Iseva Isilwane esihle esidlayo. Kudala abantu belazi leli kati. EGibhithe lasendulo, wayevikela izindawo zokuhlala kumagundane. Ukuze uthole izinzuzo, ukubukeka okuhle nenhlamvu ezimele, abaseGibhithe benza i-serval isilwane esingcwele.
Incazelo nezici
Ikati elisehlathini igama eliphakathi le-serval. Kuyisibisi esincanyana. Inesisindo esiphindwe kabili noma kathathu ngaphezu kwekati elifuywayo: 10-15 kg. Ukukhula kusuka phansi kuya kwesilwane esidala kufinyelela kuma-55-60 cm.
Ingaphandle linekhanda elincane, imilenze emide nomsila omfushane. Ama-auricles ayalingana nekati. Kubonakala kukhulu ngenxa yosayizi omncane wekhanda.
Iseva — ikati anamehlo aluhlaza, kepha kukhona abantu abanamehlo ansundu. Amadevu amhlophe. Isilevu naso sipendiwe ngokumhlophe. Kunamabala nemivimbo esiphongweni nasezihlathini. Amabala amnyama ahlakazekile emzimbeni wonke ngemuva kwesizinda esiphuzi segolide. Ingxenye yomzimba yomzimba imhlophe. Kumbozwe ngoboya obuthambile nobushelelezi kunezinhlangothi nangemuva.
Umbala ungahluka ngokuya nge-biotope, indawo yokuhlala. Izinsizakalo ezihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zinombala okhanyayo, amabala amaningi. Amakati adonsela ezindaweni ezinokhuni anesikhumba esimnyama, izindawo ezincane.
Ezintabeni zaseKenya, kunomjaho okhethekile wama-servals - ama-melanists. Okusho ukuthi, izilwane zipendwe ngokumnyama. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-albino azalwa, kepha izilwane ezinjalo zisinda ekuthunjweni kuphela.
Naphezu komphakathi ophansi, i-serval yenza imisindo ehlukahlukene. Ukukhuluma kwesilwane kuvamise ukuzibonakalisa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana noma ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kwesifazane namazinyane. Ikati elisehlathini, elifana nelasekhaya, lingakwazi ukugoqa, ukugoqa, ukugoqa, ukuveza ukungenami kwalo ngekhwelo, njalo njalo.
Izinhlobo
Ngekhulu le-19 kanye nelama-20, ososayensi baletha izinhlobo ezimbili zezinsizakalo ekuhlelweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Lesi sigaba senziwa ngesisekelo sombala wezilwane. Amakati anezindawo ezinkulu eziphikisanayo ahlanganiswa nezinhlobo zeFelis servalina. Abanikazi bamabala amancane yiFelis ornata.
Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zavuma ukuthi umehluko awubalulekile. I-serval (Leptailurus serval) isiphenduke ukuphela kohlobo lohlobo lweLeptailurus. Kepha ezinhlotsheni ezingama-14 izinhlobo ezahlonziwe.
- ICape Serval. Okufundwa kakhulu kwama-subspecies. Kwenzeka ezindaweni eziseduze no-Afrika, ugu oluseningizimu ye-Atlantic Ocean. Yaqanjwa ngegama lesifundazwe esinomlando waseNingizimu Afrika: iKapa. Kufakwe kusihlukanisi sebhayoloji ngo-1776.
- I-Beir Serval. Okuvame ukutholakala eMozambique. Yaziwa kusukela ngo-1910.
- Iseva ye-Sahelian, i-servaline. Kusatshalaliswe e-equatorial Africa, kusuka eSierra Leone entshonalanga kuya e-Ethiopia empumalanga. Phambilini bekucatshangelwa uhlobo oluzimele.
- Iseva yaseNyakatho Afrika. Bekulokhu kukwahlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo kusukela ngo-1780. Eminyakeni engama-200 kamuva, ngo-1980, yavela eRed Book. Ukuphila nokuzingela emahlathini asogwini emifula iMoroccan ne-Algeria.
- Iserval kaFaradjian. Yaqanjwa ngensimu yaseCongo yaseFaraji, indawo yayo eyinhloko. Kuvulwe ngo-1924.
- Inkonzo kaHamilton. Indawo - iNingizimu Afrika, isifundazwe esinomlando saseTransvaal. Kufakwe kusihlukanisi semvelo ngo-1931.
- Iseva YaseTanzania. Uhlala eTanzania, eMozambique, eKenya. Inombala okhanyayo. Yaziwa kusukela ngo-1910.
- Iseva kaKemp noma iServal yase-Uganda. Kuhlala emithambekeni ye-Elgon volcano. Kwethulwa ekuhlelweni kwezinto eziphilayo ngo-1910.
- UServal Kivu. IHabitat - iCongo, ayivamile kakhulu e-Angola. Kuvulwe ngo-1919.
- Iseva yase-Angola. Kusatshalaliswe eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Angola. Yaziwa kusukela ngo-1910,
- IBotswana Serval. Kusatshalaliswe ehlane le-savannah Kalahari, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeBotswana. Kwavulwa ngo-1932.
- UServal Phillips. Le ndawo yinhlonhlo yaseSomalia. Kuvulwe ngo-1914.
- UServal Roberts. Isatshalaliswe eNingizimu Afrika. Ngo-1953 wafakwa ekwahlukanisweni kwezinto eziphilayo.
- Iseva YaseTogo. Ukuphila nokuzingelwa eNigeria, eBurkina Faso, eTongo naseBenin. Yaziwa kusukela ngo-1893.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
I-Serval ayisakazekile eNyakatho Afrika. Ngezikhathi ezithile kutholakala eMorocco. Kwethulwa eTunisia nase-Algeria. Kepha ayitholanga ukusatshalaliswa kula mazwe. Ukusabalalisa - izindawo ezinesomiso eseduze nogu lwaseMedithera. Igwema amahlathi emvula nezindawo eziwugwadule.
Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yi-sub-Saharan Africa. Kusatshalaliswe eSahel, i-savannah biotope eseduze neSahara. Futhi ezifundeni eziningi eningizimu, kuze kufike enhlonhlweni yaseCape.
Empilweni nasekuzingeleni ukhetha izindawo ezinotshani obuphakeme, amabhange emifula. Ikhetha njengendawo yokukhosela, amahlathi emhlanga. Kuqoshwe emahlathini asezikhukhula nasegalari. Ijwayela izimo ezahlukene zokuphila. Kutholakala emithambekeni yentaba-mlilo i-Kilimanjaro. Indawo ephakeme kunazo zonke evele kuyo UmAfrika isisebenzi, - amamitha angama-3800 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Umsebenzi we-Serval awuhlobene nesikhathi sosuku. Uyasebenza ubusuku nemini. Intambama eshisayo kuphela engamenza ahambe ayophumula isikhathi eside emthunzini. I-Serval iyimfihlo kakhulu. Kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthi umuntu akubone.
Uncamela isizungu. Kuhola impilo yesizungu. Ihlangana namanye amalungu ezinhlobo kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Okuwukuphela kothando lwesikhathi eside ubudlelwano bukamama nekati.
I-Serval iyisidli sendawo. Isilwane ngasinye sinendawo yaso yokuzingela. Ubukhulu bayo busukela kumakhilomitha-skwele ayishumi kuya kwangu-30. Akukho ukufuduka noma ukufuduka kulezi zilwane. Ukunyakaza kokufuna izindawo ezintsha zokuzingela kungenzeka.
Indawo yesiza incike enanini lokukhiqizwa okungaba khona. Insimu imakiwe. Kepha izilwane zigwema izimpi zemingcele. Izinsizakalo zizama ukuxazulula inkinga zisebenzisa izinsongo ngaphandle kokuthola ukushayisana ngqo.
Ikati le-shrub lingawela kwizisulu ezinkulu, noma lithintwe izidlo ezidla ubuthaka: izinja zasendle kanye nezimpisi. Ubalekela abahlaseli ngokuxhuma okude, evame ukushintsha indlela. Ngikwazi ukugibela esihlahleni. Yize le ndlela yokutakula ingavamisile ukusetshenziswa. Ukukhuphuka kwezihlahla akulona iphuzu eliqinile leServal.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-Serval, i-aka bush cat, i-carnivore. Izingela amagundane, izinyoni ezincane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo. Idiliza izidleke, ingabamba izinambuzane ezinkulu. Akawadeleli amasele nezinye izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini. Idla utshani ngamanani amancane. Kusebenza ukuthuthukisa ukugaya nokuhlanza isisu.
Impango enkulu yensiza yizilwane ezincane ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-200 gram. Bangu-90% babo. Isabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezindebe zokuzingela kuhlala amagundane. Kukhona ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezinkulu: ama-hares, ama-antelopes amancane, ama-flamingo.
Lapho kulandelwa isisulu, iServal incika kakhulu ekuzweni. Ukuzingela kuqukethe izigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala, i-serval iyanyenya, ilandelwe udwi olubukhali. I-Serval esithombeni kuvame ukubanjwa ngokugxuma okuhlaselayo.
He (gxuma) ingaba ngamamitha amabili ukuphakama futhi ifike kumamitha ama-4 ubude. Ngesisulu, njengekati lasekhaya, asidlali. Isisulu sibulawa ngokushesha futhi kunoshintsho olusheshayo ekudleni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izitho zangaphakathi nezimpaphe zezinyoni azidli.
Ikati lasehlathini lingumzingeli onekhono. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi ingxenye yokuhlaselwa kwakhe iphelela ekubambeni inyamazane. Amakati omama anezinga lokuphumelela eliphakeme kakhulu. Kulingana namaphesenti angama-62. Ikati elondla amazinyane enza ukuhlaselwa okuyimpumelelo okuyi-15-16 emini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinceku ziba ngabantu abadala zisenonyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili. Imisebenzi yokuzala iqala nge-estrus kowesifazane. Kwenzeka kanye noma kabili ngonyaka. Insikazi iqala ukuziphatha ingahluphi futhi ishiya iphunga layo yonke indawo. Ubuye amemeze kakhulu. Igxile emsindweni nasenkunukeni, ikati liyamthola. Ayikho imikhosi yomshado. Ngokushesha ngemuva komhlangano, laba bobabili baxhumekile.
Kukhona ukubonwa okuthakazelisayo. Umsebenzi wokuzala wabesifazane uhambelana nesikhathi sokuzala kwamanye amagundane. Ngasikhathi sinye, qala ukuvela amazinyane isisebenzi, bese kuzalwa amagundane, lawo onondli abadla kuwo. Ukuxhuma kwalezi zinqubo kusiza umsebenzi wokondla isizukulwane esisha sezilwane ezizingelayo.
Ukuze kuzalwe inzalo, insikazi ihlela okuthile okufana nesidleke. Le ndawo kungaba yindawo ecashile yotshani obude, amahlathi, noma umgodi ongenalutho wesinye isilwane: ingungumbane, i-aardvark. Amantshontsho achanyuselwa izinsuku ezingama-65-70. Wazalwa eyimpumputhe, engenakuzisiza Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12, izinsizakalo ezincane ziqala ukubona.
Amakati, anenyanga eyodwa ubudala, aqala ukudla inyama eluhlaza. Ubisi lukamama luyashabalala ngemuva. Izingane ezincelisayo zesifazane kufanele zizingele kakhulu. Izindebe zilethwa ngumama endaweni yokukhosela. Izingane zibizwa ngokuthi yi-meowing.
Lapho unezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, ukuncelisa ubisi kuyeka ngokuphelele. Izinsizwa ezisencane zikhula amazinyo unomphela, bese ziqala ukulandela unina ekuzingeleni, zithole isipiliyoni sempilo. Amakati anonyaka owodwa ubudala awahlukaniswa nezilwane ezindala futhi ashiya unina.
Izinceku zihlala endle iminyaka eyi-10. Ngokunakekelwa kahle, ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sempilo siba sikhulu nohafu kuya kokuphindwe kabili. Ikati le-Serval uphila iminyaka engu-1-2 ubude kunowesifazane. Lo mehluko uyanyamalala lapho izilwane zigcinwa ekuthunjweni futhi zenziwe inzalo.
Iseva ekhaya
Imizamo yokuqashwa kwezinsizakalo yaziwa kusukela ezinsukwini zamaphiramidi. Kepha ngokuzayo, ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu namakati amahlathi kulahlekile. Inzalo ku-serval iphinde yavela ngekhulu lama-20. Mhlawumbe isilwane ekuqaleni sasibonwa njengomthombo woboya obumnandi. Okwesibili, njengesilwane esifuywayo.
Umzamo omkhulu wokuzalisa nokuthola uhlobo lwasekhaya lweServal uqhamuke kubafuyi base-USA. Kwenziwe izivivinyo eziningi ukufuya nzalo. Yize i-serval isesimweni sayo sokuqala ilungele ukunakekelwa kwendlu.
Izinsizakalo seziyizilwane ezifuywayo manje. Amalungu ahlanzekile ngokwezakhi zofuzo awabhekwa njengohlobo lwekati. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-hybrid ye-serval nekati lasekhaya laseSiamese lasakazeka kabanzi. Bayiqamba ngokuthi i-savannah. Ikati labhaliswa yi-International Cat Association njengohlobo oluzimele ngo-2001. Ngo-2012, inhlangano yabona lolu hlobo njengompetha.
Manje ingabonisa futhi incintisane ezingeni eliphakeme lamazwe omhlaba. Uhlobo, olususelwa enhlanganisweni ye-serval nekati elifushane, livele cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-savannah. Umhlobo lo waqanjwa ngokuthi yiSerengeti. Kwaziwa njengokuzimela.
Lezi nzalo ezimbili zithandwa kakhulu ngabantu abazilibazisa ngakho-ke abalimi. Isikhungo sokuzalela yi-USA. Abanikazi bamakati bakhangwa izimfanelo ezitholwe kubasunguli bezinhlobo - iServal.
- Ubuhle, umusa nobuhle bokubukeka.
- Ubungane nobumnene, njengekati elijwayelekile.
- Ukwethembeka kwenja kumnikazi.
- Ukushesha okusheshayo nokuqina ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.
- Impilo enhle.
Ikhaya leseva ayinazo izinzuzo kuphela. Kunezithiyo ezithile ngenxa yokuthi unganqaba ukugcina isilwane sikanokusho.
- Umqondo wesilwane uhlanganiswe nobuqili nenkani.
- Noma iyiphi ingane encane yasekhaya ingaba yisisulu seseva.
- Izifiso zokuhamba, ukugxuma, ukukhuphuka ziphakeme kunalezo zamakati ajwayelekile.
- Insimu leyo isilwane ebheka ukuthi ingeyayo ingamakwa.
- Intengo yama-servals afuywayo iphezulu kakhulu.
Izinsizakalo, ama-savanna kanye ne-serengeti zigcinwa endlini ngendlela efanayo namakati ajwayelekile. Zidinga ukunakwa okulinganayo, isikhala esithe xaxa nesimo sengqondo esivumayo ngokwengeziwe ngefenisha eyonakele.
Ukondla izinsizakalo zasekhaya akuyona inkinga enkulu. Inyama eluhlaza ngamathambo yisisekelo sokudla. Inkomo, izinkukhu, i-offal izokwenza. Ama-Vitamin and trace element supplements ayadingeka. Ukushintshela kokudla okomile kungenzeka. Kulokhu, kungcono ukuxhumana nodokotela wezilwane.
Ukuqapha impilo yesilwane kuyinto ejwayelekile: udinga ukugoma ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuqapha isimo nokuziphatha kwesilwane, ezimweni zokukhathazeka thintana nodokotela wezilwane.
Imvamisa, amakati agcinwa njengabangane hhayi njengabakhiqizi. Ngakho-ke ukwenza kube lula Ukunakekelwa kwe-Serval, kungcono ukuhlanza isilwane. Lokhu kusebenza okulula kwamakati kwenziwa eneminyaka engu-7 izinyanga. Amakati ahlinzwa lapho enonyaka owodwa ubudala.
Intengo yeserval
Intengo yeservaleyenzelwe okuqukethwe ekhaya iphezulu impela. Ezizukulwaneni zokuqala, abalimi bacela inani elilingana ne- € 10,000, okungukuthi, cishe ama-ruble angama-700,000. Kungenzeka uthenge isilwane esihle ngama-ruble ayi-10 000, ngaphandle kobuhlobo obukude neseva yasendle.
