I-Komodo dragon - isilwane esihuquzelayo esidlayo. Ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke woqaphiwe wesigcilikisha uhlobo. Ngokubukeka kwayo okwesabisayo nemvelo enolaka, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi udrako. Kutholakala eziqhingini ezingama-4 zase-Indonesia. Udrako waqanjwa ngegama lesiqhingi saseKomodo. Kuyo naseziqhingini zaseRincha naseFlores, sebebonke, bahlala cishe abantu abayi-5 000. Kunezilwane eziyikhulu kuphela esiqhingini saseGili Motang.
Incazelo nezici
Osayizi abahlukile bayisici esiyinhloko salesi silwane esihuquzelayo. Ubude, owesilisa omdala ukhula aze afike kumamitha angu-2.6. Abesifazane balula baze bafike kumamitha ayi-2.2. Isisindo sedragoni yeKomodo ifinyelela kuma-90 kg. Lesi isisindo serekhodi abesilisa abakwaziyo ukusenza. Abesifazane balula, isisindo sabo asidluli ku-70 kg. Abahlali bezilwane banosayizi abakhulu ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Izibankwa ezilahlekelwe yinkululeko, kepha zithola ukudla okujwayelekile zingakhula ziye kumamitha amathathu.
Isibankwa esikhulu sinephunga elibucayi. Esikhundleni samakhala, sisebenzisa ulimi ukuthola iphunga. Ihambisa ama-molecule anephunga elimnandi ayise engxenyeni ethambile. Isibankwa esiqapha sithatha iphunga lenyama ebangeni lamakhilomitha ambalwa.
Zonke izinzwa azithuthuki kangako. Umbono ukuvumela ukuthi ubone izinto zibekwe kude ngamamitha angama-300. Njengezibankwa eziningi, isibankwa sokuqapha sinemisele emibili yezindlebe, kodwa inzwa eyodwa yomsindo. Kubi ngokwanele. Ivumela ukubona amaza ebangeni elincane - kusuka ku-400 kuye ku-2000 hertz.
Isibankwa sinamazinyo angaphezu kwama-60 emlonyeni waso. Akekho noyedwa ohlafunwayo. Konke kuhloselwe ukuklebhula inyama. Uma izinyo liphuma noma liphuka, likhula elisha endaweni yalo. Ekhulwini lama-21, ososayensi bathole ukuthi amandla emihlathi yesigcilikisha esiqaphile ayinamandla njengokwesibonelo sengwenya. Ngakho-ke, ithemba elikhulu lalesi sibankwa ngukucija kwamazinyo aso.
Izilwane ezindala zipendwe ngemibala emnyama. Umbala omkhulu unsundu ngamachashazi aphuzi. Esikhunjeni kunezinqaba zamathambo amancane - ama-osteoderms. Isembatho sikadrako osemusha onsundu sihlotshiswe ngemigqa yamachashazi asawolintshi naphuzi. Entanyeni nasemsileni, amabala aphenduka imivimbo.
Umlomo omkhulu, ongahlanzekile onamanzi amanzisa amathe, ukuskena njalo, ulimi olufolotshiwe luveza izinhlangano nombulali ononya. Ubungako obubi abufaki uzwelo: ikhanda elikhulu, umzimba osindayo, umsila ongeside ngokwanele ukuba isibankwa.
Ukuqapha isibankwa yisilonda esinzima kunazo zonke emhlabeni
IMassive Komodo yokuqapha izibankwa azihambi ngokushesha okukhulu: isivinini sazo asidluli ama-20 km / h. Kepha ngobunzima obukhulu, izilwane ezidlayo zinamasu futhi ziyingcweti. Izici ezinamandla amaphakathi zenza kube lula ukuzingela ngempumelelo izilwane ezisheshayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqaqa.
Enqubweni yokulwa nezisulu, isibankwa uqobo silimala. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uhlasela kude nezidalwa ezingenakho ukuzivikela: izingulube zasendle, izinkunzi, izingwenya. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo nezihuquzelayo zihlome kahle ngamazinyo, amazinyo, izimpondo. Ukulimala okukhulu kwesigcilikisha sokuqapha. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zithole ukuthi umzimba kadrako uqukethe imishanguzo yemvelo yokulwa namagciwane esheshisa ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba.
Isidlakela usayizi kadrako weKomodo - isici esiyinhloko se-reptile. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bethi babangelwa ukuhlala kwabo bodwa kulezi ziqhingi. Ezimweni lapho ukudla kukhona khona futhi kungekho zitha ezifanelekile. Kepha ucwaningo oluningiliziwe luveze ukuthi izwe lakulesiqhwaga yi-Australia.
Ulimi luyisitho esibucayi kakhulu sokuqapha
Ngo-2009, iqembu lososayensi baseMalaysia, e-Indonesia nase-Australia lathola izinsalela eQueensland. Amathambo akhombise ngqo ukuthi lezi kwakuyizinsalela zikadrako waseKomodo. Yize isibankwa sase-Australia sokuqapha sanyamalala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-30 ngaphambi kokufika kwenkathi yethu, ubukhona baso buyayiphikisa imfundiso yenkolelo yesiqhingi sikadrako iKomodo.
Izinhlobo
I-Komodo yokuqapha izibankwa ziyizinhlobo ze-monotypic. Okusho ukuthi, ayinayo i-subspecies. Kepha kukhona izihlobo eziseduze. Omunye wabo wayekhona eduze kukadrako uKomodo ngesikhathi esaphila e-Australia. Yayibizwa ngokuthi iMegalonia. Kwakuyisibankwa esikhudlwana ngisho nangaphezulu. Igama elithile nguMegalania prisca. Uhlobo lokuhunyushwa kwaleli gama kusuka esiGrekini kuzwakala ngathi "isihambi esikhulu sasendulo".
Yonke imininingwane nge-megalonia itholakala ngokuhlola amathambo atholakalayo esihuquzelayo. Ososayensi baye babala ubukhulu obungaba khona. Zisuka kumamitha angu-4,5 kuya kwangu-7. Isisindo esilinganisiwe sisukela ku-300 kuye ku-600 kilograms. Namuhla iyisigcilikisha esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni esaziwa yisayensi.
Udrako waseKomodo naye unezihlobo eziphilayo. Isibankwa esikhulu sokuqapha sihlala e-Australia. Inwebeka ngamamitha ayi-2.5 ubude. Imizila yesigcilikisha esinemigqa ingaziqhayisa ngosayizi ofanayo. Uhlala eziqhingini zaseMalaysia. Ngaphezu kwalezi ezihuquzelayo, umndeni wezibankwa eziqaphile uqukethe cishe izinto eziphilayo ezingama-80 nezinhlobo zezilwane ezingasekho.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Isibankwa sokuqapha siyisilwane esikodwa. Kepha akawuvikeli umphakathi wohlobo lwakhe. Ukuhlangana nezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo kwenzeka ngenkathi kudliwa ukudla ndawonye. Hhayi njalo hhayi kubo bonke abantu, ukuhlala phakathi kwezihlobo kungaphela ngenjabulo. Esinye isizathu semihlangano ukuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana.
Eziqhingini, lapho kuhlala khona udrako waseKomodo, azikho izidlo ezinkulu. Uphezulu kuketanga lokudla. Akekho umuntu ozohlasela isibankwa sokuqapha esikhulile. Intulo encane yokuqapha ibeka engcupheni yokuba isidlo sakusihlwa sezinyoni ezidla inyama, izingwenya, izidalwa ezidla inyama.
Umuzwa wokuqapha ongokwemvelo uholela kuzo zombili izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisencane nezabantu abadala ukuthi zichithe ubusuku endaweni yokukhosela. Abantu abakhulu bahlala emigodini. Isigcilikisha esiqaphile sizimba indawo yokukhosela engaphansi komhlaba uqobo. Kwesinye isikhathi umhubhe ufinyelela kumamitha ama-5 ubude.
Izilwane ezisencane zicasha ezihlahleni, zikhuphukele emigodini. Amandla okukhuphuka ezihlahleni azalwa nawo kusukela lapho ezalwa. Ngisho nangemva kokuthola isisindo esiningi, bazama ukugibela iziqu ukuze bacashe noma badle amaqanda ezinyoni.
Ekuseni ngovivi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zishiya izindawo zazo zokuhlala. Badinga ukufudumeza umzimba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlala phansi ematsheni afudumele noma esihlabathini, uveze umzimba wakho emisebeni yelanga. Lokhu kuvame ukuboniswa I-Komodo dragon esithombeni... Ngemuva kwenqubo eyisibopho yokuzifudumeza, izibankwa eziqaphile ziyahamba ziyofuna ukudla.
Ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokusesha ulimi olufolokiwe. Ubamba iphunga ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angu-4-9. Uma isibankwa sokuqapha sithola indebe, abantu bezizwe eziningana bavele ngokushesha eduze kwaso. Ukulwela isabelo sabo kuyaqala, kwesinye isikhathi kuphenduke umzabalazo wokuphila.
Ngokuqala kokushisa, izibankwa eziqaphile ziphinde zicashe ezindaweni zokukhosela. Bazishiya ntambama. Buyela kwinhlolovo yendawo uyofuna ukudla. Ukufunwa kokudla kuyaqhubeka kuze kuhlwe. Kusihlwa, isibankwa esiqaphile sicasha futhi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-Komodo dragon idla inyama yanoma yisiphi isilwane ayikugweme izidumbu. Esigabeni sokuqala sempilo, qapha izibankwa zibamba izinambuzane, inhlanzi, izinkalankala. Njengoba zikhula, ubukhulu bezisulu buyakhula. Amagundane, izibankwa, izinyoka ziyavela ekudleni. Ukuqapha izibankwa akungenwa ubuthi, ngakho-ke izicabucabu ezinobuthi kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ziya kudla.
I-cannibalism ivamile phakathi kwezibankwa zokuqapha
Izidalwa ezisencane ezifinyelele kumitha ubude zinemenyu ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Bazama isandla sabo ekubambeni izinyamazane, izingwenya ezincane, izingungumbane, izimfudu. Abantu abadala badlulela kuma-ungulates amakhulu. Akuvamile ukuthi IKomodo iqapha isibankwa sihlasela umuntu.
Kanye nezinyamazane nezingulube zasendle, izihlobo - amadragoni amancane eKomodo - zingavela kwimenyu yokuqapha izibankwa. Izisulu zokudla abantu zenza u-8-10% wenani lokudla okuphekwe yisirhubuluzi.
Isu lokuzingela eliyinhloko ukuhlasela okungazelelwe. Ama-ambushes abekwa emigodini yokuchelela, izindlela lapho ama-artiodactyls ahlala ehamba khona. Isisulu esivala izikhala sihlaselwa ngokushesha. Ekuphonseni kokuqala, isibankwa sokuqapha sizama ukuwisa phansi isilwane, silume ngothambo noma senze isilonda esibi.
Into esemqoka, ngesibankwa esingasheshi kakhulu, ukuqeda i-antelope, ingulube noma inkunzi yenzuzo enkulu - ijubane. Kwesinye isikhathi, isilwane uqobo saso sizigwebela ukufa. Esikhundleni sokubaleka, ubala ngokungafanele amandla akhe bese ezama ukuzivikela.
Umphumela uyabikezelwa. Isilwane esishaywe phansi ngumsila waso noma ngemisipha elumayo sigcina phansi. Okulandelayo kuza ukudabuka kwesisu nokudla inyama. Ngale ndlela, isibankwa esiqaphile sikwazi ukubhekana nezinkunzi ezikhule ngokuphindwe kaningi ngosayizi, nangezinyamazane, eziphindwe kaningi kunazo.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo noma ezihuquzelayo, isibankwa esigadayo sigwinya siphelele. Umhlathi ongezansi wesigcilikisha sokuqapha uyiselula. Lokho kukuvumela ukuthi uvule umlomo wakho ngobubanzi ngendlela othanda ngayo. Futhi ugwinye inhlwathi noma imbuzi iphelele.
Izingcezu ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ama-2-3 ziphuma ezidunjini zezinkunzi namahhashi. Inqubo yokumunca iqhubeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Isizathu salokhu kushesha siyaqondakala. Ezinye izibankwa zijoyina leso sidlo ngokushesha. Ngesinye isikhathi, isilwane esihuquzelayo esidlayo siyakwazi ukudla inani lamathambo nenyama elingana no-80% wesisindo saso.
UVaran ungumzingeli onekhono. U-70% wokuhlaselwa kwakhe uyaphumelela. Amaphesenti aphezulu okuhlaselwa okuphumelelayo asebenza ngisho nakuleso silwane esinamandla, esihlomile futhi esinolaka esifana nezinyathi.
Ukuqapha ukulunywa kwezibankwa kunoshevu
Izinga lempumelelo landa ngokukhula. Izazi zezilwane zihlobanisa lokhu nokukwazi ukuqapha izibankwa ukuze zifunde. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baba ngcono ekufundeni imikhuba yezisulu. Lokhu kwandisa ukusebenza kwesibankwa sokuqapha.
Kuze kube muva nje, bekukholelwa ukuthi ukulunywa kwesibankwa sokuqapha kuyingozi ngoba ubuthi noma amagciwane akhethekile e-pathogenic afakwa esilondeni. Futhi isilwane esithintekile asibhekene nokulimala nokulahleka kwegazi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuvuvukala.
Ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lukhombisile ukuthi isibankwa sokuqapha asinazo ezinye izikhali zebhayoloji. Abukho ubuthi emlonyeni wayo, futhi iqoqo lamagciwane lihluke kancane kulokho elisemlonyeni wezinye izilwane. Ukulunywa yintulo yodwa kwanele ukuthi isilwane eseqile size sigcine siphelelwe ngamandla futhi sife.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Eminyakeni engu-5-10 ngemuva kokuzalwa, abaqaphi beKomodo bayakwazi ukuqhubeka nomjaho. Kude nazo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezizalwe kule minyaka ziyasinda. Abesilisa basengozini enkulu yokuphila kunabesifazane. Mhlawumbe kunabaningi babo abazalwayo. Ngesikhathi sokuthomba, kunabesilisa abathathu kowesifazane ngamunye.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngoJulayi nango-Agasti. Kuqala ngabesilisa abalwela ilungelo lokuzala. Ama-duels abucayi impela. Ukuqapha izibankwa, zime ngemilenze yazo yangemuva, zizama ukushayisana. Lokhu kungqubuzana, okufana nokulwa phakathi kwama-wrestling, kugcina kuvuna umphikisi onamandla ngokwengeziwe, osindayo.
Imvamisa, owehlulwayo uyakwazi ukweqa. Kepha uma onqotshiwe ethola ukulimala okungathi sína, isiphetho sakhe sibuhlungu. Abancintisana ngenhlanhla bazoyidabula. Kukhona njalo abafakizicelo abaningana benyunyana yomshado. Ofanele kakhulu kufanele alwe nawo wonke umuntu.
Ngenxa yobukhulu nesisindo sezibankwa eziqaphelayo, ukukhwelana kuyinkambiso enzima nenzima. Eyesilisa iklwebha iqolo lowesifazane, ishiye izibazi emzimbeni wayo. Ngemuva kokuhlangana, insikazi iqala ukufuna indawo lapho kungabekwa khona amaqanda.
Ibhande lesibankwa sokuqapha ngamaqanda amakhulu angama-20. Umuntu angaba nesisindo esingafika kumagremu angama-200. Owesifazane ubheka izinqwaba zomquba njengendawo engcono kakhulu yokubeka. Kepha izidleke ezilahliwe zezinyoni zomhlaba nazo ziyafaneleka. Indawo kufanele ibe nemfihlo futhi ifudumale.
Izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, insikazi ivikela amaqanda abekiwe. Izibankwa ezizalwe ziqapha ziyasakazeka futhi zikhuphuke ezihlahleni ezingomakhelwane. Ezingeni lemvelo, bayaqonda ukuthi lena ukuphela kwendawo lapho bengacasha khona ezihuquzelayo ezindala. Imiqhele yezihlahla - iba yikhaya lokuqapha izibankwa iminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuphila.
Elikhulu kunawo wonke isibankwa — I-Komodo dragon - umhlali owamukelekile wama-zoo. Ezimweni zesiqhingi, amaKomodo Dragons ahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Ekuthunjweni, impilo yesirhubuluzi iyisikhathi esisodwa nengxenye ubude.
Kuma-zoo, kuye kwabonwa ikhono labesifazane lokuzalela amaqanda angenamvumba. Imibungu evela kuzo njalo ikhula ibe ngabesilisa kuphela. Ukuze uqhubeke nohlobo, abesifazane abaqapha izibankwa, empeleni, abadingi owesilisa. Ithuba lokuzala kabusha kwe-asexual lenyusa amathuba okusinda kwezinhlobo ezimweni zesiqhingi.
