Uphawu lwaseMinnesota, esinye sezifundazwe zaseMelika, lukhombisa inyoni enhle yasemanzini loon... Abahlali bezindawo ezisenyakatho bayayijwayela, okokuqala, ngenxa yokucula kwayo okumangalisayo, okuholela ekunciphiseni noma ekuthuseni. Ngenxa yezingcingo zezinyoni ezingajwayelekile, igama elithi “loon” seliphenduke igama kubantu baseMelika.
Umuntu oziphatha ngokudelela futhi ahleke kakhulu kungathiwa "uyahlanya, njenge-loon." Yize kunjalo, lezi zinyoni ezihlukile zinezinye izinto eziningi ezingadala ukuthandwa kweqiniso ngabathandi bezinyoni.
Incazelo nezici
Igama le-loon ngesiNgisi "loon" livela kwelesiSweden elithi "loj", okusho ukuthi "livila, liyindida". Izinyoni zathola isidlaliso esingathandeki kangako ngoba ama-loon ahamba phansi ngobunzima obukhulu. Isakhiwo somzimba wabo asijwayelekile: izidladla azitholakali maphakathi nomzimba, kodwa emsileni uqobo. Ngakho-ke, izinyoni azihambi, kodwa zikhasa ngokoqobo emhlabathini, zisunduza ngamaphiko azo.
I-Loon - inyoni enamaphiko amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi womzimba. Imvamisa amalon kudingeka agijime isikhathi eside emanzini, cishe ikota lekhilomitha ukusuka. Kepha, njengoba sebenyukele emoyeni, baba nesivinini esifinyelela ku-100 km ngehora. Lapho zihlala phezu kwamanzi, izidladla zezinyoni azihlanganyeli ekubhuleni amabhuleki, ama-loon awela esiswini sawo bese eshibilika aze ame ngokuphelele.
Amanzi ama-loon ayinto yakhona. Bethukile, imvamisa abakhuphukeli emoyeni, kepha bayatshuza. Umzimba wenyoni usika emanzini njenge-torpedo. Izinyawo ezine-webbed zihlinzeka ngokudonsa, kanti izimpaphe zomsila zinikeza ukusonta nokujika. Amathambo emathambo awalona igobongo njengalawo ezinye izinyoni. Zinzima kakhulu futhi zinzima, ezisiza ama-loon ukuthi acwile kalula. Ama-Loon angahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu.
Izimpaphe ezimibalabala zama-loon zizala izinganekwane. Isibonelo, kwenye inganekwane yamaNdiya aseMelika, kuthiwa indoda ebonga usizo lwe-loon yafaka umgexo omuhle owenziwe ngamagobolondo entanyeni yayo. Ngempela, loon esithombeni - ubuhle bangempela, futhi ukudweba ezimpapheni zenyoni ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kuyathandeka.
Intamo yayo ihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emhlophe egqamile, futhi imigqa eminingi emhlophe namachashazi "kuhlakazekile" emaphikweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-loon lunemininingwane yalo ekhethekile yombala: i-iridescent blue, red or black collars. Umbala othokozisayo wezimpaphe ze-loon, obonakala kakhulu emhlabathini, emanzini uwusebenzisa njengokufihla okuhle, ukuhlangana nokukhanya kwelanga.
Maphakathi nekwindla, ama-loon aqala ukuncibilika - alahlekelwe izimpaphe zawo ezinhle. Okokuqala ukuwa yizimpaphe ezikhula zizungeze uqhwaku, esilevini nasebunzini. Ebusika, ama-loon "agqoka" ngengubo empunga.
Izinyoni ziqapha ngokucophelela izimpaphe zazo. Bavame ukuhlunga izimpaphe zabo futhi bagcobe ngalinye ngamafutha akhethekile afihlwe yindlala ethile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izisekelo zezimpaphe ezincanyana ziboshwe ngokuqinile futhi zingavumeli amanzi ukuthi adlule. Ukuqhekeka okuncane kungabulala: amanzi abandayo asongela i-hypothermia.
Abaphenyi ababona indlela i-loon esebenza ngayo baye bathola izinhlobo eziningana zemisindo yezinyoni. Okudume kakhulu ukumemeza loon kufana nokuhleka okukhulu kohlanya. Ngendlela engajwayelekile, izinyoni ezindiza emoyeni zixwayisa izihlobo zazo ngengozi. Omunye umsindo ozothile owenziwe ama-loon ufana ne-whoop eyethile. Yile ndlela abazali ababiza ngayo amatshwele.
Kuthi kusihlwa, selishonile ilanga, emachibini asenyakatho, uvame ukuzwa ukukhala okuhehayo kudabula ukuthula. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyaphutha ukukhala kwempisi. Eqinisweni, yizinkomo ezingamaduna eziqapha indawo yazo. Bayabhukuda, bazimemezele ngokumemeza nangokukhala. Iduna ngalinye linezwi elihlukile kanti amanye ama-loon amhlukanisa ebumnyameni futhi aqhelelene.
Lalela izwi le-loon enentamo emhlophe
Izwi le-loon ekhokhelwe emhlophe
Izwi le-black-throated loon
Izwi le-loon enomqala obomvu
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo ze-Loon zihlukaniswa ngosayizi, indawo yokuhlala, nombala okhethekile wezimpaphe noqhwaku. Abaqaphi bezinyoni babala izinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinyoni ezifudukayo.
- I-loon ekhokhiswa okumhlophe inegama elihlukile uGavia Adamsii, elinikezelwe kusosayensi wezokwelapha waseMelika uE. Adams. Uchithe iminyaka eminingi yempilo yakhe ehlola ubukhulu be-Arctic. Ngo-1859, ingcweti yezinyoni ezingamaNgisi uJ. Gray waba ngowokuqala ukuchaza izici ze-loon ekhokhiswa ezimhlophe. Le yinyoni engajwayelekile. Kubhalwe ohlwini lohlobo oluvikelwe emazweni amaningi, kubandakanya iRussia, iNgilandi kanye ne-United States. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa nosayizi wazo omkhulu. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela kuma-90 cm, kanti isisindo singaphezu kuka-6 kg.
- I-Polar ama-black loon noma ama-loon anama-black-billed (Gavia immer) ahlukile kwezinye izinhlobo, njengoba igama lisho, ngombala omnyama woqhwaku nekhanda. Bahlala eNyakatho Melika, e-Iceland, eNewfoundland nakwezinye iziqhingi. Ubusika buchithwa olwandle lwaseYurophu naseMelika.
- I-loon emnyama, ebizwa ngemibuthano yesayensi iGavia artica, itholakala kaningi kunamanye ama-loon. Kungabonakala enyakatho yeRussia, nasemachibini aphezulu e-Altai, nase-Alaska, nase-Asia Ephakathi. Isici salo ngumugqa omnyama obanzi entanyeni.
- I-loon enentamo emhlophe inobukhulu obumaphakathi. Indawo yokuhlala nemikhuba kufana ncamashi ne-loon enomphimbo omnyama. Okucacile ukuthi lolu hlobo lungafudukela emhlambini, hhayi ngakunye. Igama layo lesiLatin iGavia pacifica.
- I-loon enomphimbo obomvu noma iGavia stellata - okuncane kunawo wonke ama-loon. Isisindo sayo asikho ngaphezu kwe-3 kg. Lezi zinhlobo zihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu ezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia. Ngenxa yesisindo sayo esiphansi, izingulube ezinomphunga obomvu kulula ukuzikhuphula emoyeni. Ebona ingozi, uvame ukusuka, kunokuba angene ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ama-Loon achitha iningi lempilo yawo emanzini. Zakha emanzini athule. Bathanda ikakhulukazi amaxhaphozi, lapho cishe kungekho bantu khona. Ebusika, amachibi ambozwe uqweqwe olujiyile, futhi ugu lwawo lumbozwe yiqhwa.
Ama-Loon awashintshelwa ezimeni ezinzima kangako, ngakho-ke ayaphoqeleka ukuba achithe ubusika ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu. Bahlala lapho ulwandle nolwandle kungabandi khona, bahlala osebeni olunamadwala. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, izinyoni zihlangana njengemihlambi efanayo futhi zilima amanzi asogwini.
Ebusika, i-loon kunzima ukuyibona olwandle: ayimemezi futhi inezimpaphe ezihluke ngokuphelele - ezimpunga futhi ezingamangalisi. Izinyoni zize zilahlekelwe yimpaphe yomsila, futhi isikhathi esingangenyanga azikwazi ukundiza. Abantu abadala bayandiza minyaka yonke. Ama-loon amancane ahlala olwandle eminye iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu ngaphambi kokuba abuyele lapho azalelwa khona.
Ngo-Ephreli, iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika emachibini asenyakatho. Kude ngaseningizimu, izingulube zilungiselela ukuhamba. Ngalesi sikhathi, ziguquka zibe yingubo yasehlobo. Omunye umuzwa wangaphakathi ongaqondakali ubatshela ukuthi amachibi akude asenyakatho akulungele ukuwathola.
Uhambo olusenyakatho luthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa, kwesinye isikhathi amasonto. Endleleni, bayama emachibini ukuze baphumule futhi badobe. Isibonelo, kulo lonke izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika kunamachibi amaningi anamanzi abandayo futhi acwebile.
Kukholakala ukuthi bakha ngemuva kokuhlehla kweqhwa ngesikhathi seminyaka ethile yeqhwa. Abaphenyi bacabanga ukuthi ama-loon alandela iqhwa elibuyela emuva ngasenyakatho, ethola ukudla kulezi zinhlaka zamanzi. Kusukela lapho, zilala ngasogwini lolwandle, futhi ngenkathi yokuzalanisa zibuyela emachibini asemaphakathi nezwe.
Manje abantu bayaqhubeka nokubadlulela phambili enyakatho. Minyaka yonke, ama-loon abuyela emachibini awo endabuko ayozala amachwane awo. Bathola indawo yabo yakudala ngaphandle kwephutha. Ama-Loon agcina isikhathi: afika njalo ezinsukwini ezinhlanu iqhwa selincibilikile, imvamisa ngosuku olufanayo.
Imvamisa abesilisa bavela kuqala echibini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi bafike kusenesikhathi, bathathe indawo yokwakha isidleke nendawo yokudoba. Akufanele bachithe umzuzu ukukhulisa inzalo. Banezinyanga ezingaphezudlwana kweziyisikhombisa ngaphambi kokuba iqhwa neqhwa kubasunduzele eningizimu futhi.
Abaphikisi baxazulula izingxabano ngezimangalo zendawo. Izinyoni zikhombisa ulaka ngokungena endaweni yokulwa bese zikhipha umlomo. Abesilisa bakhipha izingcingo ezikhethekile, balwela indawo.
Indawo yefa le-loon ingalinganiselwa esilinganisweni esincane samamitha ayishumi, noma kungaba yichibi lonke amamitha ayikhulu namakhulu amabili ubude. Ama-loon adinga izindawo zokuhlala kahle, amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile nenkundla yokudlala efihlekile.
Njengoba amaphuphu ekhula futhi ezimele, indlela yokuziphatha kwabazali iyashintsha. Ngesikhathi esichazwe ngokuqinile, ziyashiya insimu yazo noma zize zindiza ziye kolunye uhlangothi lwamanzi ukuze zixhumane nezinye izinyoni.
Ekuqaleni, ama-loon angajwayelekile abonisa ulaka oluthile komunye nomunye. Lapho-ke, sebehlangane, bashintsha ithoni yabo yezwi isuke enenzondo iye kumnene, futhi inkampani yonke iyajikeleza ngomdanso. Kwesinye isikhathi i-loon, engeyendawo yomhlangano ojwayelekile, yenza "indingilizi yodumo".
Le "mibuthano" yenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo futhi iqhubeke ngoSepthemba, ibe yanda ngokwengeziwe. Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi basebenzelani. Ngokungafani namahansi nezinye izinyoni ezifudukayo, ama-loon awahambeli ngaseningizimu.
Zikhetha ukundiza zodwa, ngazimbili, noma kuyaqabukela ngamaqembu amancane. Ama-Loon azinikele kumlingani wakhe impilo yakhe yonke. Kuphela uma omunye "wabashadikazi" efa, le nyoni iphoqeleka ukuthi iphinde ifune umlingani.
Imininingwane ethakazelisayo: kwamanye amachibi, ama-loon awangcolisi amanzi ngendle yawo. Izinyoni ezisencane ngokushesha zifunda ukuya endlini yangasese endaweni ethile osebeni. Uketshezi lwama-loon lunothe kakhulu kumaminerali nosawoti. Lapho zomile, ziba umthombo wosawoti wezinambuzane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Yize ebukeka kahle, ikakhulukazi ama-loon yizinyoni ezidla inyama. Ukudla okumnandi abakuthandayo yinhlanzi encane. Ngemuva kwayo, ama-loon akwazi ukucwila ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha angama-50. Izinyoni zibhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi ngokushesha nangobuciko kangangokuthi izinhlanzi ezinama-nimble azikwazi ukukubalekela.
Ngaphezu kokujaha, i-loon inenye indlela yokubamba izinhlanzi: ukuzikhipha ezikhoselweni ezansi. Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinamaphiko kungabandakanya ama-crustaceans, ama-shrimps, ama-molluscs, izibungu nezinye izakhamuzi ezincane zamanzi.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, izibungu zezinambuzane, izingulube kanye nefry ziba ukudla okuyinhloko kwamachwane. Lapho ekhula, ama-loon amancane aya ezinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zithanda izinhlanzi ezinomzimba omncane, omile. Lezi zinhlanzi kulula ukuzigwinya ziphelele.
Ngezikhathi ezithile ama-Loon adla ulwelwe, kodwa lezi zinyoni zasemanzini azikwazi ukuhlala ekudleni kwezitshalo isikhathi eside. Empilweni esebenzayo, badinga izakhamzimba eziqukethwe ekudleni okuvela ezilwaneni.
Kulokhu, uma kuba nzima ngezinyoni ukuthola ukudla echibini, zindiza ziye kwenye noma ziye endaweni yolwandle “enenhlanzi” ngaphezulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-loon amadala anamachwane amabili abamba izinhlanzi ezingama-500 kg ngesikhathi sasehlobo.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Ama-Loon ayakwazi ukuzala ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Umuntu angalindela ukuthi, ngokusho kwezimpaphe zabo zikanokusho, ama-loon amangalisa kakhulu ukunakekelwa. Noma kunjalo, akunjalo.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezinyoni sinokuthula impela, ikakhulukazi imibhangqwana ebihlale iminyaka ndawonye. Owesilisa kulaba bantu ababili akudingeki azikhathaze ngokubonisa amakhono noma imidanso enzima.
Ama-loon akhombisa ukunganaki okuthile ekudlekeni. Izindawo abahlala kuzo zifana nezinqwaba zotshani obunqenqemeni lwamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi zisondele kakhulu emaphethelweni ukuthi izimvula zasentwasahlobo noma amagagasi esikebhe anciphisa amaqanda. Izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu izidleke yiziqhingana ezincane, ngoba izilwane ezidla ezinye azikwazi ukufinyelela kuzo.
EMelika naseCanada, abantu bendawo abafuna ama-loon azinze emachibini abo bakha iziqhingi ezikhethekile zokwenziwa ngezingodo. Isibonelo, e-American New Hampshire, cishe ama-20% ama-loon ahlala eziqhingini ezinjalo.
Isiqhingi esintantayo sinethuba lokungagcini amanzi ngesikhathi sezimvula zasehlobo. Futhi uma izinga lamanzi lehla ngenxa yamadamu noma amadamu, isidleke asikude kakhulu kuso.
Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo (Ephreli-Meyi), i-loon yesifazane izalela iqanda elilodwa noma amabili amakhulu. Umbala wamaqanda uluhlaza okotshani okuncane okunezinhlamvu ezincane, ezivamile. Lo mbala wenza amaqanda kube nzima ukuwabona phakathi kwamahlathi asogwini. Futhi ubukhulu obukhulu bamaqanda buvumela ukugcinwa kokushisa okungcono, ngokungafani namaqanda amancane, aphola ngokushesha.
Abazali abanezimpaphe bayashintshana nge-clutch kuze kube amaphuphu achanyuselwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa naye uyasebenza ekuchamuseleni inzalo, njengowesifazane. Cishe isikhathi esingangenyanga, izinyoni kufanele zikhuthazelele imvula esindayo nelanga elishisayo. Kepha abakaze bashiye isidleke nge-clutch ngokuzithandela.
Kweminye imizimba yamanzi, izimbungulu ezicasulayo ezimunca igazi ziba isivivinyo esinzima sama-loon ahleli ezidlekeni. Isikhathi sokuvela kwama-midges avela ezibungu siqondana nesikhathi sokufukamela kwamaqanda.
Amaqanda e-Loon ayindlela yokwelashwa eyintandokazi ezilwaneni ezifana nama-raccoon. Bangabhubhisa cishe wonke amaqanda ezinyoni echibini. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ama-loon angangena ekubekeni kabusha.
Izingane zivela ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Njengezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, amachwane e-loon anezinyo elikhethekile leqanda asika ngalo igobolondo leqanda. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu alahlekelwa yilokhu "ukujwayela".
Njengoba bengasenaso isikhathi sokomisa, bavele bangene emanzini, lapho abazali babo abanakekelayo bebabiza khona. Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa kwamachwane, ama-loon agijimela ukususa igobolondo lamaqanda ukuze agweme ukubonakala kwezilwane ezidonswa iphunga elikuwo. Uma esemanzini, amaphuphu azama ukucwila ngokushesha.
Abazali baxosha izingane zabo kude nesidleke futhi bathuthele kuhlobo "lwenkundla yokudlala". Uvame ukutholakala ekhoneni elifihlekile lempahla ye-loon, evikelwe emimoyeni enamandla nasemagagasini amakhulu. Ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-11, ingubo efudumele yamachwane isuswa ngezimpaphe zokuqala ezimpunga. Ngalesi sikhathi, sezivele zikwazi ukundiza.
Emanzini, izimfudu ezidla ubhedu kanye namaphiki kubeka engcupheni amachwane. Uma abazali bekude, ama-loon amancane aba yizisulu kalula. Indawo ephephe kakhulu yamachwane entekenteke ingemuva kwabazali.
Zigibela emhlane wazo futhi zicashe ngaphansi kwephiko lomzali onakekelayo, izingane zingafudumala futhi zome. Amachwane ancintisana ngokubheka ukunakekelwa kwabazali. Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi kumatshwele amabili, kusinda eyodwa kuphela, okunamandla nokushesha ukushesha.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ama-Loon angaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Inyoni ebiphila isikhathi eside ebibhekiwe ibingaphili izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela ize ibe yiminyaka engama-28. Kodwa-ke, kunezizathu eziningi zokunciphisa impilo yezinyoni.
Ama-loon amaningi afa unyaka ngamunye ngokugwinya izingwegwe zomthofu nosinki noma abhajwe emanetheni okudoba. Ukuxutywa kwamachibi kusho ukuthi amakhulu amachibi asenyakatho asala engenazo izinhlanzi, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokudla kwama-loon.
Uma loon engenaso isikhathi sokundiza ngaphambi kokuba ichibi limbozwe yiqhwa, lingaba yiqhwa noma libe isisulu somzingeli. Kweminye imizimba yamanzi, abathanda ukuhlola ngokukhethekile insimu ukuze basize izinyoni ezisele ziphume ogibeni lweqhwa. Yize kunezici ezahlukahlukene ezimbi, inani lama-loon liselikhulu impela.
