzi ephuzi ngaphansi kwesihlwathi nangoqhwaku.
Imibhangqwana izizwa ikhululekile ekuthunjweni, izala kalula futhi ayesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi. Clutch siqukethe 3-4 okhanyayo grey amaqanda amachashazi. Iphuphu elisanda kuchanyuselwa linombala onsundu onsundu ngombala onsundu phansi. Kepha ngosuku lwe-17 lokuphila, lapho kufika isikhathi sokushiya isidleke, umbala wophaphe ufana nqwa nohlaza oluhlaza oluphaphathekile lukamama.
Ikhadinali ye-Indigo oatmeal
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zomndeni wekhadinali. Inyoni yezingoma yaseNyakatho Melika ingamasentimitha ayi-15 kuphela ukusuka oswini lwayo kuya esihlokweni somsila wayo.Iduna ngenkathi yokukhwelana lithola izimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpiko nomsila wazo kumnyama ngomngcele oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ngaphezu komlomo kunomugqa omnyama ofana netomu.
Lapho kuqala ubusika, umbala owesilisa uya ngokuya ubengcono, isisu nohlangothi lwangaphakathi lomsila lube mhlophe. Abesifazane banombala wophaphe onsundu onemigqa esifubeni kanye nemivimbo ephuzi ngoku nsundu ezimpikweni.
Isidleke sokhadinali oatmeal naso sime njengesitsha, esenziwe ngamahlumela amancane, utshani, izimpaphe nezinwele zezilwane. Umbala we-clutch wamaqanda ama-3-4 uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo.
IHabitat incike esikhathini: ehlobo kuseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada nasempumalanga ye-United States, kanti ebusika yiWest Indies neCentral America.
Inyoni eyikhadinali sekuyisikhathi eside iyiqhawe lezinganekwane eziningi zaseMelika. Izithombe zakhe nezithombe zakhe kuhlobisa izindlu ngoKhisimusi nangoNyaka Omusha. Kanye noSanta, amadoda eqhwa, ne-reindeer, inyoni ekhanyayo enezimpaphe ebomvu kumasiko aseMelika imele uphawu lukaKhisimusi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kukakhadinali waseVirginia, ngaphezu kwezimbewu zikaphayini, izithelo zezinye izitshalo, amagxolo namahlamvu e-elm. Izinambuzane eziningi zingasebenza njengokudla. Phakathi kwabo: amabhungane, ama-cicadas, izintethe. Ngokwemvelo, izinyoni zingadla iminenke, ama-elderberries, ama-cherries, ama-junipers, ama-strawberry, amagilebhisi. Ngeke bancame ummbila nokunye okusanhlamvu okusesigabeni sokuvuthwa kobisi.
Ekuthunjweni, okhadinali kudingeka bakwazi ukuhambisa okuningi, ngoba bathola isisindo esisheshayo ngokushesha. Ungabahlukanisela ukudla ngesikhonyane, amaphela aseMadagascar, amakhilikithi. Imifino, izithelo namajikijolo, amahlumela nezimbali zezihlahla zezithelo nakho ngeke kube yinto engadingekile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ama-trill wesilisa aba phezulu kakhulu futhi abe ngumculo. Umkhwenyana ushaya umsila wakhe, ukhipha isifuba sakhe esibomvu, akhombise umngani wakhe ohlangothini lwesobunxele, bese eyesokudla, ajike ashaye amaphiko akhe.
Njengoba sekwakhiwe umbhangqwana, insikazi iqala ukwakha isidleke esime njengendebe esihlahleni esiphansi noma emagatsheni aphezulu ezihlahla, futhi ubaba ozayo uyamsiza. I-clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-3-4 anombala oluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, afakwe phakathi ngwevu noma nsundu.
Ngenkathi insikazi ifukamela i-clutch, owesilisa uyayijabulisa ngezingoma, futhi kwesinye isikhathi uyacula ngokuthula. Wondla okhethiweyo wakhe, eletha izinambuzane nembewu. Ixosha ezinye izinyoni ngokutshiyoza okukhulu, ivikela isidleke ngokuzidela ekungeneleleni kwezilwane ezizingelayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile umama angashiya isidleke, khona-ke owesilisa uqobo uhlala ku-clutch.
Amachwane avela ezinsukwini eziyi-12-14. Abazali babondla kuphela ezinambuzaneni. Cishe ngosuku lwe-17, amatshwele ashiya isidleke sikayise, ngemuva kwalokho owesifazane aqhubekele ku-clutch elandelayo, bese owesilisa enezela inzalo yangaphambilini.
Endaweni yabo yemvelo, okhadinali abomvu baphila kusuka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengu-15. Ekuthunjweni, ngokuqukethwe okulungile, isikhathi sabo sokuphila singakhuphukela eminyakeni engama-30.
