Ukuhlangana nesidalwa esingajwayelekile ngenani lemilenze elingabaleki kubangela ukunengeka kubantu. Scolopendra lingena emafulethini, ezindlini, libangele abantu ukuba bamangale. Kuphakama imibuzo, ukuthi indawo enjalo iyingozi kangakanani nokuthi siyini lesi sidalwa esincanyana.
Incazelo nezici
I-centipede ingeyohlobo lwe-tracheal arthropods. Ezimweni zemvelo isinambuzane se-scolopendra kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwabahlali basehlathini, kunezinhlobonhlobo zamathambo ezifuywayo akhethe ukusondelana nabantu. Ngokusho kwezazi zebhayoloji, i-scolopendra ayisona isinambuzane ngempela, ososayensi bahlukanisa isidalwa njenge-labiopod centipede.
Umzimba we-centipede omdala unombala ophuzi-mpunga, onsundu. I-pigmentation iyahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Umzimba oyisicaba uhlukaniswe waba izingxenye eziyi-15, ingxenye ngayinye ihlala emilenzeni yayo.
Ubude bomzimba buvamise ukuba ngaphakathi kuka-4-6 cm, kepha e-Australia, ezifundazweni eziseningizimu yeMelika, kutholakala izinhlobo ezinkulu ezifika ku-30 cm.Imilenze yangaphambili iziphozili eziguqulwe ukubamba inyamazane. Imilenze ifakwe uzipho lapho kudlula khona izindlala ezinobuthi.
Imilenze emibili elandelanayo ngemuva isiza lesi sinambuzane ukuhlala emhlabathini ongalingani. Amehlo abhekene ahlinzeka ngokubandlulula phakathi kobumnyama nokukhanya, intshebe emincane idlulisa ukudlidlizela okuncane. Imilenze yangemuva mide, njengamadevu, ngakho-ke kuba nzima ukuthola ukuthi isiqalo nesiphetho somzimba wesinambuzane sikuphi.
Scolopendra esithombeni kuyindida kwabangazi - kunzima ukuthola ukuthi owokuqala, uphi umlenze wokugcina. Izinambuzane zikhula ngokuqhubekayo ngezigaba ze-molting. Uma kwenzeka ulahlekelwa yimilenze ngazinye, ziyakhula futhi.
Izingubo ze-centipede ze-chitinous azihlukile ekhonweni layo lokwelula njengoba likhula, ngakho-ke i-exoskeleton ilahlwa ngesikhathi esithile lapho umuntu ekulungele ukukhula ngosayizi. Amajita ashintsha igobolondo lawo eliqinile kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ama-centipedes amadala - kabili ngonyaka.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi komlotha, umphenyi wenqaba ukudla - uphawu lokuzimisela ukulahla izingubo zalo ezindala. I-centipede ayesabi abantu - ingena kunoma yikuphi ukungena kwendlu, amatende abavakashi, izindlu zokuhlala zasehlobo. Abantu bahlala bodwa.
Ikhaya likaScolopendra, ngaphandle kwendawo engathandeki, ayilimazi muntu. Abathandi bezinye izizwe banezinambuzane futhi bazigcina ezindaweni ezibucayi. Kodwa akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezingenangozi. Isiphuphu esincane, uma sidlula emzimbeni womuntu, asilumi ngaphandle kwesizathu, sishiya ngemuva isikhwehlela esiyimbangela ebonakala ngathi siyasha.
Imilenze yesinambuzane ihlome ngameva anobuthi, ishiya ngemuva imisindo yesikhumba. I-Scolopendra ayikhombisi ubudlova esimeni sayo esijwayelekile, uma ingaphazanyiswa. Isinambuzane asimoshi ubuthi baso.
Kepha uma ngengozi ucindezela phansi i-centipede, lapho-ke ekuzivikeleni, ingagxuma phezulu, ilume. Imiphumela ivezwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene - kusuka ekuvuvukeni okuncane, ubuhlungu kuye esimeni somkhuhlane.
Izinhlobo ezinamandla zase-tropical ze-scolopendra ziyingozi kakhulu. EVietnam, eCalifornia, izidalwa ze-arthropod zihlala, zishiya ukusha okufana nezilonda ze-asidi. Kwanele ukuthi i-centipede igijime phezu kwesikhumba ukulimaza isikhumba. Ukulunywa kwabantu abakhulu kuyafana ebuhlungwini bokulunywa unondindwa, umnyovu.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezingamakhulu amaningana ezihlukene zama-millipedes. Zihlanganiswe ngesakhiwo sazo zokwakheka, inqwaba yemilenze. Izinhlobo eziningi zaziwa kabanzi.
I-flycatcher evamile, noma i-scooter. I-centipede empunga ephuzi ingamasentimitha ama-4 kuya ku-4 ubude, ihlala eYurophu, ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia, eKazakhstan. Imvamisa kutholakala emahlamvu omile. Ukuqhuma okubandayo kwenza abantu bafune isiphephelo emizini yabantu - ingena ezindlini ezingaphansi, ngamapayipi angenisa umoya ingena ezindlini zangasese nasemagumbini okugeza.
Akakwazi ukuluma ngesikhumba somuntu, ngakho-ke, ingozi enkulu evela kuyo ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala okuncane endaweni yokuluma. Isimenywa esingalindelekile efulethini ngokuvamile sithathwa ngefosholo bese sithunyelwa ngefasitela.
I-Scolopendra Crimea. Uhlala e-Afrika, emazweni aseMedithera, eCrimea. Igama lesibili lifakiwe. Umzimba ufinyelela ku-15 cm ubude. Umzingeli onekhono uyakwazi ukubhekana nesilwane esincanyana ngosayizi, isibonelo, izibankwa. Imihlathi eqinile igcwele ushevu. Ngemuva kokunyakaza, ishiya ukusha emzimbeni womuntu ngendlela yamabala abomvu avela ezinyaweni ezinobuthi.
I-centipede enkulu. Igama ligcizelela ubukhulu obukhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwalezi zidalwa - umzimba we-centipede ukhula ufike ku-30 cm, uqukethe izingxenye ezingama-22-23. Abantu abaphethe amarekhodi bafinyelela kubude obungu-50 cm.
Isembozo se-Chitinous sombala obomvu obomvu noma onsundu, imilenze ekhanyayo ephuzi. Umzingeli udla izinambuzane, udla amasele, amagundane, kwesinye isikhathi nezinyoni. Ukuhlangana nesikhulu esikhulu kuyingozi.
Ubuthi be-giant centipede abuholeli ekufeni, kodwa budala i-edema enkulu, ubuhlungu obubukhali, nomkhuhlane. UScolopendra uhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika, ezindaweni eziyisiqhingi.
Ikhanda elibomvu laseShayina. I-Scolopendra ihlukaniswa ngokwazi ukuhlala emphakathini onohlobo lwayo, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Emithini yamaShayina, ama-centipedes abomvu asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo zesikhumba.
I-California centipede. Izici ezihlukile zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zisekuthandeni izindawo ezomile, yize izihlobo eziningi zithambekele ezindaweni ezimanzi. Ukulunywa kunoshevu, kubangela ukuvuvukala, ukucasuka okukhulu kwesikhumba amahora amaningana.
UScolopendra Lucas. Kutholakala eningizimu yeYurophu. I-centipede inekhanda elikhethekile elimise okwenhliziyo. Ezinye izinhlamvu ziyefana nezinye izihlobo.
Ama-centipedes angaboni. Izidalwa ezincane ezinobuthi, ubude obungu-15-40 mm kuphela. Awekho amehlo. Ekhanda kunezindlebe ezimbili, imihlathi, ne-maxillae. Azikwazi ukulimaza kakhulu, kepha ngohlobo oluchotshoziwe, ama-arthropod anobuthi ikakhulukazi. Inyoni edle ingculazi enjalo izofakwa ubuthi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Endaweni yemvelo, i-scolopendra ikhetha izindawo ezinomswakama ngaphansi komthunzi wamahlamvu wokukhosela. Imisebe yelanga nomoya owomile womisa imizimba yabo, ngakho-ke banqwabelana ngeziqu ezibolayo, ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla ezindala, kudoti wamaqabunga awile, emifantwini yamathambeka amatshe nasemigedeni.
Ama-centipedes omndeni nawo avela emakamelweni anomswakama ophezulu - izindlu zangasese, izindlu zangaphansi. Ukufudumala nobumanzi kuyizindawo ezifanelekile zama-labiopods. Esimweni sezulu esibandayo, zifihla, azibonisi umsebenzi.
I-Scolopendra inobuthi - umhlaseli wangempela. Izimpondo ezinde yizitho zomqondo eziyinhloko ezisiza ukuqondisa nokukhomba isisulu. Amehlo okuqala abona ubukhulu bokukhanya okukhanya.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-millipedes ziyingozi kakhulu ezincelisayo ezincane, ezihuquzelayo, izinambuzane. Ukulunywa okunoshevu kukhubaza isisulu, bese i-scolopendra iqala ukudla kancane inyamazane. Abazingeli abahle kakhulu bayasebenza noma ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku, kepha ukusebenza kahle kwama-forays ebusuku wezilwane kuyinto ephakeme.
Ntambama ngisho isikhulu esikhulu Uxabana kakhulu, uzama ukucasha ukuze angabi yisisulu somunye umuntu. Izinyoka, amagundane, namakati asendle adla ama-millipedes adlayo. Ukudla okunjalo kuyingozi kubo ngenxa yama-parasites emzimbeni we-arthropods, ukuqongelela okunobuthi kuzindlala zangaphakathi.
Izwe lakubo le-scolopendra libhekwa njengezindawo zaseNingizimu Yurophu naseNyakatho Afrika. AmaCentipedes asabalele eMoldova naseKazakhstan. Izinhlobo ezincane zitholakala yonke indawo.
Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala zodwa. Impilo yezenhlalo ayizalwanga kuma-arthropods. Ukuhlukumeza izihlobo akuvamile ukubonakaliswa, kepha izimpi ziholela ekufeni komunye wezimbangi. Ama-Scolopendras ayaluma futhi aqine, abambelela esitheni. Omunye wama-centipedes uyafa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Imvelo inikeze ama-millipedes amadivayisi we-anatomical wokubamba ngempumelelo izisulu - imihlathi yomlenze, i-pharynx ebanzi, izindlala ezinobuthi, imilenze eqinile. Ama-arthropods asekhaya abizwa ngokuthi ama-flycatcher ngekhono lawo lokuvimbela izinambuzane, bese edla isikhathi eside.
Kunzima ukubalekela kumzingeli onekhono futhi osheshayo. Ikhono lokugijima ezindaweni eziqondile nezime mpo, ukusabela ngokushesha kunoma yikuphi ukudlidliza kumnika ithuba. Amaphela, izimbungulu, izicabucabu ziba ukudla.
I-centipede ikwazi ukubamba izisulu eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, izibambe ezinqeni zayo, bese ibadla eyodwa ngesikhathi. Kuyanelisa kancane futhi isikhathi eside. Ukuluma kwe-Scolopendra ngoba izidalwa eziningi ezincane ziyabulala, ukubulala izidumbu ezingenamandla okwenza isilwane se-arthropod akunzima.
Izilwane ezingaphansi komhlaba zithakazelisa kakhulu kuma-centipedes asehlathini. Lezi yizibungu zomhlaba, izibungu, amabhungane. Lapho abazingeli bephuma lapho bacashe khona, babamba izintethe, amacimbi, amakhilikithi, izintuthwane, ngisho neminyovu nje.
Umqondo othuthukile wokuthinta usiza izilwane ezidla ezinye ukuthi zizondle ngokudla. Uhlelo lokuqala lokugaya ukudla ludinga ukucutshungulwa okuphakelayo njalo. Indlala yenza isiphukuphuku sibe nolaka. Izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-tropical scolopendra zidla amagundane amancane, izinyoka, izibankwa, nokuhlasela amatshwele namalulwane.
Labo abathanda ukufuya i-scolopendra kuma-terrariums kudingeka bazi ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene azikwazi ukutshalwa esitsheni esisodwa. Izilwane ezidla inyama zingadla abantu - umuntu oqinile uzodla i-centipede ebuthakathaka.
Ukuguquguquka kwazo okungokwemvelo okumangalisayo kuvumela lezi zidalwa ukuba zikhase zingene ezindaweni eziwumngcingo nezinesibindi sokucasha. Ngakho-ke, akuyona inkinga kuye ukubaleka terrarium. Okuqukethwe kwe-arthropods kunezici zayo.
Umhlabathi kufanele ufakwe manzi ukuze ulungele ukugqitshwa. Ungangeza izintwala zezinkuni ezinama-crustaceans kuma-millipedes, ama-centipedes abo awathintwa. Ukondla ama-arthropods kufanele kube seduze nemvelo - amakhilikithi, izikelemu zokudla, amaphela, izinambuzane. Izinga lokushisa esibayeni kufanele ligcinwe cishe ku-27 ° C.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
I-Scolopendra ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala phakathi nentwasahlobo futhi siqhubeka ehlobo. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa. Indawo yokwakhiwa kwamatshe ikhethiwe inamanzi futhi ifudumele. Ku-clutch eyodwa, kunezicucu ezisuka ku-35 kuye kwezi-120, hhayi yonke imibungu esindayo. Abesifazane banakekela i-clutch, bayimboze ngezidladla zabo engozini.
Lapho izibungu zivuthwa, kuvela izibungu ezincane. Izidalwa ezisanda kuvela zinezimbhangqa zemilenze ezi-4 kuphela. Ngenqubo yokuthuthuka, i-molt ngayinye ye-centipede ivula ithuba lesigaba esisha sokukhula.
Isikhathi esithile, umama useceleni kwenzalo. I-scolopendra encane ngokushesha ijwayele imvelo, iqale impilo ezimele. Ama-arthropods phakathi kwama-invertebrates angama-centenarians wangempela. Ukuqaphela ama-centipedes ekuthunjweni kukhombisile ukuthi iminyaka eyi-6-7 yokuphila kubo yinto ejwayelekile.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma ulunywa yi-scolopendra
Ukukhanya kwe-scolopendra enemibala, kuthwala ubuthi obuningi ngokwako. Izidladla ezibomvu zikhombisa ukukhishwa kobuthi lapho i-centipede ihamba emzimbeni wesisulu. Kungani i-centipede iyingozi?, ngaphandle kokusha, yazi labo okungenani kanye abalimaze ngengozi.
Ukulunywa yi-centipede ukuzivikela kubuhlungu kakhulu, kepha hhayi ukusongela impilo. Isikhumba somuntu siminyene kakhulu kuma-arthropods. Izingane ezinesikhumba esincane, abantu abajwayele ukubonakaliswa kokungezwani komzimba basengozini enkulu yemiphumela emibi yokulunywa.
Ukulunywa kwe-scolopendra encane kuholela ekubomvu kwesayithi lesilonda, umuzwa ovuthayo, nokwakhiwa kokuvuvukala okuncane. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, imiphumela yokuhlukumezeka iyanyamalala iyodwa.
Ukulunywa okukodwa kwe-centipede enkulu kungaqhathaniswa ne-punctures engu-20 yomnyovu noma inyosi. Ubuhlungu obunzima, izimpawu zokudakwa aziboniswa kuphela endaweni yendawo yomonakalo, kodwa futhi nasenhlalakahleni jikelele yesisulu. Ubuthi busebenza ngokushesha.
Izimo zokuthintana ngokungazelelwe nama-centipedes zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokunyuka, ukuhamba ehlathini nomsebenzi wezolimo. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi ungangeni esikhwameni sokulala ngaphandle kokuhlola okuqukethwe, ungagijimeli ukugqoka izicathulo ezihlale ubusuku obuseduze netende - iscopopra besingagibela lapho.
Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukulungiswa kwezinkuni noma ukuqaqa isakhiwo esidala ngamagilavu aminyene. Ama-centipedes aphazamisekile anolaka ikakhulukazi, yize nawo uqobo engalokothi ahlasele umuntu. Okuyingozi kakhulu ama-centipedes amakhulu emahlathini aseNingizimu Melika. Ezweni lakithi, iCrimea scolopendra ithwala usongo lokufaka ushevu, yize kukhona ubuthi obuncane kakhulu kuyo.
Ukulunywa kwabesifazane kuhlala kubuhlungu kakhulu, kuyingozi kakhulu. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zesilonda esinobuthi:
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphezulu, kuze kufike ku-39 ° C;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu, obufaniswa nezinyosi, iminyovu;
- ukushisa kwesikhumba;
- ubuthakathaka, i-malaise ejwayelekile.
Ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona ama-centipedes anobuthi, kufanele uqaphele, ugqoke izicathulo ezivaliwe, ungazami ukuhlola umgodi wesihlahla esidala ngezandla zakho. Uma ukuluma kwenzeka, kunconywa ukuthi uqale ngokugeza isilonda ngamanzi nensipho yokuwasha.
Imvelo ene-alkaline inciphisa imiphumela emibi yobuthi. Okulandelayo, udinga ukwelapha isilonda ngesinqandakuvunda, noma yisiphi isixazululo esiqukethe utshwala. Indwangu eyinyumba kufanele ifakwe esikhundleni sesilonda, futhi isilonda kufanele sibhandishwe. Ukugqoka kudinga ukuguqulwa ngemuva kwamahora angaba ngu-12.
Isisulu sidinga ukuphuza uketshezi oluthe xaxa ukukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa iziphuzo ezidakayo - zithuthukisa umphumela wobuthi ngokusebenzisa imetabolism esebenzayo. Abantu abanempilo ebuthaka, izingane kufanele zifune usizo olufanelekile.
Ukulunywa kuyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kokungezwani komzimba okunamandla, kubalulekile ukuthatha i-antihistamine etholakalayo. Akufanelekile ukubheka i-scolopendra njengesitha somuntu, kubalulekile ukuqonda izici zalesi sidalwa semvelo ukuze ugweme ukuxhumana okungathandeki naye.
