Umvundla—Umvundla Ingabe imifino ehlala e-Eurasia. Ikhetha izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile nesibandayo. Imvamisa itholakala emahlathini nasehlathini elinehlathi. Enyakatho, ibanga likanogwaja lifaka ezinye iziqhingi zase-Arctic.
Ucwaningo lwe-paleontological lukhombisa ukuthi esikhathini sangaphambi kobusuku, unogwaja omhlophe wayehlala kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu. Ngemuva kokudlulisa i-glacier, wathuthela enyakatho. Ukushiya abantu abancane emahlathini asezintabeni e-Alps nasePyrenees.
Incazelo nezici
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezidleke, unogwaja omhlophe ungenye yezinkulu kakhulu. Isisindo sezinhlobo zezilwane zaseNtshonalanga yeSiberia sifinyelela ku-5.5 kg. EMpumalanga Ekude nasezifundeni zaseYakutia, abamhlophe abakhuluphele ngaphezu kwama-2 kg. Ama-hares asebenze kahle kwezinye izifunda ze-Eurasia anesisindo esiphakathi kuka-2 no-5 kg.
Amahares abonakala ngama-auricles amakhulu. Zifinyelela ku-8-10 cm. Esinye isici esehlukile yimilenze yangemuva enamandla ngezinyawo ezinkulu. Amathe nezinzwani zimbozwe izinwele. Lokhu kusiza ukuhamba okusheshayo eqhweni elijulile noma emaxhaphozini.
Ukuqondanisa umbala woboya nesikhathi sonyaka, unogwaja kufanele achithe kabili ngonyaka. Isikhathi se-molt kufanele sibekelwe isikhathi sokuhambisana nokubukeka nokuncibilika kwekhava leqhwa. Kepha ngezinga elikhulu, kuya ngokushisa komoya nokukhanyisa. Kuyenzeka kaningi ukuthi Umbala we-hare—Umvundla, okufanele ikufihle, iqale ukuyikhipha.
Kunezimvu ezimhlophe ezihlala ezindaweni lapho iqhwa lingalokothi liwele khona, njengeNgilandi ne-Ireland. Izilwane sezijwayele lokhu futhi ikhava yazo yasebusika iyekile ukuba mhlophe. Kukhona nezimo eziguqukayo. Izimbaba ze-Arctic ezihlala eGreenland azidingi umbala wehlobo. Zihlala zimhlophe unyaka wonke.
Izinhlobo
Unogwaja omhlophe uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezincane. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-subspecies ubukhulu bawo nendawo ezihlala kuyo. EYurophu Ephakathi, inani elincane lama-alpine hare lisindile.
Unogwaja waseScandinavia uhlala emahlathini aseFinland, eSweden, eNorway. Ama-subspecies amaningana ahlala kuzo zonke izingxenye zase-Europe nase-Asia eRussia kusuka emngceleni ne-Ukraine, Kazakhstan kanye namathafa aseMongolia kuya e-Arctic Circle.
Ngaphezu kukanogwaja omhlophe ovamile, kunezinye izinhlobo zezinhlamvu ezimhlophe kuhlobo lohlobo.
- Imvundla yaseMelika. Ububanzi besilwane buhambisana negama laso. Ingatholakala eNyakatho Melika. Ukusuka e-Alaska kuya emaLwandle Omkhulu ngisho naseningizimu. Inani lezinguquko liyashintsha minyaka yonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuzala kwabesifazane, okuqinisekisa ukukhula kwenani labantu. Futhi ukungazinzi kwezilwane ezisencane ezifweni, okuholela ekwehleni kwesibalo samahares.
- Unogwaja wase-Arctic. Uhlala eTundra yaseNyakatho Melika. Ezindaweni ezisogwini lwaseGreenland nasenyakatho yeCanada. Ingaba khona ezindaweni eziphansi futhi ikhuphukele ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-2000. Eqhweni le-Hudson Bay badlula besuka ezwekazini baye eziqhingini futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 kuhlobo. Kusuka ku-antelope kuya e-Abyssinian hare. Umvundla, osabalele e-Eurasia, uphakathi kwezihlobo zikanogwaja.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izindwangu ezimhlophe zihlala emahlathini axubekile naconiferous, emahlathini nasehlathini elincane. Iziqu ezincane, amaphethelo ehlathi, imiphetho egcwele amaxhaphozi nezigodi zemifula kufanelekile ukuba khona nokuzala. Izinsalela zigwema izindawo ezinkulu ezivulekile.
Umvundla—unogwaja uyaphila futhi iphakela ngesakhiwo samahektha amaningana. Lezi yizilwane zendawo. Ukwephulwa kwemingcele kuvunyelwe phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana. AmaHares angenza ukufuduka kokudla okuphoqelelwe noma ukufuduka kusuka ezindaweni ezinomsebenzi osebenzayo wezimboni nezomnotho wabantu.
Izilwane ziya kondla kusihlwa, kusihlwa. Ehlobo bakhangwa yimfucumfucu, ebusika - yi-willow ne-aspen encane. Izitshalo zasebusika noma zasentwasahlobo zihlonishwa kakhulu ngama-hares, kuya ngesizini, amasimu okusanhlamvu.
Unogwaja omhlophe uyasebenza ubusuku bonke. Ngemuva kokudla, uya emini. Ngaphambi kokulala phansi, udida ujantshi. Ijikeleza ehlathini, ngezikhathi ezithile iphuma ngomkhondo wayo wakudala. Ugxumela kude nomkhondo wakhe aye eceleni, enze okubizwa nge- "sweep". Ingabe konke ukudida lowo obengase amlandele ngendlela yephunga.
Ulele emhlathini. Umvundla—unogwaja wasebusika ingazingcwaba eqhweni. Ulala kancane. Amaculo ama-rustles nokunyakaza esikhaleni esiseduze. Amehlo kanogwaja awabukhali kakhulu, futhi nomuzwa wokuhogela awuzweli kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, unogwaja uvame ukusukuma aqale ukulalela.
Imvamisa, unogwaja uhlala endaweni entsha nsuku zonke. Kepha lo mthetho ungazikhethela: kunezinsuku eziningi ku-rookery efanayo. Uma kwenzeka ubusika obunzima, unogwaja wenza imingcele ejulile yeqhwa. Zisetshenziswa kaningi.
Unogwaja ophakanyiswe ngumzingeli ushiya ngejubane elikhulu, wenze imibuthano emikhulu ehlangana, izihibe, futhi ubambe umzila. Ngemuva kokwenza umbuthano olandelayo, ubuyela endaweni yokuqala. Ezizwa sengathi usehlukanisile nomzingeli, uzama ukuphinda alale phansi.
Hares ezihlala e-tundra ziziphatha ngendlela eyinqaba. Kwesinye isikhathi zishiya isimo sezilwane zendawo bese ziqala ukufuduka ngokuqala kobusika. Bahlangana ngamaqembu amashumi amaningana noma ngisho namakhulu abantu bese beya ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi. Ukugeleza okunjalo okufudukayo kuyabonakala eYakutia, eUral polar naseYamal. Ngentwasahlobo, ukuhamba kwemihlambi kanogwaja ohlangothini oluhlukile kuyabonakala.
Ukufana nokwehluka phakathi kukanogwaja omhlophe nonogwaja
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zohlobo olulodwa. Izici zabo eziyinhloko morphological ziyefana. Kepha kukhona futhi umehluko.
- Unogwaja omhlophe wahlala emahlathini, emahlathini nasehlathini elincane. URusak ukhetha amahlathi asemahlathini, amasimu, izimfunda ngisho nezintaba.
- Unogwaja onsundu, ngokwesilinganiso, uyisilwane esikhudlwana. Unomzimba omude, izindlebe, umsila, imilenze.
- Izinyawo zikanogwaja zibanzi futhi zimbozwe ngoboya obuqinile. Lokhu kunikeza inzuzo lapho ushayela eqhweni nasendaweni evulekile.
- Umbala wasebusika kanogwaja ulula kancane kunehlobo, kodwa awumhlophe ngokuphelele.
Vuliwe ukufana nokwehluka phakathi kukanogwaja omhlophe nonogwaja izimo zokuphila nokunikezwa kokudla kuthinta. Kepha ngokujwayelekile, lezi hares ziyefana kakhulu futhi zibonwa ngabantu basemadolobheni njengesilwane esisodwa futhi esifanayo esinamagama ahlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zekhalenda.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kukanogwaja kuncike enkathini naku-biotope lapho ikhona. Emzileni ophakathi waseYurophu, ama-hares adla utshani obuhlukahlukene. I-juicier iba ngcono. I-Clover, i-goldenrod, i-dandelion ifanelekile. Befuna ukudla okunomsoco, bafika osebeni lwamaxhaphozi, imifudlana nemifula.
Emahlathini ama-taiga, ama-reindeer truffle ayengezwa emakhomeni. Leli khowa lenhlabathi liyisibiliboco samahares. Bacinga ngempumelelo futhi bemba imizimba yayo ethela izithelo. Ukuya enyakatho nendawo okuhlala kuyo, unogwaja awukhethi kangako. Kudliwa umhlonyane, i-sedge ngisho ne-horsetail.
Ngokumila kotshani, unogwaja uphenduka imithombo yokudla emangele. Ebusika, ama-hares adla amagxolo namagatsha. Kunoma iyiphi inkathi, amasimu ezolimo anezitshalo zokusanhlamvu ezikhulile abaluleke kakhulu kunogwaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hares aphuma angene emigwaqweni lapho kuthuthwa khona okusanhlamvu futhi kudle konke okulahlekile ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokulayishwa kabusha.
Ukudla kwemifino kudala ukungabi khona kwe-calcium nezinye izinto emzimbeni wonogwaja. Ukushoda kuzokwakhiwa ngokuvakashela izikhotha zikasawoti, lapho ama-hares adla khona umhlaba ofakwe amaminerali. Ngenhloso efanayo, izingulube ezimhlophe zidla amathambo noma izimpondo zezilwane ezitholakala ehlathini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo kuqinisekisa ukuzala. Umvundla—Umvundla — isilwaneokufeza ngempumelelo leli qhinga lemvelo. Unogwaja uletha inzalo ngo-2-3, kokunye izikhathi ezi-4 ngonyaka. Ama-hares kuphela ahlala eYakutia, eChukotka, akwazi ukwenza inzalo eyodwa kuphela ehlobo elifushane.
Umkhuba wokuqala uqala ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. EBelarus, ngokwesibonelo, iqala ngoFebhuwari, naseChukotka ngoMeyi. Umjaho ubandakanya abesilisa abaneminyaka yobudala efinyelele ezinyangeni eziyishumi futhi cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabesifazane abadala.
Abesilisa baqala ukuzingela ngaphambi kwezinsikazi. Imini nobusuku kukhona ukuphishekelana. Abesilisa bakhombisa ukulwa, bezama ukuxosha izimbangi. Hlela izimpi ezinegazi, kodwa hhayi ezibulalayo.
Kukhona cishe izinombolo ezilinganayo zabesilisa nabesifazane endaweni ngayinye. Ekugcineni, owesilisa ngamunye uthola ithuba lokumboza owesifazane hhayi elilodwa, kepha owesifazane ngamunye unokuxhumana nabafakizicelo abaningana.
Ukuthwala onogwaja kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-50. Abaphathi abamhlophe abazakhi izidleke noma imisele. Amawundlu avela ngaphezulu, phakathi kwamahlumela amadala, utshani obukhulu noma ezihlahleni. Owesifazane uchoboza ikhava yotshani namagatsha ngomzimba wakhe, yilapho umsebenzi wokwakha uphela khona.
Inzalo izalwa ibonwa, imbozwe ngoboya obujwayelekile. Kakade sebenosuku olulodwa, bayakwazi ukugijima. Izinsuku zokuqala zigcinwa eduze komama. Zondla ngobisi, olunomsoco ngokweqile. Kukhuluphele izikhathi eziyisithupha kunenkomo.
Izinsalela zikhula ngokushesha. Ngesonto elilodwa ubudala, bakhombisa ukuzimela: bayakwazi ukubaleka bacashe, baqala ukudla utshani. Kepha bayaqhubeka nokudla ubisi lukamama.
Unogwaja, njengoba esindile ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwamawundlu, uphinde axhumane nabesilisa. Okwesibili, ihlobo lasehlobo, lihlanganiswa nabesifazane abaphuthelwe yimidlalo yokukhwelana yasentwasahlobo. Okusho ukuthi, iholide lokuzalela liba likhulu ngokwengeziwe.
Amahares amatasa ngokukhulisa inzalo lonke ihlobo. Ukuqhubeka nokondla isizukulwane esisodwa samahhashi amhlophe, esilandelayo siyachanyuselwa. Lokhu kunjalo ngenzalo yesibili neyesithathu. Kukhona nenzalo yesine. Kepha uvame ukufa.
Amahares ngezikhathi ezithile ahlakazeka ehlathini. Noma iziphi izimbali ezincelisayo, lapho zithole unogwaja "ongenamnikazi", zingamdlisa ngobisi lwayo. Lo mkhuba - ukondla inzalo yomunye umuntu - kungenye isenzo esihlose ukusinda kohlobo.
Ubukhulu besibalo esithile kwesinye isikhathi buyakhuphuka. Bese iyawa. Ekuqaleni naphakathi kwekhulu elidlule, imijikelezo yamenyezelwa futhi yaba yiminyaka eyi-12-14. Muva nje, kuye kwehla nokwehla kwezinkomba zokubala. Kodwa baqala ukuba nezinxushunxushu.
Ukuzingelwa okumhlophe
Lo mcimbi owabantu oyedwa noma abaningi. Hare ukuzingela—Umvundla ayiphelele ngaphandle kwenja ye-hound. Endabeni yokuzingela ngokuhlanganyela unogwaja, umugqa obukhoma uhleliwe. Esikhungweni sayo kukhona umphathi ophethe inja. Bonke abanye ababambiqhaza batholakala ebangeni lezinyathelo eziyi-100 komunye nomunye. Umnikazi wenja ubeka izimpawu zomhlaba, aqondise ukunyakaza. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uqhuba inja - ukushaya. Kungaba nezinja eziningana, kepha umgomo wesenzo awushintshi.
Umsebenzi weketanga labazingeli ukukhulisa unogwaja. Umholi kufanele ayenge i-hound esendleleni. Unogwaja ubeka umbuthano wokuqala. Ujwayele ukuvala endaweni yokuqamba amanga. Uma unogwaja unenhlanhla, wenza umbuthano wesibili, obanzi. Abazingeli bacasha eduze kwendawo elele noma ezindaweni lapho kuhamba khona unogwaja. Kusuka kule ndawo bashaya isilo.
Unogwaja ngenkathi ezihambela eyindilinga angayikhipha inja ithrekhi. Athule isikhashana, kuthuleke. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-cleavage kuyenzeka. Kulesi simo, okuningi kuncike kulwazi nokuqeqeshwa kwenja. I-hound encane ingahle ingawaqondi amathrekhi ahlanganisiwe bese ilahleka.
Imvamisa yonke into iphela ngokudutshulwa okuphumelelayo. Umphumela ubhalwe ngokwesiko: Umvundla—unogwaja esithombeni itholakala, njengoba kufanele indebe, ezinyaweni zomzingeli nenja yakhe.
